David Wiggins (born 1933) is an English
moral
A moral (from Latin ''morālis'') is a message that is conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event. The moral may be left to the hearer, reader, or viewer to determine for themselves, or may be explicitly encapsulated in a maxim. A ...
philosopher
A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek th ...
,
metaphysician
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...
, and philosophical
logician
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises ...
working especially on
identity
Identity may refer to:
* Identity document
* Identity (philosophy)
* Identity (social science)
* Identity (mathematics)
Arts and entertainment Film and television
* ''Identity'' (1987 film), an Iranian film
* ''Identity'' (2003 film), ...
and issues in
meta-ethics
In metaphilosophy and ethics, meta-ethics is the study of the nature, scope, and meaning of moral judgment. It is one of the three branches of ethics generally studied by philosophers, the others being normative ethics (questions of how one ought ...
.
Biography
David Wiggins was born on 8 March 1933 in
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
, the son of Norman and Diana Wiggins (née Priestley). He attended
St Paul's School before reading philosophy at
Brasenose College, Oxford
Brasenose College (BNC) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It began as Brasenose Hall in the 13th century, before being founded as a college in 1509. The library and chapel were added in the mi ...
, where he obtained a first-class degree.
His tutor was
J. L. Ackrill
John Lloyd Ackrill, (30 December 1921 – 30 November 2007) was an English philosopher and classicist who specialized in Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosophy, especially the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. Ackrill has been said to be ...
.
After completing his
National Service
National service is the system of voluntary government service, usually military service. Conscription is mandatory national service. The term ''national service'' comes from the United Kingdom's National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939.
The l ...
, he joined the Civil Service and was appointed Assistant Principal in the
Colonial Office
The Colonial Office was a government department of the Kingdom of Great Britain and later of the United Kingdom, first created to deal with the colonial affairs of British North America but required also to oversee the increasing number of col ...
, 1957-8. He left the Civil Service and was Jane Eliza Proctor Visiting Fellow at
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private university, private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial Colleges, fourth-oldest ins ...
in 1958-9. Returning to Oxford, he was Lecturer, 1959, then Fellow and Lecturer, 1960-7, at
New College. After that, he was Chair of Philosophy at
Bedford College, London
file:Bedford College in York place - photographer is unknown but guess 1908.png, Bedford College was in York Place after 1874
Bedford College was founded in London in 1849 as the first higher education college for education of women, women in th ...
, 1967–80; Fellow and Praelector in Philosophy at
University College, Oxford
University College (in full The College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as "Univ") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the univer ...
, 1981-9; and Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London, 1989–94; and Wykeham Professor of Logic and Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1994-2000.
Wiggins was made a
fellow of the British Academy
Fellowship of the British Academy (FBA) is an award granted by the British Academy to leading academics for their distinction in the humanities and social sciences. The categories are:
# Fellows – scholars resident in the United Kingdom
# C ...
in 1978. He was also President of the
Aristotelian Society
The Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy, more generally known as the Aristotelian Society, is a philosophical society in London.
History
Aristotelian Society was founded at a meeting on 19 April 1880, at 17 Bloomsbury Squar ...
from 1999 to 2000. He was elected a foreign honorary member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and ...
in 1992.
Philosophical work
Wiggins is well known for his work in
metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...
, particularly identity. In his ''Sameness and Substance'' (Oxford, 1980), he proposed
conceptualist realism
Philosophical realism is usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters. Realism about a certain kind of thing (like numbers or morality) is the thesis that this kind of thing has ''mind-independent exi ...
, a position according to which our conceptual framework maps reality. According to philosopher Harold Noonan:
He has also made an influential contribution to
ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns m ...
. His 2006 book, ''Ethics. Twelve Lectures on the Philosophy of Morality'' defends a position he calls "moral objectivism".
He has written widely on other areas including
philosophy of language
In analytic philosophy, philosophy of language investigates the nature of language and the relations between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, intentionality, reference, ...
,
epistemology
Epistemology (; ), or the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics.
Episte ...
,
aesthetics
Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines aesthetic values, often expressed thr ...
and
political philosophy
Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them. Its topics include politics, l ...
.
A Festschrift, ''Essays for David Wiggins'' was published in 1996.
Legacy
Wiggins' distinguished pupils include:
John McDowell
John Henry McDowell, FBA (born 7 March 1942) is a South African philosopher, formerly a fellow of University College, Oxford, and now university professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Although he has written on metaphysics, epistemology, ...
,
Derek Parfit
Derek Antony Parfit (; 11 December 1942 – 1 or 2 January 2017) was a British philosopher who specialised in personal identity, rationality, and ethics. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of ...
,
Jonathan Westphal
Jonathan Westphal (born 1951) is an academic philosopher working on the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, philosophy of science, logic and philosophy of language and aesthetics. More recently he has become interested in issues in the philosophy o ...
,
Timothy Williamson
Timothy Williamson (born 1955) is a British philosopher whose main research interests are in philosophical logic, philosophy of language, epistemology and metaphysics. He is the Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford, and fell ...
and
Cheryl Misak
Cheryl J. Misak is a Canadian philosopher who works in pragmatism, the history of analytic philosophy, and bioethics. She is a University Professor at the University of Toronto, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a recipient of a Gugge ...
.
Selected writings
Books
* ''Identity and Spatio-Temporal Continuity'' (Oxford, 1967)
* ''Truth, Invention, and the Meaning of Life'' (Proceedings of the British Academy, 1976)
* ''Sameness and Substance'' (Harvard, 1980)
* ''Needs, Values, Truth'' (1987, 3rd ed., 1998, rev. 2002)
* ''Sameness and Substance Renewed'' (Cambridge, 2001)
* ''Ethics. Twelve Lectures on the Philosophy of Morality'' (Harvard, 2006)
* ''Solidarity and the Root of the Ethical'' (2008)
* ''Continuants. Their Activity, Their Being, and Their Identity'' (Oxford, 2016)
Articles
* "On Being in the Same Place at the same time", ''Philosophical Review'', vol. 77 (1968), pp. 90–95.
* "On Sentence-sense, Word-sense and Difference of Word-sense: Towards a Philosophical Theory of Dictionaries" (1971)
[In Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jakobovits (edd.) Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics and Psychology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 14-34.](link)* "Towards a reasonable libertarianism" (''Essays on Freedom of Action'', Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973)
* "Weakness of Will Commensurability, and the Objects of Deliberation and Desire" (''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'', 1978)
* "A Sensible Subjectivism?" (''Needs, Values, Truth: Essays in the Philosophy of Value'', New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, 185–214)
References
External links
Picture of Wiggins- on the Ryle Room page.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wiggins, David
1933 births
20th-century British non-fiction writers
20th-century English philosophers
20th-century essayists
21st-century British non-fiction writers
21st-century English philosophers
21st-century essayists
Analytic philosophers
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
Aristotelian philosophers
British male essayists
English logicians
English male non-fiction writers
Epistemologists
Fellows of New College, Oxford
Fellows of the British Academy
Fellows of University College, Oxford
Lecturers
Living people
Metaphilosophers
Metaphysicians
Moral philosophers
Ontologists
Philosophers of art
Philosophers of ethics and morality
Philosophers of language
Philosophers of logic
Philosophers of mind
Philosophy academics
Philosophy writers
Political philosophers
Presidents of the Aristotelian Society
Wykeham Professors of Logic