David P. Rowe on:  
[Wikipedia]  
[Google]  
[Amazon]
David Patrick Rowe (May 8, 1959 – January 12, 2018) was a Jamaican-American lawyer, professor, media commentator, corruption watchdog,
Commonwealth Caribbean
The Commonwealth Caribbean is the region of the Caribbean with English-speaking countries and territories, which once constituted the Caribbean portion of the British Empire and are now part of the Commonwealth of Nations. The term includes ma ...
country risk analyst and pioneer in the area of transnational law. He has spent most of his career as a litigator in Florida, along with serving as an adjunct professor at the
University of Miami School of Law
The University of Miami School of Law (Miami Law or UM Law) is the law school of the University of Miami, a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida.
Founded in 1926, the University of Miami School of Law is the oldest law school i ...
since 1989. He is one of the world's leading voices on the law of the Commonwealth Caribbean and the political economy of the wider Caribbean region, and his scholarly work and quotations have appeared in periodicals around the world. He is also frequently used as a media consultant with international publications, including the ''
Miami Herald'' and ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...
'' , among others.
Early life
Rowe was born to
Ira DeCordova Rowe, the president of the
Courts of Appeal of Jamaica and
Belize
Belize (; bzj, Bileez) is a Caribbean and Central American country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a wate ...
, along with a member of the Court of Appeal of Belize and of
the Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to 88% of the ar ...
. Rowe's mother, Audrey Stewart, was a sister tutor at the Nursing School of the
University of the West Indies. Rowe attended the
Wolmer's School in
Kingston, where he was awarded the Sydney McDonald Award upon graduation.
Education
In 1977, Rowe received the Exhibition Scholarship of Law from the
University of the West Indies. He received his
LLB
Bachelor of Laws ( la, Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B.) is an undergraduate law degree in the United Kingdom and most common law jurisdictions. Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the law degree awarded by universities in the People's Republic of Chi ...
from the
University of the West Indies (UWI) at
Cave Hill,
Barbados
Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It occupies an area of and has a population of about 287,000 (2019 estimate) ...
, in 1980, and received his
Juris Doctor from the
University of Miami School of Law
The University of Miami School of Law (Miami Law or UM Law) is the law school of the University of Miami, a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida.
Founded in 1926, the University of Miami School of Law is the oldest law school i ...
in 1982. He was also a
Rhodes Scholarship finalist for
Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...
in 1980 and 1981. While at UWI, he was active in
Amnesty International adoption group.
Career
Rowe is a member of the
Florida Bar
The Florida Bar is the integrated bar association for the state of Florida. It is the third largest such bar in the United States. Its duties include the regulation and discipline of attorneys. The Florida Bar is also responsible for the governi ...
and the
Jamaica Bar
The Jamaican Bar Association is a voluntary organisation of attorneys-at-law called to the Jamaican Bar. It was formed on 16 January 1973. The association is ''not'' a regulatory or disciplinary body and has no power to hear complaints again ...
. He began his career as an associate at the law firm
Greenberg Traurig
Greenberg Traurig is a multinational law firm founded in Miami in 1967. As of 2022, the Greenberg Traurig is the 9th largest law firm in the United States.
The firm has 43 offices in the United States, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and ...
in Miami, from 1982 to 1984, until he was hired by
Holland & Knight
Holland & Knight LLP is an American multinational law firm with more than 1,700 lawyers and other professionals in 35 offices in the United States, Europe, Latin America, and North Africa. Headquartered in Tampa, Florida, the firm provides repre ...
. At Greenberg, he worked with former US Ambassador
Ambler Moss and former Florida Governor
Reubin Askew
Reubin O'Donovan Askew (September 11, 1928 – March 13, 2014) was an Politics of the United States, American politician, who served as the 37th governor of Florida from 1971 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic P ...
. Rowe worked for Holland & Knight from 1984 to 1990, becoming a capital partner in 1988. At Holland, he worked with
Chesterfield Smith
Chesterfield Harvey Smith (July 28, 1917 – July 16, 2003) was an American lawyer. He co-founded the law firm Holland & Knight and served as president of the American Bar Association in 1973-1974, during the Watergate scandal.
Early life an ...
, the former president of the American Bar Association, and
Bill McBride. In 1991, he opened the law firm of David Rowe, P.A. Rowe has had success in federal and state court. He obtained acquittals in notable federal cases such as ''United States v. Joel Powell'' and ''United States v. Hargitay'', along with state cases such as ''State of Florida v. Lucille Sapp'' and ''State of Florida v. Sean Perry''. Rowe's expertise has seen him called as a witness to testify on the country conditions in Jamaica in several political asylum cases. He was the first chairman of the
American Bar Association
The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. Founded in 1878, the ABA's most important stated activities are the setting of aca ...
Caribbean Law Committee. He testified as an
expert in United States federal practice in the case of ''Dabdoub v. Vaz'', the historic dual-citizenship case in the Jamaica Supreme Court.
Rowe's first major criminal trial in US federal court was the landmark four-week trial of Nigel Bowe before Judge Lawrence King. Rowe used the Specialty Rule to dismiss 14 of the 15 charges. Bowe served eight years in federal detention, far fewer than the life sentences requested by federal prosecutors.
In 2011 Rowe represented Jamaican entertainer
Moses Davis (Beenie Man) after Davis's visa was canceled by the United States Consulate in Jamaica. The visa was restored and Beenie Man issued a press release thanking Rowe on July 27, 2011.
Rowe has been relied upon in US federal court as an expert witness on Jamaican political and legal issues by attorneys representing clients facing Removal. Rowe has also been an attorney of choice for Jamaican entertainers with US immigration issues.
In November 2013, the Jamaican-American Bar Association recognized Rowe as an "elder statesman" of the Jamaican legal community in the United States and for being a "singular pioneer" for the trans-Caribbean practice.
In December 2013, Rowe was recognized by a group of leading Jamaican attorneys for his 30th year of membership at the Florida Bar, as reported in the ''
Jamaica Observer''
At the end of 2013, Rowe spearheaded the launch of a program distributing computer tablets to underprivileged youths in the Whitfield Town area of
Kingston, as a tribute to his father's humble origins and academic excellence; "There is no reason why Kingston cannot be a hub of technological development", he said. Rowe was commended by the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation for his community efforts.
In early 2014, Rowe received a special award for commitment from the board of directors of
Temple Beth Ami of
Boca Raton, Florida.
In 2014, Rowe was the lead defense lawyer in a prominent Florida first-degree murder case involving a "
stand your ground
A stand-your-ground law (sometimes called "line in the sand" or "no duty to retreat" law) provides that people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense) ...
" motion.
In early April 2014, Rowe commenced his representation of Damion St Patrick Baston in a landmark human trafficking case in US jurisprudence before federal Judge Cecelia Altonaga, as the US seeks extraterritorial implementation of its domestic anti-trafficking policy.
Rowe's defense was noted by the ''Miami Herald'', when he argued that it was not a question of prostitution, but rather that there had been no coercion of any kind. Since prostitution in Australia was legal, he argued, the case was "much ado about nothing".
University of Miami School of Law
Rowe is an adjunct law professor at the
University of Miami School of Law
The University of Miami School of Law (Miami Law or UM Law) is the law school of the University of Miami, a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida.
Founded in 1926, the University of Miami School of Law is the oldest law school i ...
, having taught at the law school since 1989. In 2010, the school announced it would be adding a second Caribbean law course, taught by Rowe, Caribbean Law II, which would focus on articles for publication in the university's new ''Caribbean Law Yearbook'', co-founded by Rowe. Rowe coordinated the school's annual Marcus Garvey Seminar from 1999 to 2004, which commented on the teachings of
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Mosiah Garvey Sr. (17 August 188710 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African ...
and his legal and political philosophy. The seminar resumed at the University of Miami in the fall of 2012. At that seminar, Rowe called for a full presidential pardon for Garvey and called for the Jamaican government to have a portrait of Garvey in all government offices.
In 2013, at the invitation of Rowe, Jamaican Ambassador to the United States
Stephen Vasciannie visited the law school and gave a lecture on the durability and stability of the Jamaican constitution.
In 2014, Rowe chaired the seventh Marcus Garvey Seminar, focused on Garvey's philosophy of Pan-Africanism and the history of its connection to constitutional development in the Commonwealth Caribbean.
US-Jamaica extradition crisis
Rowe was one of the most outspoken advocates of the United States' stance in the
Christopher Coke extradition
Extradition is an action wherein one jurisdiction delivers a person accused or convicted of committing a crime in another jurisdiction, over to the other's law enforcement. It is a cooperative law enforcement procedure between the two jurisdi ...
crisis that began in the fall of 2009. During the crisis, he was a leading speaker on the issue, with his commentary appearing in news outlets such as the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
, Radio Russia and ''
Time
Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...
''. He also convened a symposium, the ''Caribbean Law Yearbook'' Conference, in November 2010, that was the first formal academic discussion of the events of the crisis. Rowe is a strong political supporter of the viability of the
Westminster constitutional model, which prevails in Caribbean constitutions of the English-speaking West Indies. He is a vocal advocate of significant United States economic support and diplomatic influence in the Caribbean region. Rowe endorsed the literal interpretation of treaty text during the crisis: he said the country should adhere to its obligations under the bilateral extradition treaty.
In September 2011, he wrote an op-ed in the ''
Caribbean Journal'' about Coke's guilty plea in US federal court in New York. Many observers partially attribute the resignation of Prime Minister
Bruce Golding
Orette Bruce Golding (born 5 December 1947) is a former Jamaican politician who served as eighth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 11 September 2007 to 23 October 2011. He is a member of the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), which he led from 2005 to h ...
to Rowe's specific incisive and investigative criticism on Jamaica radio of the political scandals in Golding's troubled four-year administration.
Transnational dialogue
From 1984 to 1990, Rowe was the
Registered Foreign Agent for Jamaica. While serving as Secretary to the Caribbean Research Development Foundation, Rowe, under the guidance of Sir Philip Sherlock, arranged for different
Caribbean leaders to speak in Miami in the 1980s, including the Rt. Hon.
Edward Seaga
Edward Philip George Seaga ( or ; 28 May 1930 – 28 May 2019) was a Jamaican politician. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Jamaica, from 1980 to 1989, and the leader of the Jamaica Labour Party from 1974 to 2005.[Cheddi Jagan
Cheddi Berret Jagan (22 March 1918 – 6 March 1997) was a Guyanese politician and dentist who was first elected Chief Minister in 1953 and later Premier of British Guiana from 1961 to 1964. He later served as President of Guyana from 199 ...]
of
Guyana, the Rt. Hon.
P.J. Patterson
Percival Noel James Patterson, popularly known as P.J. Patterson (born 10 April 1935), is a Jamaican former politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. He served in office for 14 years, making him the longe ...
of
Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...
and Sir
Lynden Pindling
Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling, NH, KCMG, PC, JP (22 March 193026 August 2000) was a Bahamian politician who is regarded as the "Father of the Nation" of the Bahamas, having led it to majority rule on 10 January 1967 and to independence on 10 Ju ...
of the
Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to 88% of the ar ...
. With Hon. Marie Wray and Hon. John Atkins of the Jamaican Consulate in Miami, Rowe prepared the Draft Constitution for the Jamaica Diaspora Movement in 1990.
Israel
Rowe, who is of Jewish descent through his maternal grandmother, has been one of the Caribbean's leading advocates for Israel, both from a pro-Zionist perspective and for the potential role Israel can play in helping to develop the Caribbean region.
Major positions and commentary
Rowe's strong anti-corruption and pro law enforcement positions are reflected in his writings and lectures at the University of Miami School of Law. He has pioneered the development of the trans-national Caribbean law program at the university which has encouraged exchange of scholarship between West Indian and First World legal scholars. Rowe's thesis that Commonwealth Caribbean Governments should try to operate with First World ethical standards has influenced both US and Caribbean policy makers. Rowe is an expert in the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and its extra territorial application particularly in the Caribbean. Rowe has been qualified in US federal court on numerous occasions on the subject of political and legal conditions in the Caribbean.
A law reform advocate, Rowe has publicly recommended that campaign finance legislation be adopted in the Commonwealth Caribbean to regulate political lobbying and make bribery of local politicians illegal;however, Campaign finance remains an unregulated legislative area in Jamaica today. In 2012, in a public lecture at the
Norman Manley Law School
The Norman Manley Law School is a law school in Jamaica.
Building and location
The Norman Manley Law School is located on the Mona campus of the University of the West Indies, yet it is a distinct and separate institution. Its building, design ...
in Kingston Jamaica, Rowe recommended that Jamaica adopt a speedy trial law to reduce its huge back log of criminal law cases and to expedite the period of time that incarcerated individuals in Jamaica have to wait for trial. Rowe has also condemned anti-homophobic domestic violence and violence to children in Jamaica, and has urged successive Governments in Jamaica to adopt corrective measures. Rowe is also an outspoken critic of the high murder rate in Jamaica, and relates it to connections between criminal narcotic elements and the political establishment in Jamaica. Rowe endorses the theory of Oxford Professor A. R. Dicey and relates his principles of the
rule of law to the Commonwealth Caribbean.
In his articles, Rowe supports Jamaica's membership in CARICOM and Jamaica's proposed affiliation to the
Caribbean Court of Justice
The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ; nl, Caribisch Hof van Justitie; french: Cour Caribéenne de Justice) is the judicial institution of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Established in 2005, it is based in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
...
. Rowe has a strong pro-Israeli world outlook and is opposed to Caricom's recognition of Palestine in the United Nations. Rowe believes in binding political and economic bilateral ties between Israel and Jamaica. He has continued to campaign for a stronger bilateral relationship between Jamaica and Israel.
He has also written several articles documenting the urgent need for campaign finance reform in the Commonwealth Caribbean, particularly in Jamaica.
He has also written extensively on the issues of corruption in the Turks and Caicos Islands, originating in the Sir Robin Auld Commission of Inquiry and has become a leading voice on the legal and political developments of the Turks and Caicos.
In November 2013, speaking with Newstalk 94, a major Jamaican radio program, Rowe argued that, despite the Westminster Model and the two-party system, Section 80 of the Jamaican Constitution accommodated the possibility of Jamaica having a splintered, or "coalition" Opposition. He also said the Governor General would always be obligated to determine which party other than the ruling party had the largest number of members of parliament. This obligation, he said, existed independent of internal party relations or elections.
In a later interview with Newstalk, Rowe addressed the question of whether a Senator should resign after engaging in an ultimately unsuccessful challenge for leadership of the political party nominating him. He suggested that there was a Constitutional Convention in the Jamaican Constitution to the effect that a Senator should resign if there was evidence of a lack of confidence expressed in him or her by the Prime Minister or the Opposition Leader, because of the essential nature of the Senate as an upper house. He cited the derivative relationship of the Senate with the House of Lords and the Westminster model origin of the Jamaican constitution as a basis for his legal reasoning. Two days later came the resignation of former Senator Dr Christopher Tufton in a similar circumstance.
In a December 2013 Op-Ed in
Caribbean Journal, Rowe identified the continued increase in the murder rate in Jamaica as a national crisis which required aggressive action by Prime Minister
Portia Simpson Miller. An address by the Prime Minister a week later reflected what seemed to be a policy shift by Simpson Miller on the crime problem.
In April 2014, Rowe was an outspoken opponent of a controversial measure introduced by the Jamaican government that would have levied a tax on all withdrawals from banks. Within a week after he published a scholarly Video Op-Ed criticizing the government's thinking on the matter, the government announced that it would be withdrawing the tax.
Caribbean Basin Security Initiative
Rowe is an outspoken advocate of the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative and the fight against
transnational crime Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international community. The term is commonly used in the law enforcement and academic c ...
. In an interview with WLRN in September 2013, Rowe pointed to a Jamaican murder rate that was still "out of control".
On Monday, October 7, 2013, Rowe appeared on the Independent Talk program on Jamaica's Power 106 to discuss the impact of the
Shanique Myrie case in the Caribbean Court of Justice. He said the decision also had to be jurisprudentially assessed in the framework of the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative, which sees drug smuggling as the biggest single threat to the domestic security of the region. He pointed out the US case ''
Bell v. Wolfish'', sets a standard of reasonable grounds for performing cavity searches was established, and recommended that the Bell standard be employed by Caribbean governments.
On October 8, 2013, in an interview with
RJR 94 FM
Radio Jamaica, also known as RJR 94 FM, and formerly Real Jamaican Radio, is a broadcast company in Jamaica with headquarters in Kingston.
History
On 9 July 1950, a commercial license to operate as a subsidiary of the British Rediffusion Grou ...
, Rowe emphasized the need for Commonwealth Caribbean governments to comply with the terms of the CBSI and its provisions relating to illicit drug trafficking and citizen security.
Expert witness
Due to his internationally acknowledged expertise on political, human rights and constitutional developments in Jamaica, Rowe has become a leading expert witness in United States federal court cases involving Jamaica and more recently in cases in the United Kingdom as well. Most recently, he served as an expert witness on country conditions in Jamaica for the International Human Rights Clinic at the University of Chicago Law School. His expert testimony for that clinic played a role in helping to save a Jamaican man from likely deportation and torture. Also in 2013, he assisted the Center for Applied Legal Studies at the Georgetown University Law Center in a major case involving Jamaican country conditions.
In July 2013, Rowe testified as an expert witness in the landmark dual citizenship case in the Cayman Islands involving Cayman Cabinet Minister Tara Rivers. Rowe testified that a US passport application was not simply an administrative act, but was an affirmation of allegiance to the United States.
In December 2014, Rowe contributed expertise to a case involving the question of whether a removal of a Jamaican national back from the United States to Jamaica could be prevented under the terms of the United Nations Convention on Torture.
In 2015, in what could become a landmark case for immigration law with respect to Jamaican political asylum seekers and withholding and removal, Rowe testified to the political affiliation of many gangs in Jamaica. Rowe's testimony was cited by the Immigration Judge as crucial to his that a Jamaican national was entitled to asylum, fearing political violence against his family. In Re Glasford Davis could become a seminal case in future Jamaican asylum proceedings. Rowe was called as an expert witness by noted Miami attorney Kenneth Panzer.
In the summer of 2016, Rowe offered expert opinion in written testimony in a United Kingdom immigration tribunal involving the issue of an asylum request by a Jamaican national in England.
''Caribbean Law Yearbook''
Rowe helped found the ''Caribbean Law Yearbook'' at the
University of Miami School of Law
The University of Miami School of Law (Miami Law or UM Law) is the law school of the University of Miami, a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida.
Founded in 1926, the University of Miami School of Law is the oldest law school i ...
, the first journal in the United States focusing entirely on the law of the
Commonwealth Caribbean, which will be published in the spring of 2011. It was the subject of the 2011 ''Caribbean Law Yearbook'' Conference, which was aired on Jamaican television, and was addressed by the Hon.
Peter Phillips
Peter Mark Andrew Phillips (born 15 November 1977) is a British businessman and the son of Anne, Princess Royal, and Captain Mark Phillips. He is the eldest nephew of King Charles III, and 17th in the line of succession to the British throne.
...
, Jamaica's current Minister of Finance.
Publications
In addition to his legal and political commentary, his work has been published in news outlets and journals, including "Debt Equity Reduction" in the ''International Law Yearbook'' and "The Abandonment Doctrine or Is Your Green Card Safe?" in Jamaca's ''
Gleaner''. He also has a regular column in the ''Jamaica Sunday Herald'', and authored the article "Trial By Jury: Is Trial by Jury protected in the Jamaican Constitution".
Fundamentally influenced by the writings of Professor Ralph Carnegie, Lord Diplock and his father Ira D. Rowe, David Rowe has theorized in several articles that the retention of the Westminster model constitution is essential to peace and stability in the Commonwealth Caribbean.
Rowe is also a frequent op-ed contributor to the ''
Caribbean Journal'' news site.
Books
Rowe is the author of ''Ira Rowe: Caribbean Lawyer'', which examines the life and career of his father from his beginnings as a Clerk of the Court to his rise to the presidency of the Court of Appeal of Belize and of Jamaica. It also takes the memories of those who knew him, including the Queen of the United Kingdom, who personally expressed her condolences upon his death through her Chief Clerk, Gill Middleburgh. In 2009 he published a short novella of Jamaican life called ''School Days'', which examines racial and social attitudes in contemporary Jamaica.
In 2013, Rowe co-authored, with Niyala Harrison and Jason Frederick Emert, the authoritative ''Aspects of Jamaican Constitutional History'', the first detailed legal analysis of the history of Jamaica's constitution. The book focuses on the application of the Westminster model to past and current Jamaican constitutional issues. The book was launched in Miami and Kingston in May 2013, including an event at the Hotel Four Seasons in Jamaica and subsequently distributed with a launch in Southeast St. Andrew a month later.
In attendance were Kingston Mayor
Angela Brown-Burke, constitutional scholars Abe Dabdoub and Lloyd Barnett and Ambassador Arnold Foote, current president of the World Federation of Consuls. In his speech at the launch, Rowe called for equal access to justice for all Jamaicans and use of the law to prevent violence to women and children in society. He also severely criticized the prevailing murder rate in Jamaica as being inconsistent with the Professor Dicey's rule of law concept.
Rowe's book was described in a review by the Jamaica ''Gleaner'' as an "epic 451-page work" which "explores the key movements and events in Jamaica's history."
Television
Rowe is a frequent television commentator, including appearances on ''
American Gangster''. Most recently, he was a featured commentator for an
A&E special on the 2010 Jamaican extradition crisis and the prosecution of
Christopher Coke.
In January 2015, Rowe was interviewed extensively on an episode of ''
18 Degrees North'', a Caribbean news magazine program, discussing the US-Jamaica relationship and issues relating to the synergy between US and Jamaican law enforcement.
End of Life
David Patrick Rowe (Husband)(May 8, 1959 – January 12, 2018)
Rosemarie Dorothea Robinson-Rowe (Wife)(March 3, 1956 - January 26, 2022)
References
External links
Lawyers who defend Caribbean Constitutional Rights in South Florida*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rowe, David
1959 births
2018 deaths
20th-century Jamaican lawyers
Holland & Knight partners
University of the West Indies alumni
University of Miami School of Law alumni