David Ing (born 1957) is a Canadian systems scientist, business architect,

management consultant Management consulting is the practice of providing consulting services to organizations to improve their performance or in any way to assist in achieving organizational objectives. Organizations may draw upon the services of management consultants ...

, and marketing scientist. He served as president of the

International Society for the Systems Sciences The International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS) is a worldwide organization for systems sciences. The overall purpose of the ISSS is: :"to promote the development of conceptual frameworks based on general system theory, as well as their ...

(2011-2012). Ing was employed by IBM Canada from 1985 to 2012, with assignments as a

solution architect Solution may refer to: * Solution (chemistry), a mixture where one substance is dissolved in another * Solution (equation), in mathematics ** Numerical solution, in numerical analysis, approximate solutions within specified error bounds * Solutio ...

, industry sales specialist and headquarters planner. David Ing
Antony Upward
an
Peter H. Jones
cofounde
Systems Thinking Ontario
at the end of 2012. This is a transdisciplinary group that has convened open monthly discussions across universities in the Toronto area for over five years. In 2018, he published a book, ''Open Innovation Learning: Theory building on open sourcing while private sourcing''Video of the openinnovationlearning.com book launch at OCADU Toronto, February 21, 201

/ref> based on doctoral research at the

Aalto University School of Science Aalto University ( fi, Aalto-yliopisto; sv, Aalto-universitetet) is a public research university located in Espoo, Finland. It was established in 2010 as a merger of three major Finnish universities: the Helsinki University of Technology, the He ...

. A foreword to the volume was contributed by

Jim Spohrer James C. Spohrer (born c. 1956) is a computer scientist best known for having led the development of a new ''science of service systems'', often known as service science, management and engineering. In spring 2017, Spohrer was named aDirector, C ...

Biography

Ing received a B.Comm. from the Faculty of Commerce and

Trinity College Trinity College may refer to: Australia * Trinity Anglican College, an Anglican coeducational primary and secondary school in , New South Wales * Trinity Catholic College, Auburn, a coeducational school in the inner-western suburbs of Sydney, New ...

at the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...

in 1980, and in 1982 an MBA from the

Kellogg School of Management The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University (also known as Kellogg) is the business school of Northwestern University, a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1908, Kellogg is one of the oldest and most p ...

Northwestern University Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Charte ...

. He was a doctoral student in business strategy at the Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration at the

University of British Columbia The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public university, public research university with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna, British Columbia. Established in 1908, it is British Columbia's oldest university. The university ranks a ...

from 1982 to 1984, which he stopped in favour of continuing research in a corporate business setting. In 2003 he restarted a Ph.D. program in Industrial Engineering and Management at the

Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; fi, Teknillinen korkeakoulu; sv, Tekniska högskolan) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the metropolitan area of Greater Helsinki. The university was founded in ...

,About David Ing
at systemicbusiness.org. Accessed May 24, 2009. which has evolved to become the

. Ing started work at IBM Canada headquarters in 1985 as a business analyst modelling

econometrics Econometrics is the application of Statistics, statistical methods to economic data in order to give Empirical evidence, empirical content to economic relationships.M. Hashem Pesaran (1987). "Econometrics," ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of ...

. In 1987, he became a retail industry marketing specialist, working in

decision support systems A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and h ...

with retail and consumer packaged goods customers. From 1992, he became a senior

in a series of promotions through IBM Consulting Group, IBM Advanced Business Institute in

Palisades, New York Palisades, formerly known as Sneden's Landing (pronounced SNEE-dens), is a hamlet in the Town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York. It is located north of Rockleigh and Alpine, New Jersey; east of Tappan; south of Sparkill; and west o ...

, IBM Business Innovation Services, IBM Business Consulting Services, and IBM Global Business Services. From 2006 he was a business architect with IBM Software Group, in pre-sales consultative selling roles with the Industry Business Value Assessments North America team, and then Websphere Technical Sales through 2012. He opted for an early retirement from IBM after 28 years of service.

Personal

He received his primary and secondary school education in

Gravenhurst, Ontario Gravenhurst is a town in the Muskoka Region of Ontario, Canada. It is located approximately south of Bracebridge, Ontario. Mayor Paul Kelly was . The Town of Gravenhurst includes a large area of the District of Muskoka, known to Ontarians as ...

before studying at the

. After his graduate studies in

Evanston, Illinois Evanston ( ) is a city, suburb of Chicago. Located in Cook County, Illinois, United States, it is situated on the North Shore along Lake Michigan. Evanston is north of Downtown Chicago, bordered by Chicago to the south, Skokie to the west, Wil ...

and

Vancouver, British Columbia Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...

, he has been a resident of

Toronto, Ontario Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...

since 1985.

Work

Marketing science

From 1988 to 1993, David Ing was assigned by IBM to roles in market development of decision support systems with retail industry customers. In this role, he developed prototype applications in merchandise planning and

category management Category management is a retailing and purchasing concept in which the range of products purchased by a business organization or sold by a retailer is broken down into discrete groups of similar or related products; these groups are known as pro ...

on the Metaphor Data Interpretation System, as it evolved to become an IBM product. This experience led to his joining IBM Consulting Group in 1994 as IT Strategy Consultant, and then leading a First-of-a-Kind project with

IBM Research IBM Research is the research and development division for IBM, an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries. IBM Research is the largest industrial research org ...

. In 1990, Ing was a cofounder of the Canadian Centre for Marketing Information Technologies at the University of Toronto Faculty of Management, with Andrew A. Mitchell and Ray Serpkenci. This led to his teaching an experimental second-year MBA course for two years on "Marketing Information Technologies" as well as his co-authorship of two chapters published in ''The Marketing Information Revolution''.

Sense-and-respond support system

According to Haeckel (1999), a business "has the two options to make offers to customers or to respond to their request. The essential difference separates the make-and-sell from sense-and-respond organizations. At the enterprise level, these two require fundamentally different organizing principles. The make-and-sell company is conceived as efficient machine for making and selling offers, while the sense-and-respond company needs to respond as an adaptive system anticipating unaccepted requests". Sense-and-respond systems became increasingly necessary as their technologies and principles advanced. Working with Ian Simmonds in 1998, Ing developed a sense-and-respond support system specification which was not tied to any particular technology platform. It demonstrated the following key features: * A complete representation of the firm's organizational context * Support of collaborative decision processes * Status tracking of commitments using protocols The declaration of an organizational context and commitment protocols were influenced by the

Language Action Perspective The language/action perspective "takes language as the primary dimension of human cooperative activity," applied not just in person-to-person direct (face-to-face) interactions, but also in the design of systems mediated by information and communica ...

, as developed by

Fernando Flores Carlos Fernando Flores Labra (born January 9, 1943) is a Chilean engineer, entrepreneur and politician. He is a former cabinet minister of president Salvador Allende and was senator for the Arica and Parinacota and Tarapacá regions between 20 ...

and

Terry Winograd Terry Allen Winograd (born February 24, 1946) is an American professor of computer science at Stanford University, and co-director of the Stanford Human–Computer Interaction Group. He is known within the philosophy of mind and artificial intell ...

. The collaborative decision processes were influenced by the design of inquiring systems as described by

C. West Churchman Charles West Churchman (29 August 1913 – 21 March 2004) was an American philosopher and systems scientist, who was Professor at the School of Business Administration and Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of California ...

and

Ian Mitroff Ian Irving Mitroff (born 1938) is an American organizational theorist, consultant and Professor Emeritus at the USC Marshall School of Business and the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California He is noted for a wi ...

, and through the collaboration of

Vincent Barabba Vincent Barabba (born September 6, 1934) is an American market researcher, author, former head of the United States Census Bureau, and the chairman and co-founder of Market Insight Corporation. He is known for his work in the field of market res ...

with

Gerald Zaltman Gerald Zaltman is the Joseph C. Wilson Professor Emeritus at Harvard Business School and the author and editor of 20 books, most recently ''How Customers Think'' (2003) and ''Marketing Metaphoria'' (2008). In 1997 he founded the market research ...

Business architecture, organization and technology

Between 1997 and 2001, David Ing was assigned as adjunct faculty to the IBM Advanced Business Institute, located in Palisades, New York, as Stephan H. Haeckel was writing the ''Adaptive Enterprise'' book. During this time, Ing collaborated with Ian D. Simmonds at

, on shearing layers approaches to the design of organizations and information technologies, based on the idea of the evolutionary view of

How Buildings Learn ''How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built'' is an illustrated book on the evolution of buildings and how buildings adapt to changing requirements over long periods. It was written by Stewart Brand and published by Viking Press in ...

Stewart Brand Stewart Brand (born December 14, 1938) is an American writer, best known as editor of the ''Whole Earth Catalog''. He founded a number of organizations, including The WELL, the Global Business Network, and the Long Now Foundation. He is the auth ...

. In 2009 he was researching relational governance in business alliances, and methods for systemic change in organizations.

Systems sciences

David Ing became a member of the

in 1998, contributing digests of the ISSS Atlanta meeting. He served as chair of the Special Integration Group on Systems Applications in Business and Industry from 2002 to 2009. Acting as webmaster between 2003-2007, he was elected as Vice-President of Communications and Systems Education (2005-2009), and then Vice-President of Research and Publications (2008-2010). In his role as president (2011-2012), he led the ISSS 2012 meeting in

San Jose, California San Jose, officially San José (; ; ), is a major city in the U.S. state of California that is the cultural, financial, and political center of Silicon Valley and largest city in Northern California by both population and area. With a 2020 popul ...

. As a member of the

International Council on Systems Engineering The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE; pronounced in-co-see) is a not-for-profit membership organization and professional society in the field of systems engineering. INCOSE has about 17000 members including individual members, ...

(INCOSE), he brought together the systems sciences and

systems engineering Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design, integrate, and manage complex systems over their enterprise life cycle, life cycles. At its core, systems engineering util ...

communities as a cofounder of the Systems Sciences Working Group. In his research, Ing has been most influenced by the work of

Russell L. Ackoff Russell Lincoln Ackoff (February 12, 1919 – October 29, 2009) was an American organizational theorist, consultant, and Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Management Science at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Ackoff was a pion ...

, David L. Hawk and Timothy F. H. Allen. In 1999, he contributed a paper to the Villanova conference honouring Ackoff on his 80th birthday. Course development and delivery in the inaugural courses on

systems thinking Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective actio ...

for the master's degree Programme in Creativity Sustainability at

Aalto University Aalto University ( fi, Aalto-yliopisto; sv, Aalto-universitetet) is a public research university located in Espoo, Finland. It was established in 2010 as a merger of three major Finnish universities: the Helsinki University of Technology, the He ...

were led by Ing. In October 2010, he lectured on "Systemic Thinking of Sustainable Communities" and in February 2011, he lectured on "Systemic Thinking for Planners and Designers". Ing has been invited to a series of the biannual conversations of the

International Federation for Systems Research The International Federation for Systems Research (IFSR) is an international federation for global and local societies in the field of systems science. This federation is a non-profit, scientific and educational agency founded in 1980, and constitu ...

, contributing to the proceedings of the IFSR Conversation 2010 Pernegg, Fusch Conversation 2008, Fuschl Conversation 2006 and Fuschl Conversation 2004. He is a research fellow at the

University of Hull The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull ...

Centre for Systems Studies, and was co-founder of the Systemic Business Community. In 2008, he received the best student paper award at the UK Systems Society Conference at the Oxford University.

Service systems science

David Ing was early in the development of research into

service science, management and engineering Service science, management, and engineering (SSME) is a term introduced by IBM to describe an interdisciplinary approach to the study and innovation of service systems. More precisely, SSME has been defined as the application of science, managem ...

, due to his affiliation with

since the ISSS 2005 Cancun meeting, and through communities internal to IBM. On service systems, Ing has been most influenced by the Theory of the Offering developed by Richard Normann and Rafael Ramirez. He is known for bringing the perspectives of

and systems sciences to designing and managing services. Through

Kyoichi Kijima Kyoichi Jim Kijima (木嶋恭一, born 1951) is a Japanese systems scientist and professor of Decision Systems Science at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. Biography Jim Kijima received an M.A. from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1976 and a ...

, David Ing has been a visiting scholar to the

Tokyo Institute of Technology is a national research university located in Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. Tokyo Tech is the largest institution for higher education in Japan dedicated to science and technology, one of first five Designated National University and selected as ...

in the development of their Service Systems Science Research in 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008. In 2006 through 2008, Ing was a researcher on Rendez research project on business innovation implementation in Finland, funded by Tekes. In parallel, he was co-developer and instructor in the master's degree Program in Service Business Management at

Helsinki Polytechnic Stadia Helsinki Polytechnic Stadia ( fi, Helsingin ammattikorkeakoulu Stadia) was a multidisciplinary institution of higher education, at its time one of the biggest polytechnics in Finland. Helsinki Polytechnic Stadia offered students an internation ...

. In the period between 2001 and 2006, this research into services systems science was shaped by Ing's position in IBM Business Consulting Services as a senior management consultant.

Open Innovation Learning

Seven cases involving IBM between 2001-2011 with open sourcing communities into

open innovation Open innovation is a term used to promote an information age mindset toward innovation that runs counter to the secrecy and silo mentality of traditional corporate research labs. The benefits and driving forces behind increased openness have bee ...

were synthesized into new theories through a multiparadigm inquiry method. Three

descriptive theory In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a speech community. François & Ponsonnet (2013). All acad ...

streams are proposed alongside 3

paradigms In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. Etymology ''Paradigm'' comes f ...

: * a theory of

Quality Quality may refer to: Concepts *Quality (business), the ''non-inferiority'' or ''superiority'' of something *Quality (philosophy), an attribute or a property *Quality (physics), in response theory *Energy quality, used in various science discipli ...

-generating sequencing, in a paradigm of Architectural problem seeking; * a theory of

Affordances Affordance is what the environment offers the individual. American psychologist James J. Gibson coined the term in his 1966 book, ''The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems'', and it occurs in many of his earlier essays. However, his best-kno ...

wayfaring, in a paradigm of Inhabiting disclosive spaces; and * a theory of Anticipatory appreciating in a paradigm of Governing subworlds. Three

normative theory Normative generally means relating to an evaluative standard. Normativity is the phenomenon in human societies of designating some actions or outcomes as good, desirable, or permissible, and others as bad, undesirable, or impermissible. A norm in ...

streams are proposed along a paradigm of co-responsive movement: * a theory of Innovation learning for (based on enskilling attentionality and

episteme In philosophy, episteme (; french: épistémè) is a term that refers to a principle system of understanding (i.e., knowledge), such as scientific knowledge or practical knowledge. The term comes from the Ancient Greek verb grc, ἐπῐ́ ...

); * a theory of Innovation learning by (based on weaving flows in form-giving, and

techne In philosophy, techne (; , ) is a term that refers to making or doing, which in turn is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "Teks-" meaning "to weave," also "to fabricate". As an activity, ''technē'' is concrete, variable, and context-depe ...

); * a theory of Innovation learning alongside (based on agencing strands, and

phronesis ''Phronesis'' ( grc, φρόνησῐς, phrónēsis), translated into English by terms such as prudence, practical virtue and practical wisdom, or, colloquially, sense (as in "good sense", "horse sense") is an ancient Greek word for a type of w ...

Teleonomy Teleonomy is the quality of apparent purposefulness and of goal-directedness of structures and functions in living organisms brought about by natural processes like natural selection. The term derives from the Greek "τελεονομία", compound ...

learns from

teleology Teleology (from and )Partridge, Eric. 1977''Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English'' London: Routledge, p. 4187. or finalityDubray, Charles. 2020 912Teleology" In ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' 14. New York: Robert Appleton ...

in a philosophy of

alternative stable states In ecology, the theory of alternative stable states (sometimes termed alternate stable states or alternative stable equilibria) predicts that ecosystems can exist under multiple "states" (sets of unique biotic and abiotic conditions). These alterna ...

Selected publications

Ing has published several books and papers, books, a selection:See als
David Ing
Google scholar profile * * 1998.
Separating Context and Coordination: Lessons from Design Wisdom and Social Theory Leading to Adaptivity Through Shearing Layers
'' With Ian Simmonds. IBM Research Reports. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1998. ;2000s * 2000.
A Shearing Layers Approach to Information Systems Development
'. With Ian Simmonds. IBM Research Reports. * 2000
Managing by wire, revisited
With Ian Simmonds. IBM Advanced Business Institute White Paper, 2000. * 2003
"Governance and the practice of management in long-term inter-organizational relations"
With David Hawk, Ian Simmonds and Marianne Kosits. In: ''Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences at Hersonissos, Crete, July 6–11, 2003''. * * * 2008
"Business Models and Evolving Economic Paradigms: A Systems Science Approach"
In: ''Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Conference of the International Society for the Systems Sciences'', (

Jennifer Wilby Jennifer M. Wilby (born 1953) is an American and UK management scientist, and past director of the Centre for Systems Studies, and a senior lecturer and researcher in management systems and sciences in The Business School, University of Hull. Sh ...

, editor), presented at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, July 16, 2008. * July 2009.
Envisioning Innovation in Service Systems: Induction, Abduction and Deduction
" In ''Proceedings of the 53rd Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences'', presented at Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada, July 2009. ;2010s * August 2010. "The Science of Service Systems." With Norimasa Kobayashi, Allenna Leonard, Gary Metcalf, Todd Bowers, Janet Singer and Jennifer Wilby. In
Proceedings of the Fifteenth IFSR Conversation
', (Gerhard Chroust and Gary S. Metcalf, editors), Institute for Systems Engineering and Automation, University of Linz, SEA-SR-28, August 2010. * October 2010. "Panel on Service Systems and Systems Sciences in the Twenty-First Century." In ''INCOSE Insight'', the quarterly magazine of the International Council on Systems Engineering. * June 2011.
Systems Science and Systems Engineering Synergies
" Gary S. Metcalf and David Ing, with Duane Hybertson, Harold "Bud" Lawson, Jennifer M. Wilby, Len Troncale and Hillary Sillitto. A report by a project team of the Systems Science Working Group at the INCOSE International Symposium 2012. * July 2011.
Systems Thinking Courses in the Master's Programme on Creative Sustainability at Aalto University: Reflections on Design and Delivery of the 2010-2011 Sessions
" In ''Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences'', presented at the University of Hull, United Kingdom, July 2008. * * * * *

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ing, David 1957 births Living people IBM employees Kellogg School of Management alumni People from Gravenhurst, Ontario Canadian systems scientists Trinity College (Canada) alumni UBC Sauder School of Business alumni University of Toronto alumni Open source advocates Presidents of the International Society for the Systems Sciences