Data management comprises all
disciplines related to handling
data as a valuable resource.
Concept
The concept of data management arose in the 1980s as technology moved from
sequential processing (first
punched cards, then
magnetic tape
Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany in 1928, based on the earlier magnetic wire recording from Denmark. Devices that use magne ...
) to
random access
Random access (more precisely and more generally called direct access) is the ability to access an arbitrary element of a sequence in equal time or any datum from a population of addressable elements roughly as easily and efficiently as any othe ...
storage. Since it was now possible to store a discrete fact and quickly access it using random access
disk
Disk or disc may refer to:
* Disk (mathematics), a geometric shape
* Disk storage
Music
* Disc (band), an American experimental music band
* ''Disk'' (album), a 1995 EP by Moby
Other uses
* Disk (functional analysis), a subset of a vector sp ...
technology, those suggesting that data management was more important than
business process management used arguments such as "a customer's home address is stored in 75 (or some other large number) places in our computer systems." However, during this period, random access processing was not competitively fast, so those suggesting "process management" was more important than "data management" used batch processing time as their primary argument. As
application software evolved into real-time,
interactive
Across the many fields concerned with interactivity, including information science, computer science, human-computer interaction, communication, and industrial design, there is little agreement over the meaning of the term "interactivity", but mo ...
usage, it became obvious that both management processes were important. If the data was not well defined, the data would be mis-used in applications. If the process wasn't well defined, it was impossible to meet user needs.
Topics
Topics in data management include:
#
Data governance
#*
Data asset
In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted. ...
#*
Data governance
#*
Data trustee
In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted. ...
#*
Data custodian or guardian
#*
Data steward
#*
Data subject
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation on data protection and privacy in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and of human rights law, in partic ...
#*
Data ethics
#
Data architecture
#*
Data architecture
#*
Dataflows
In computing, dataflow is a broad concept, which has various meanings depending on the application and context. In the context of software architecture, data flow relates to stream processing or reactive programming.
Software architecture
Dataf ...
#
Data modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques.
Overview
Data modeling is a process used to define and analyze data requirements needed to suppo ...
and
design
# Database and storage management
#* Data maintenance
#*
Database administration
#*
Database management system
In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases span ...
#*
Business continuity planning
#*
Hierarchical storage management
#* Data
subsetting In research communities (for example, earth sciences, astronomy, business, and government), subsetting is the process of retrieving just the parts (a subset) of large files which are of interest for a specific purpose. This occurs usually in a clien ...
#
Data security
#*
Data access
#*
Data erasure
#*
Data privacy
#*
Data security
# Reference and master data
#*
Data integration
#*
Master data management
#*
Reference data
#
Data Integration and inter-operability
#* Data movement (
ETL,
ELT
ELT may refer to:
Education
* English language teaching
* Expanded learning time, an American education strategy
* Kolb's experiential learning theory
Mathematics and science
* Ending lamination theorem
* Extremely large telescope, a type ...
)
#* Data interoperability
# Documents and content
#*
Document management system
#*
Records management
Records management, also known as records and information management, is an organizational function devoted to the information management, management of information in an organization throughout its records life-cycle, life cycle, from the time of ...
# Data warehousing and business intelligence and Analytics
#*
Business intelligence
#*
Data analysis
Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, enco ...
and
data mining
#*
Data warehouse and
data mart
#*
Data analytics
# Metadata
#*
Metadata management
Metadata management involves managing metadata about other data, whereby this "other data" is generally referred to as content data. The term is used most often in relation to digital media, but older forms of metadata are catalogs, dictionaries ...
#*
Metadata
Metadata is "data that provides information about other data", but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself. There are many distinct types of metadata, including:
* Descriptive metadata – the descriptive ...
#*
Metadata discovery In metadata, metadata discovery (also metadata harvesting) is the process of using automated tools to discover the semantics of a data element in data sets. This process usually ends with a set of mappings between the data source elements and a cent ...
#*
Metadata publishing
#*
Metadata registry
#
Data quality
#*
Data discovery
#*
Data cleansing
#*
Data integrity
#*
Data enrichment
In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted. ...
#*
Data quality assurance
#*
Secondary data
Usage
In modern
management usage, the term ''data'' is increasingly replaced by ''
information'' or even ''
knowledge'' in a non-technical context. Thus data management has become
information management
Information management (IM) concerns a cycle of organizational activity: the acquisition of information from one or more sources, the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need it, and its ultimate disposal throug ...
or
knowledge management. This trend obscures the
raw data processing and renders interpretation implicit. The distinction between data and derived value is illustrated by the information ladder.
However, data has staged a comeback with the popularisation of the term
big data
Though used sometimes loosely partly because of a lack of formal definition, the interpretation that seems to best describe Big data is the one associated with large body of information that we could not comprehend when used only in smaller am ...
, which refers to the collection and analyses of massive sets of data.
Several organisations have established data management centers (DMC) for their operations.
See also
*
Open data
*
FAIR data
FAIR data are data which meet principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR). The acronym and principles were defined in a March 2016 paper in the journal ''Scientific Data'' by a consortium of scientists and ...
*
Pseudonymization
*
Information architecture
*
Enterprise architecture
*
Information design
Information design is the practice of presenting information in a way that fosters an efficient and effective understanding of the information. The term has come to be used for a specific area of graphic design related to displaying information ...
*
Information system
*
Controlled vocabulary
*
Data curation
*
Data retention
*
Data Management Association
*
Data management plan
*
Data mesh
Data mesh is a sociotechnical approach to build a decentralized data architecture by leveraging a domain-oriented, self-serve design (in a software development perspective), and borrows Eric Evans’ theory of domain-driven design and Manuel Pais†...
, a domain-oriented data architecture
*
Computer data storage
*
Data proliferation
*
Digital preservation
*
Document management
*
Enterprise content management
Enterprise content management (ECM) extends the concept of content management by adding a timeline for each content item and, possibly, enforcing processes for its creation, approval and distribution. Systems using ECM generally provide a secure ...
*
Hierarchical storage management
*
Information repository
*
Machine-readable documents
*
Performance report A performance report is a report on the performance of something. They are routinely produced by government bodies which, being financed by public money, are required to show that the money was spent efficiently and usefully. Such reports will co ...
*
System integration
System integration is defined in engineering as the process of bringing together the component sub- systems into one system (an aggregation of subsystems cooperating so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality) and ensuring ...
*
Customer data integration
*
Identity management
*
Identity theft
*
Data theft
*
ERP software
*
CRM software
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a process in which a business or other organization administers its interactions with customers, typically using data analysis to study large amounts of information.
CRM systems compile data from a r ...
References
External links
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