Dansranbilegiin Dogsom ( mn, Дансранбилэгийн Догсом; 1884 – July 27, 1941) was a prominent
Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
n revolutionary leader and post-Revolution
political figure
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...
in
Mongolian People's Republic
The Mongolian People's Republic ( mn, Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс, БНМАУ; , ''BNMAU''; ) was a socialist state which existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia in East Asia. It w ...
. He served as
Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural (titular head of state) of the
Mongolian People's Republic
The Mongolian People's Republic ( mn, Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс, БНМАУ; , ''BNMAU''; ) was a socialist state which existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia in East Asia. It w ...
from 1936 until he was purged in 1939.
Early life and career
Dogsom was born in 1884 in present-day
Bayan-Ovoo district of
Khentii Province
Khentii ( mn, Хэнтий) is one of the 21 Aimags of Mongolia, aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in the east of the country. Its capital is Chinggis City. The aimag is named after the Khentii Mountains. It is best known as the birthplace ...
. Literate at an early age, he first worked as a scribe in his district and provincial assemblies, and then at the ministry of finance during the
Bogd Khaanate
The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia ( mn, , Богд хаант Монгол Улс; ) was the government of Outer Mongolia between 1911 and 1919 and again from 1921 to 1924. By the spring of 1911, some prominent Mongol nobles including Prince Tögs-O ...
. In 1915 he participated as a scribe in negotiations that led to the
Treaty of Kyakhta
The Treaty of Kyakhta (or Kiakhta),, ; , Xiao'erjing: بُلِيًاصِٿِ\ٿِاكْتُ تِيَوْيُؤ; mn, Хиагтын гэрээ, Hiagtiin geree, along with the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), regulated the relations between Imperial ...
.
Outer Mongolian revolution of 1921
In 1919 Dogsom joined the revolutionary resistance group Züün Khüree (East Khüree), which counted
Soliin Danzan
Soliin Danzan ( mn, Солийн Данзан; 1885–1924)Batbayar, Ts. (1996). ''Modern Mongolia: A Concise History.'' Offset Printing, Mongolian Center for Scientific and Technological Information was a central figure in Mongolia's early revo ...
and
Damdin Sükhbaatar
Damdin Sükhbaatar ( mn, Дамдины Сүхбаатар, Damdinii Sühbaatar, ; February 2, 1893 – February 20, 1923) was a Mongolian communist revolutionary, founding member of the Mongolian People's Party, and leader of the Mongolia ...
among its members. On June 25, 1920, Züün Khüree merged with the Konsulyn Denj group (
Dambyn Chagdarjav
Dambyn Chagdarjav (Mongolian language, Mongolian: Дамбын Чагдаржав; ; 1880 – August 31, 1922) was a Mongolian revolutionary and one of the “first seven” founders of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) in 1920. He was named pr ...
,
Darizavyn Losol
Darizavyn Losol ( mn, Дарьжавын Лосол ; April 15, 1890 – July 25, 1940) was a revolutionary leader and post-Revolution governmental figure in Mongolia until he was purged in 1939.
Early life
Losol (or "Darizhavyn" or "Darijavyn" ...
,
Khorloogiin Choibalsan
Khorloogiin Choibalsan ( mn, Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, spelled ''Koroloogiin Çoibalsan'' before 1941; 8 February 1895 – 26 January 1952) was the leader of Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) and Marshal (general chief com ...
, and
Dogsomyn Bodoo
Dogsomyn Bodoo, (1885–1922) was a prominent early 20th century Mongolian politician who was one of the founding members of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. He was elected leader of the provisional revolutionary government and fol ...
) to become the
Mongolian People’s Party
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social democratic political party in Mongolia. It was founded as a communist party in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia.
The party played an important role i ...
(MPP), later renamed the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) in 1924. He was one of seven original revolutionaries, "the first seven", to travel to the
Soviet Russia
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
in 1920 to establish first contacts with the Bolsheviks and seek assistance with their revolutionary struggle. In advance of the revolution, Dogsom and Bodoo returned to
Khüree, where they worked to enlarge the party's membership and form an army.
After the
Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921
The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 (Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921, or People's Revolution of 1921) was a military and political event by which Mongolian revolutionaries, with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army, expelled Russian White Guar ...
Dogsom held a series of positions within the revolutionary government including in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of War, the MPP Central Committee, and the Economic Council. He was a counselor in the border districts of
Khovd Province
Khovd ( mn, Ховд, Howd, ) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in the west of the country. Its capital is also named Khovd.
The Khovd province is approximately 1,580 km from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia's capital. It take ...
(1924-1926), First Secretary at the Mongolian Embassy in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
(1926-1927), again counselor at
Altanbulag (1928-1929), Director of the
Revolutionary Museum and Mayor of
Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar (; mn, Улаанбаатар, , "Red Hero"), previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It is the coldest capital city in the world, on average. The municipality is located in north ce ...
from 1930 to 1932, and then Mongolia's representative to
Tuvan People's Republic
The Tuvan People's Republic (TPR; tyv, Тыва Арат Республик, translit=Tywa Arat Respublik; Yanalif: ''Tьʙа Arat Respuʙlik'', ),) and abbreviated TAR. known as the Tannu Tuva People's Republic until 1926, was a partially rec ...
from 1933 to 1934. In February–March 1936, Dogsom was elected to the Presidium (or Politburo) of the MPRP Central Committee and concurrently as Chairman of the Little Khural, making him titular head of state.
Purge
Shortly after becoming Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Khural in 1936, Dogsom and Prime Minister
Anandyn Amar
Anandyn Amar ( mn, Анандын Амар; 1886 – July 10, 1941) was the head of state of the Mongolian People’s Republic from 1932 to 1936 and twice served as prime minister from 1928–1930 and again from 1936–1939. A widely respected p ...
aggravated Interior Minister Choibalsan and Moscow alike when they pardoned prisoners implicated in the
Lkhümbe spy ring case in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of the
revolution
In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
. Dogsom's enemies, particularly Choibalsan, used the event to connect him to the fictitious spy ring and accuse him of being in league with Japanese imperialists.
In July 1939 as the
Stalinist repressions in Mongolia
The Stalinist repressions in Mongolia ( mn, Их Хэлмэгдүүлэлт, Ikh Khelmegdüülelt, ''"Great Repression"'') refers to an 18 month period of heightened political violence and persecution in the Mongolian People's Republic between ...
drew to a close,
Choibalsan arranged the arrest of Dogsom and
Darizavyn Losol
Darizavyn Losol ( mn, Дарьжавын Лосол ; April 15, 1890 – July 25, 1940) was a revolutionary leader and post-Revolution governmental figure in Mongolia until he was purged in 1939.
Early life
Losol (or "Darizhavyn" or "Darijavyn" ...
on charges of counterrevolution. Besides Choibalsan himself, the two were the last remaining members of the original "First Seven" founders of the MPP. He was sent to Moscow and tried on July 8, 1941 under Soviet authorities. He was executed on July 27 of the same year.
Dogsom was
rehabilitated and reinstated as a party member according to a proclamation of the Rehabilitation Commission made on January 25, 1967
Notes
References
Biography and SourcesBiography on the Official Website of the Mayor of Ulaanbaatar
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogsom, Dansrabilegiin
1884 births
1941 deaths
Speakers of the State Great Khural
Mongolian People's Party politicians
Mongolian communists
Heads of state of Mongolia
Ambassadors of Mongolia
Communist rulers
Communism in Mongolia
Great Purge victims from Mongolia
Mongolian people executed abroad
Soviet rehabilitations
People from Khentii Province
Mongolian revolutionaries
Executed communists
Executed revolutionaries