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Danilo S. Balete (1960 in the
Bicol Region Bicol, known formally as the Bicol Region or colloquially as Bicolandia ( bcl, Rehiyon kan Bikol; Rinconada Bikol: ''Rehiyon ka Bikol''; Waray Sorsogon, Masbateño: ''Rehiyon san Bikol''; tl, Rehiyon ng Bikol), is an administrative region of ...
of the Philippines – July 1, 2017), also known as Danny Balete, was a Filipino
zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...
and
biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual Cell (biology), cell, a multicellular organism, or a Community (ecology), community of Biological inter ...
. His is known for his work on the Philippines' endemic mammal species. He pursued the question of what determines species diversity. The research by Balete and his team overturned previously held notions that diversity decreased in mountainous regions, showing that harsh environments could generate, rather than suppress, species diversity. His research also included non-mammals and plants. He is credited for the discovery of several species of ''
Rafflesia ''Rafflesia'' () is a genus of parasitic flowering plants in the family Rafflesiaceae. The species have enormous flowers, the buds rising from the ground or directly from the lower stems of their host plants; one species has the largest flowers i ...
''.


Early life and education

Balete grew up in the
Bicol Region Bicol, known formally as the Bicol Region or colloquially as Bicolandia ( bcl, Rehiyon kan Bikol; Rinconada Bikol: ''Rehiyon ka Bikol''; Waray Sorsogon, Masbateño: ''Rehiyon san Bikol''; tl, Rehiyon ng Bikol), is an administrative region of ...
of
Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
. He grew up on a small farm where he learned to ride carabaos and catch fish by hand. From 1984 to 1988 he studied at the
University of the Philippines The University of the Philippines (UP; fil, Pamantasan ng Pilipinas Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) is a state university system in the Philippines. It is the country's national university, as mandated by Republic Act No. 9500 (UP Charter of 200 ...
in Los Baños, where he obtained the Bachelor of Science in Zoology. In 1989 he became a member of the Philippine Mammal Project of the
Field Museum of Natural History The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational ...
. He spent eight months of the year as an expedition leader in the rainforest and about four months with a research team from the Field Museum of Natural History. From 1992, he completed a biology degree at the
University of Illinois The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the University ...
at Chicago (UIC) at the invitation of Lawrence R. Heaney, where he graduated in 1995 with a
Master of Science A Master of Science ( la, Magisterii Scientiae; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. In contrast to ...
.


Career

In 2000, Balete began a 15-year long-term study of the mammals of the island of
Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
. The project team, made up of Filipino and US scientists, included Balete, Lawrence R. Heaney of the Field Museum of Natural History, Mariano Roy Duya and Melizar Duya of the University of the Philippines, Sharon Jansa of the
University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota, formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, (UMN Twin Cities, the U of M, or Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Tw ...
, Eric Rickart of the
Natural History Museum of Utah The Natural History Museum of Utah (NHMU) is a museum located in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The museum shows exhibits of natural history subjects, with an emphasis on Utah and the Intermountain West. The mission of the museum is to il ...
and Scott Steppan of
Florida State University Florida State University (FSU) is a public research university in Tallahassee, Florida. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida. Founded in 1851, it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the st ...
. Of 56 non-flying mammal species, 52 are endemic to Luzon and 28 mammal species were rediscovered during this study. Also 57 species of bats occur on Luzon. In 2008, Balete and Heaney on Pulagon, Luzon, made the rediscovery of the blacktail Luzon tree rat (''
Carpomys melanurus The short-footed Luzon tree rat or greater dwarf cloud rat (''Carpomys melanurus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in the Philippines, specifically in northern Luzon. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane f ...
''), a rodent that had been considered lost for 112 years. In 2016, he published with Lawrence R. Heaney and Eric A. Rickart a book on the mammals of Luzon entitle
''The Mammals of Luzon Island: Biogeography and Natural History of a Philippine Fauna.''
ref>
From 2002 to 2013 Balete was a research associate at the
Field Museum of Natural History The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational ...
in Chicago. From 2003 to 2013 he was a research assistant at the
National Museum of the Philippines The National Museum of the Philippines ( fil, Pambansang Museo ng Pilipinas}) is an umbrella government organization that oversees a number of national museums in the Philippines including ethnographic, anthropological, archaeological, and visu ...
. From 2008 to 2009 Balete was a lecturer at the
University of the Philippines, Diliman , image = University of The Philippines seal.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = Official Logo of UP Diliman , motto = Honor and Excellence , established = February 12, 194 ...
in
Quezon City Quezon City (, ; fil, Lungsod Quezon ), also known as the City of Quezon and Q.C. (read in Filipino as Kyusi), is the List of cities in the Philippines, most populous city in the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populatio ...
. Balete was a member of the
Haribon Foundation The Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural Resources, Inc., simply known as Haribon Foundation, is a nature conservation organization in the Philippines. The name "Haribon" ("bird king") is a reference to the Philippine eagle. The gro ...
, the largest conservation organization in the Philippines.


Species described

Besides several rodent species, including '' Archboldomys musseri'', ''
Crunomys suncoides The Katanglad shrew-mouse (''Crunomys suncoides''), also known as the Kitanglad shrew-mouse is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is known only from one specimen taken at 2250 m on Mount Kitanglad, Bukidnon Province, Philippines ...
'', '' Apomys aurorae'', '' Apomys banahao'', ''
Apomys brownorum The Mount Tapulao forest mouse (''Apomys brownorum'') is a forest mouse endemic to the Mount Tapulao area in the Philippines. It is named after the American zoologist Barbara Elaine Russell Brown. Anatomy and physiology The mouse is the smal ...
'', '' Apomys iridensis'', ''
Apomys magnus The Luzon giant forest mouse (''Apomys magnus'') is a forest mouse endemic to Luzon, Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, R ...
'', '' Apomys minganensis'', '' Apomys lubangensis'', ''
Apomys sierrae The Sierra Madre forest mouse (''Apomys sierrae'') is a forest mouse endemic to the Sierra Madre Range of eastern Luzon, Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republi ...
'', ''
Apomys zambalensis The Luzon Zambales forest mouse (''Apomys zambalensis'') is a forest mouse endemic to Zambales in Luzon, Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, ...
'', ''
Batomys uragon ''Batomys'' is a genus of rodent endemic to the Philippines. It has six extant described species. Species Genus ''Batomys'' - Luzon and Mindanao forest rats, 7 species recognized, six extant and one extinct: * Large-toothed hairy-tailed rat, ''B ...
'', '' Rhynchomys banahao'', '' Rhynchomys isarogensis'', '' Rhynchomys labo'' and '' Rhynchomys mingan'', Balete described the four lizard species ''
Brachymeles lukbani ''Brachymeles lukbani'' is a species of skink endemic to the Philippines. The skink species ''Brachymeles lukbani'' has a unique pattern of limb reduction; as an adult, it seems to be limbless on the outside but has a concealed limb rudiment, whi ...
'', '' Parvoscincus boyingi'', '' Parvoscincus hadros'' and '' Parvoscincus igorotorum''. Balete's research also focuses on indigenous members of the ''Rafflesia'' plant genus.


Honors

In 2006, Julie F. Barcelona, Mary Ann O. Cajano and Annalee S. Hadsall described the ''
Rafflesia ''Rafflesia'' () is a genus of parasitic flowering plants in the family Rafflesiaceae. The species have enormous flowers, the buds rising from the ground or directly from the lower stems of their host plants; one species has the largest flowers i ...
'' species '' Rafflesia baletei'', which was discovered in 1991 by Balete on the Isarog volcano in the
Bicol Region Bicol, known formally as the Bicol Region or colloquially as Bicolandia ( bcl, Rehiyon kan Bikol; Rinconada Bikol: ''Rehiyon ka Bikol''; Waray Sorsogon, Masbateño: ''Rehiyon san Bikol''; tl, Rehiyon ng Bikol), is an administrative region of ...
.


Citations


References


External links


International Plant Name Index: Author: Danilo S. BaleteProfile: Danilo S. Balete at LinkedInProfile: Danilo S. Balete at the Field Museum of Natural History
{{authority control Filipino biologists 21st-century zoologists 1960 births University of the Philippines Los Baños alumni University of Illinois Chicago alumni Academic staff of the University of the Philippines Diliman 2017 deaths 20th-century zoologists