Daniel Mauricio Zamudio Vera (3 August 1987 – 27 March 2012) was a Chilean man whose murder in 2012 became a symbol against
homophobic violence in Chile. Zamudio, who identified as gay, was beaten and tortured for several hours in San Borja Park in downtown
Santiago
Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose ...
on March 2, 2012, by four attackers linked to a
neo-Nazi
Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazism, Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and Supremacism#Racial, racial supremacy (ofte ...
gang.
[The Week, "International News: Hate Crime Punished," 8 November 2013.] His death and the subsequent media attention helped accelerate legislation against discrimination and opened doors to greater acceptance and tolerance of differences in the conservative country.
In 2013, all four perpetrators were found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to prison terms ranging from 7 years to
life
Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from that which does not, and is defined by the capacity for growth, reaction to stimuli, metabolism, energ ...
.
Murder
Zamudio's parents have stated that he was previously subjected to violence due to his sexual orientation. On March 2, 2012, Zamudio was brutally attacked and beaten for six hours until he lost consciousness.
He was taken to the Hospital Emergency Public Assistance in Santiago, where he was diagnosed with
traumatic brain injury
A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity (ranging from mild traumatic brain injury TBI/concussionto severe traumatic b ...
, a broken leg, and cuts on his stomach that resembled
swastikas
The swastika (卐 or 卍) is an ancient religious and cultural symbol, predominantly in various Eurasian, as well as some African and American cultures, now also widely recognized for its appropriation by the Nazi Party and by neo-Nazis. It ...
made with broken bottles.
Additionally,
cigarette burns
Cigarette burns are usually deliberate injuries caused by pressing a lit cigarette to the skin. They are a common form of child abuse and torture
Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons suc ...
were found on various parts of his body. Zamudio died from his injuries 25 days later at the same hospital in Santiago.
Aftermath
Following Zamudio's death, Chilean President
Sebastián Piñera
Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique OMCh (; born 1 December 1949) is a Chilean billionaire businessman and politician who served as president of Chile from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022.
The son of a Christian Democratic polit ...
urged parliament to speed up the adoption of a hate crimes law that had been stagnant for over seven years. The law aimed to prohibit discrimination based on "race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, gender, appearance, or disability."
However, adoption of the law faced opposition from several churches, who argued that it could lead to the legalization of
same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same Legal sex and gender, sex or gender. marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 33 countries, with the most recent being ...
.
Despite this, the law was passed in July 2012, signed by the President, and entered into force.
Murder trial
On October 17, 2013, all four men were found guilty of first-degree murder. Judge Juan Carlos Urrutia declared Patricio Ahumada Garay, Alejandro Angulo Tapia, Raúl López Fuentes, and Fabian Mora Mora guilty of a crime of "extreme cruelty" and "total disrespect for human life." On October 28, Ahumada was sentenced to life imprisonment, which was met with cheers from the courtroom. Angulo and López received 15-year sentences, while Mora, the youngest of the group, was sentenced to 7 years due to his cooperation with investigators and lack of prior convictions.
See also
*
LGBT rights in Chile
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) civil rights in Chile have advanced significantly in the 21st century and are now quite progressive.
Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is legal in Chile only since 1999, being one th ...
*
LGBT in Chile
LGBT rights
The LGBT community in Chile has gained some rights in recent years. In 2012 it was approved the anti-discrimination law that includes sexual orientation and gender identity as protected categories. The law penalizes the arbitrary ...
*
Nazism in Chile
Nazism in Chile has a long history dating back to the 1930s.
National politics
After the dissolution of the National Socialist Movement of Chile (MNSCH) in 1938, some of its notable former members migrated into Agrarian Labor Party, obtaining hig ...
* Films and series based on it:
**
''Zamudio: Lost at Night'' (2015)
**
''Jesús'' (2016)
**
''You'll Never Be Alone'' (2016)
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zamudio, Daniel
1987 births
2012 deaths
Violence against gay men
LGBT history in Chile
Neo-Nazism in Chile
March 2012 crimes
2012 murders in Chile
2012 in LGBT history