Daniël Raap (

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban ar ...

, 1703 – Amsterdam, 10 January 1754) was a

porcelain Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises main ...

merchant who played a leading role during the

Orangist revolution The Orangism (Dutch Republic), Orangist revolution of 1747 brought William IV, Prince of Orange to the Stadtholder office, finishing the Second Stadtholderless Period. Second Stadtholderless Period After the death of William III of England, Wil ...

the Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

of 1747–1751. During the opening months of the revolution that would put an end to the

Second Stadtholderless Period The Second Stadtholderless Period or Era ( nl, Tweede Stadhouderloze Tijdperk) is the designation in Dutch historiography of the period between the death of stadtholder William III on March 19, 1702, and the appointment of William IV as stadthol ...

, Raap, together with other agitators like the journalist Rousset de Missy published pamphlets demanding the restoration of the stadtholderate in the provinces of the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiography ...

that had abolished the office, and the appointment of the Frisian stadtholder

William IV, Prince of Orange William IV (Willem Karel Hendrik Friso; 1 September 1711 – 22 October 1751) was Prince of Orange from birth and the first hereditary stadtholder of all the United Provinces of the Netherlands from 1747 until his death in 1751. During his whole ...

, in all provinces to this dignity, that should henceforth be hereditary in the male and female line. At the same time the agitators asked for more influence of the common people on the government that had hitherto been dominated by the

Regents A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state ''pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, ...

. More specifically, the petition he circulated demanded that

militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

captains would henceforth be directly elected; vacant public offices be auctioned off; and the

guild A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradesmen belonging to a professional association. They sometimes ...

s be restored in their old privileges. The agitators asked the Prince to come to Amsterdam to oust the city government, which he did on 2 September 1748. But instead of appointing new government members from the ranks of the democratic opposition the Prince selected the new city government from the old Regent class, be it from the Orangist faction that had been excluded during the Stadtholderless regime. This caused a rupture between Raap and the Orangist partisans, like

Willem Bentinck van Rhoon Willem, Count Bentinck, Lord of Rhoon and Pendrecht (6 November 1704 – 13 October 1774) was a Dutch nobleman and politician, and the eldest son from the second marriage of William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland. He was created Count Bentinck ...

. Likewise, the more radical democrats in the movement distanced themselves from him, because he was considered too moderate. His erstwhile popularity therefore turned into a deep hatred by the members of the Amsterdam mob, who had earlier revered him, by the time of his death in 1754. There were riots at his funeral and his coffin was destroyed.Kikkert, p. 123

Notes

Sources

* A.J. van der Aa, Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden. Deel 16. J.J. van Brederode, Haarlem 1874, pp. 10–12 * Het dagboek van Jacob Bicker Raye 1732–1772 (ed. F. Beijerinck & M.G. de Boer) *Israel, Jonathan (1995), ''The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806'', Clarendon Press, Oxford, * J.G. Kikkert, Honderd Vaderlandse Helden (Uitgeverij Aspekt, 2005) {{DEFAULTSORT:Raap, Daniel 1703 births 1754 deaths Businesspeople from Amsterdam 18th-century Dutch businesspeople