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Daniel Jonah Goldhagen (born June 30, 1959) is an American author, and former associate professor of
government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is ...
and social studies at
Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
. Goldhagen reached international attention and broad criticism as the author of two controversial books about
the Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
: ''
Hitler's Willing Executioners ''Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust'' is a 1996 book by American writer Daniel Goldhagen, in which he argues that the vast majority of ordinary Germans were "willing executioners" in the Holocaust because of a uniq ...
'' (1996), and ''
A Moral Reckoning ''A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair'' is a 2003 book by the political scientist Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, previously the author of ''Hitler's Willing Executioners'' (1996). Gold ...
'' (2002). He is also the author of ''Worse Than War'' (2009), which examines the phenomenon of
genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Lat ...
, and ''The Devil That Never Dies'' (2013), in which he traces a worldwide rise in virulent
antisemitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...
.


Biography

Daniel Goldhagen was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Erich and Norma Goldhagen. He grew up in nearby Newton. His wife Sarah (née Williams) is an architectural historian, and critic for ''
The New Republic ''The New Republic'' is an American magazine of commentary on politics, contemporary culture, and the arts. Founded in 1914 by several leaders of the progressive movement, it attempted to find a balance between "a liberalism centered in hu ...
'' magazine. Daniel Goldhagen's father is Erich Goldhagen, a retired Harvard professor. Erich is a Holocaust survivor who, with his family, was interned in a
Jewish ghetto In the Jewish diaspora, a Jewish quarter (also known as jewry, ''juiverie'', ''Judengasse'', Jewynstreet, Jewtown, or proto-ghetto) is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were ...
in
Czernowitz Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the up ...
(present-day
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
). Daniel credits his father for being a "model of intellectual sobriety and probity". Goldhagen has written that his "understanding of
Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) i ...
and of the Holocaust is firmly indebted" to his father's influence. In 1977, Goldhagen entered Harvard, and remained there for some twenty years - first as an undergraduate and graduate student, then as an assistant professor in the Government and Social Studies Department. During early graduate studies, he attended a lecture by
Saul Friedländer Saul Friedländer (; born October 11, 1932) is a Czech-Jewish-born historian and a professor emeritus of history at UCLA. Biography Saul Friedländer was born in Prague to a family of German-speaking Jews. He was raised in France and lived thro ...
, in which he had what he describes as a "lightbulb moment": The functionalism versus intentionalism debate did not address the question, "When
Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
ordered the annihilation of the
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
, why did people execute the order?". Goldhagen wanted to investigate ''who'' the German men and women who killed the Jews were, and their reasons for killing.


Academic and literary career

As a graduate student, Goldhagen undertook research in the German archives. The thesis of ''Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust'' proposes that, during the
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
, many killers were ordinary Germans, who killed for having been raised in a profoundly antisemitic culture, and thus were acculturated — "ready and willing" — to execute the Nazi government's genocidal plans. Goldhagen's first notable work was a book review titled "False Witness" published by ''
The New Republic ''The New Republic'' is an American magazine of commentary on politics, contemporary culture, and the arts. Founded in 1914 by several leaders of the progressive movement, it attempted to find a balance between "a liberalism centered in hu ...
'' magazine on April 17, 1989. It was one in a series of hostile reviews of the 1988 book ''Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?'' by an American-Jewish professor of
Princeton University Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ...
born in Luxembourg,
Arno J. Mayer Arno Joseph Mayer (born June 19, 1926), is an American historian who specializes in modern Europe, diplomatic history, and the Holocaust, and is currently the Dayton-Stockton Professor of History, Emeritus, at Princeton University. Early life ...
.Guttenplan, D. D.
The Holocaust on Trial
', New York: Norton, 2001 p. 74. .
Goldhagen wrote that "Mayer's enormous intellectual error" was in ascribing the cause of the Holocaust to
anti-Communism Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in the Russian Empire, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the ...
, rather than to antisemitism, and criticized Prof. Mayer's saying that most massacres of
Jews in the USSR The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. "For ...
, during the first weeks of ''
Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after ...
'' in the summer of 1941 were committed by local peoples (see the
Lviv pogroms The Lviv pogroms were the consecutive pogroms and massacres of Jews in June and July 1941 in the city of Lwów in German-occupied Eastern Poland/Western Ukraine (now Lviv, Ukraine). The massacres were perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists (sp ...
for more historical background), with little
Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the '' Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previo ...
participation.Goldhagen, Daniel. "False Witness," ''The New Republic'', April 17, 1989 pp. 39-43. Goldhagen accused him also of misrepresenting the facts about the Wannsee Conference (1942), which was meant for plotting the
genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Lat ...
of
European Jews The history of the Jews in Europe spans a period of over two thousand years. Some Jews, a Judaean tribe from the Levant, Natural History 102:11 (November 1993): 12–19. migrated to Europe just before the rise of the Roman Empire. A notable e ...
, not (as Mayer said) merely the resettlement of the Jews. Goldhagen further accused Mayer of obscurantism, of suppressing historical fact, and of being an apologist for
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, like
Ernst Nolte Ernst Nolte (11 January 1923 – 18 August 2016) was a German historian and philosopher. Nolte's major interest was the comparative studies of fascism and communism (cf. Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism). Originally trained in philosophy, he was ...
, for attempting to "de-demonize"
National Socialism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Naz ...
. Also in 1989, historian
Lucy Dawidowicz Lucy Dawidowicz ( Schildkret; June 16, 1915 – December 5, 1990) was an American historian and writer. She wrote books about modern Jewish history, in particular, she wrote books about the Holocaust. Life Dawidowicz was born in New York City a ...
reviewed ''Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?'' in ''Commentary'' magazine, and praised Goldhagen's "False Witness" review, identifying him as a rising Holocaust historian who formally rebutted "Mayer's falsification" of history. In 2003, Goldhagen resigned from Harvard to focus on writing. His work synthesizes four historical elements, kept distinct for analysis; as presented in the books '' A Moral Reckoning: the Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair'' (2002) and ''Worse Than War'' (2009): (i) description (what happens), (ii) explanation (why it happens), (iii) moral evaluation (judgment), and (iv) prescription (what is to be done?). According to Goldhagen, his Holocaust studies address questions about the political, social, and cultural particulars behind other genocides: "Who did the killing?" "What, despite temporal and cultural differences, do mass killings have in common?", which yielded ''Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity'', about the global nature of
genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Lat ...
, and averting such crimes against humanity.


Books


''Hitler's Willing Executioners''

''
Hitler's Willing Executioners ''Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust'' is a 1996 book by American writer Daniel Goldhagen, in which he argues that the vast majority of ordinary Germans were "willing executioners" in the Holocaust because of a uniq ...
'' (1996) posits that the vast majority of ordinary Germans were "willing executioners" in the
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
because of a unique and virulent " eliminationist antisemitism" in German identity that had developed in the preceding centuries. Goldhagen argued that this form of antisemitism was widespread in Germany, that it was unique to Germany, and that because of it, ordinary Germans willingly killed Jews. Goldhagen asserted that this mentality grew out of
medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
attitudes with a religious basis, but was eventually secularized. Goldhagen's book was meant to be a "
thick description In the social sciences and related fields, a thick description is a description of human social action that describes not just physical behaviors, but their context as interpreted by the actors as well, so that it can be better understood by an o ...
" in the manner of Clifford Geertz. As such, to prove his thesis Goldhagen focused on the behavior of ordinary Germans who killed Jews, especially the behavior of the men of Order Police (Orpo) Reserve Battalion 101 in
occupied Poland ' ( Norwegian: ') is a Norwegian political thriller TV series that premiered on TV2 on 5 October 2015. Based on an original idea by Jo Nesbø, the series is co-created with Karianne Lund and Erik Skjoldbjærg. Season 2 premiered on 10 Octobe ...
in 1942 to argue ordinary Germans possessed by "eliminationist anti-Semitism" chose to willingly murder Jews in cruel and sadistic ways. In this, Goldhagen was essentially rehashing much of what had been published before, adding his touch of intentionalist prose to already covered ground. Scholars such as Yehuda Bauer, Otto Kulka, Israel Gutman, among others, asserted long before Goldhagen, the primacy of ideology, radical anti-Semitism, and the corollary of an inimitability exclusive to Germany. The book, which began as a doctoral dissertation, was written largely as a response to Christopher Browning's ''Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland'' (1992). Much of Goldhagen's book was concerned with the same Order Police battalion, but with very different conclusions. On April 8, 1996, Browning and Goldhagen discussed their differences during a symposium hosted by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Browning's book recognizes the impact of the unending campaign of antisemitic propaganda, but it takes other factors into account, such as fear of breaking ranks, desire for career advancement, a concern not to be viewed as weak, the effect of state bureaucracy, battlefield conditions and peer-bonding. Goldhagen does not acknowledge the influence of these variables. Goldhagen's book went on to win the American Political Science Association's 1994 Gabriel A. Almond Award in comparative politics and the Democracy Prize of the ''Journal for German and International Politics''. ''Time'' magazine reported that it was one of the two most important books of 1996, and ''
The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...
'' called it "one of those rare, new works that merit the appellation 'landmark. The book sparked controversy in the press and academic circles. Several historians characterized its reception as an extension of the ''
Historikerstreit The ''Historikerstreit'' (, "historians' dispute") was a dispute in the late 1980s in West Germany between conservative and left-of-center academics and other intellectuals about how to incorporate Nazi Germany and the Holocaust into German hist ...
'', the German historiographical debate of the 1980s that sought to explain
Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
history. The book was a "publishing phenomenon", achieving fame in both the United States and Germany despite being criticized by some historians,Shatz, Adam. (April 8, 1998
Goldhagen's willing executioners: the attack on a scholarly superstar, and how he fights back
'' Slate''. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
who called it ahistorical and, according to Holocaust historian
Raul Hilberg Raul Hilberg (June 2, 1926 – August 4, 2007) was a Jewish Austrian-born American political scientist and historian. He was widely considered to be the preeminent scholar on the Holocaust. Christopher R. Browning has called him the founding fath ...
, "totally wrong about everything" and "worthless".http://web.ceu.hu/jewishstudies/pdf/01_kwiet.pdf Due to its alleged "generalizing hypothesis" about Germans, it has been characterized as anti-German. The Israeli historian
Yehuda Bauer Yehuda Bauer ( he, יהודה באואר; born April 6, 1926) is a Czech-born Israeli historian and scholar of the Holocaust. He is a professor of Holocaust Studies at the Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University ...
claims that "Goldhagen stumbles badly", "Goldhagen's thesis does not work", and charges "... that the anti-German bias of his book, almost a racist bias (however much he may deny it), leads nowhere". The American historian
Fritz Stern Fritz Richard Stern (February 2, 1926 – May 18, 2016) was a German-born American historian of German history, Jewish history and historiography. He was a University Professor and a provost at New York's Columbia University. His work focused ...
denounced the book as unscholarly and full of racist Germanophobia. Hilberg summarised the debates, "by the end of 1996, it was clear that in sharp distinction from lay readers, much of the academic world had wiped Goldhagen off the map".


''A Moral Reckoning''

In 2002, Goldhagen published '' A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair'', his account of the role of the Catholic Church before, during and after
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
. In the book, Goldhagen acknowledges that individual bishops and priests hid and saved a large number of Jews, but also asserts that others promoted or accepted antisemitism before and during the war, and some played a direct role in the persecution of Jews in Europe during the Holocaust. David Dalin and Joseph Bottum of ''
The Weekly Standard ''The Weekly Standard'' was an American neoconservative political magazine of news, analysis and commentary, published 48 times per year. Originally edited by founders Bill Kristol and Fred Barnes, the ''Standard'' had been described as a "re ...
'' criticized the book, calling it a "misuse of the Holocaust to advance nanti-Catholic agenda", and poor scholarship. Goldhagen noted in an interview with ''The Atlantic'', as well as in the book's introduction, that the title and the first page of the book reveal its purpose as a moral, rather than historical analysis, asserting that he has invited European Church representatives to present their own historical account in discussing morality and reparation.Gritz, Jennie Rothenberg. (January 31, 2003
The Guilt of the Church
''
The Atlantic ''The Atlantic'' is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher. It features articles in the fields of politics, foreign affairs, business and the economy, culture and the arts, technology, and science. It was founded in 1857 in Boston, ...
''. Retrieved January 4, 2008.


''Worse Than War''

In ''Worse than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity'' (2009), Goldhagen described
Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) i ...
and the
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
as "eliminationist assaults". He worked on the book intermittently for a decade, interviewing atrocity perpetrators and victims in Rwanda, Guatemala, Cambodia, Kenya, and the USSR, and politicians, government officers, and private humanitarian organization officers. Goldhagen states that his aim is to help "craft institutions and politics that will save countless lives and also lift the lethal threat under which so many people live". He concludes that eliminationist assaults are preventable because "the world's non-mass-murdering countries are wealthy and powerful, having prodigious military capabilities (and they can band together)", whereas the perpetrator countries "are overwhelmingly poor and weak". The book was cinematically adapted, and the documentary film of ''Worse Than War'' was first presented in the U.S. in
Aspen, Colorado Aspen is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 7,004 at the 2020 United States Census. Aspen is in a remote area of the Rocky Moun ...
, on August 6, 2009 – the sixty-fourth anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945. In Germany, the documentary was first broadcast by the ARD television network October 18, 2009, and was to be nationally broadcast by
PBS The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educat ...
in 2010.
Uğur Ümit Üngör Uğur Ümit Üngör (born 1980) is a Turkish scholar of genocide and mass violence. Career Üngör, who was born in Turkey and raised in Enschede in the Netherlands, earned a doctorate from the University of Amsterdam in 2009,Aram Arkun"Prolific ...
criticized the title of the book, stating "Worse than war? What does that mean? If I write a book about the enormous destruction and deaths of innocent people brought about by war, could I call it ''Better than Genocide''?"
David Rieff David Rieff (; born September 28, 1952) is an American non-fiction writer and policy analyst. His books have focused on issues of immigration, international conflict, and humanitarianism. Biography Rieff is the only child of Susan Sontag, who w ...
, characterizing Goldhagen as a "pro-Israel polemicist and amateur historian", writes that the subtext of what Goldhagen deems "eliminationism" may be his own view of contemporary Islam. Rieff writes that Goldhagen's website states that the author "speaks nationally ... about Political Islam's Offensive, the threat to
Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
, ''Hitler's Willing Executioners'', the ''Globalization of Anti-Semitism'', and more". Rieff questions Goldhagen's equating the "culture of death" of Nazism with that of "political Islam", as well as Goldhagen's conclusion that, in order to prevent "eliminationism", the United Nations should be remade into an interventionist entity focusing on ''"a devoted international push for democratizing more countries"''. Adam Jones, who praised this book for its fluid style and commendable passion, concludes however, that the book is undermined by a casual approach to basic research, and by the author's tendency to overreach and overstate his case. The British historian
David Elstein David Keith Elstein (born 14 November 1944), is an executive producer and a former Chair of openDemocracy.net. Early life and career His parents were Polish orphans who were brought to Britain by the Rothschild Foundation, and ran a ladies' outfi ...
accused Goldhagen of manipulating his sources to make a false accusation of genocide against the British during the Mau Mau Uprising of the 1950s in
Kenya ) , national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi ...
. Elstein wrote in his view that the chapter on Kenya left Goldhagen open "...to the charge that he is the kind of scholar who is either unaware of the facts or prefers to exclude those which do not fit his thesis".


Personal life

Goldhagen has been a
vegetarian Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. Vegetariani ...
since the age of 10. Since 1999, Goldhagen has been married to
Sarah Williams Goldhagen Sarah Williams Goldhagen (born September 5, 1959) is an American author and architecture critic. Her scholarship on twentieth-century architecture, her criticism for the ''The New Republic, New Republic'' and ''Architectural Record'', and her writi ...
.


Awards and recognition

* ''The Jewish Daily Forward'', named to Forward 50, 2002 and 1996 * ''Journal for German and International Politics'' Triennial Democracy Prize, 1997, with ''laudatio'' given by Jürgen Habermas. * National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist for ''Hitler's Willing Executioners'', 1996 * Time, named Hitler's Willing Executioners one of two best non-fiction books of the year, 1996 * American Political Science Association, Gabriel A. Almond Award for the best dissertation in the field of comparative politics, 1994 * Harvard University, Sumner Dissertation Prize, 1993 * Whiting Fellowship, 1990–1991 * Fulbright IIE Grant for Dissertation Research, 1988–1989 * Krupp Foundation Fellowship for Dissertation Research, 1988–1989 * Center for European Studies Summer Research Grant, 1987 * Jacob Javits Fellowship 1996–1988, 1989–1990 * Harvard College, Philo Sherman Bennett Thesis Prize, 1982 *
German Academic Exchange Service The German Academic Exchange Service, or DAAD (german: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst), was founded in 1925 and is the largest German support organisation in the field of international academic co-operation. Organisation ''DAAD'' is a ...
(Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAAD) Fellowship, 1979–1980


Selected works

* 1989: "False Witness", ''The New Republic'', April 17, 1989, Volume 200, No. 16, Issue # 3, pp. 39–44 * 1996: ''
Hitler's Willing Executioners ''Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust'' is a 1996 book by American writer Daniel Goldhagen, in which he argues that the vast majority of ordinary Germans were "willing executioners" in the Holocaust because of a uniq ...
: Ordinary Germans and The Holocaust'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, * 2002: ''
A Moral Reckoning ''A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair'' is a 2003 book by the political scientist Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, previously the author of ''Hitler's Willing Executioners'' (1996). Gold ...
: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York, * 2009: ''Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault On Humanity'', PublicAffairs, New York, * 2013: ''The Devil That Never Dies: The Rise and Threat of Global Anti-Semitism''


References


Further reading

* Eley, Geoff (ed.) ''The Goldhagen Effect: History, Memory, Nazism—Facing the German Past''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. . * Feldkamp, Michael F. ''Goldhagens unwillige Kirche. Alte und neue Fälschungen über Kirche und Papst während der NS-Herrschaft''. München: Olzog-Verlag, 2003. * Finkelstein, Norman & Birn, Ruth Bettina. ''A Nation on Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth''. New York: Henry Holt, 1998. * Kwiet, Konrad:
‘Hitler’s Willing Executioners’ and ‘Ordinary Germans’: Some Comments on Goldhagen’s Ideas
. ''Jewish Studies Yearbook'' 1 (2000). * LaCapra, Dominick. "Perpetrators and Victims: The Goldhagen Debate and Beyond", in LaCapra, D. ''Writing History, Writing Trauma'' Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, 114–140. *
Mommsen, Hans Hans Mommsen (5 November 1930 – 5 November 2015) was a German historian, known for his studies in German social history, and for his functionalist interpretation of the Third Reich, especially for arguing that Adolf Hitler was a weak dictator. ...
, Podium discussion, ''Die Deutschen – Ein Volk von Tätern?: Zur historisch-politischen Debatte um das Buch von Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, 'Hitlers willige Vollstrecker, ed. Dieter Dowe (Bonn, 1996), 73. In "Structure and Agency in the Holocaust: Daniel J. Goldhagen and His Critics" by A. D. Moses, ''History and Theory'' 37, no. 2 (May 1998): 197. * Pohl, Dieter. "Die Holocaust-Forschung und Goldhagens Thesen", ''Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte'' 45 (1997). * Rychlak, Ronald.
Goldhagen vs. Pius XII
First Things (June/July 2002) * Shandley, Robert & Riemer, Jeremiah (eds.) ''Unwilling Germans? The Goldhagen Debate''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. * Stern, Fritz. "The Goldhagen Controversy: The Past Distorted" in ''Einstein's German World'', 272–288. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. * Wesley, Frank. ''The Holocaust and Anti-semitism: the Goldhagen Argument and Its Effects''. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1999. * ''The "Willing Executioners/Ordinary Men" Debate: Selections from the Symposium'', April 8, 1996, introduced by Michael Berenbaum (Washington, D.C.: USHMM, 2001).


External links

*
Goldhagen's new website.
* .

with Marcus W. Orr Center for the Humanities at the University of Memphis. * *

PBS The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educat ...

German lessons
Goldhagen authored article at ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
''
Articles by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen
at ''
Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the U ...
''
Daniel Jonah Goldhagen – The New York Review of Books

Discussion of Goldhagen by Various Scholars


* ttps://www.yadvashem.org/articles/interviews/daniel-goldhagen.html Interview With Prof. Daniel Goldhagen, Harvard University in
Yad Vashem Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...
website {{DEFAULTSORT:Goldhagen, Daniel 1959 births Living people Harvard College alumni Harvard University faculty Historians of fascism Historians of Nazism Historians of the Holocaust Historians of the Catholic Church Critics of the Catholic Church Jewish American historians American male non-fiction writers American people of Romanian-Jewish descent American Zionists Writers from Boston 21st-century American historians Historians from Massachusetts