Damat
Damat ( tr, damat, from fa, {{nq, داماد (dâmâd) "bridegroom") was an official Ottoman title describing men that entered the imperial House of Osman by means of marriage, literally becoming the bridegroom to the Ottoman sultan and the d ...
Halil Pasha (died 1629,
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
), also known as Khalil Pasha, was an
Ottoman Armenian
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire (or Ottoman Armenians) mostly belonged to either the Armenian Apostolic Church or the Armenian Catholic Church. They were part of the Armenian millet until the Tanzimat reforms in the nineteenth century equa ...
statesman. He was
grand vizier
Grand vizier ( fa, وزيرِ اعظم, vazîr-i aʾzam; ota, صدر اعظم, sadr-ı aʾzam; tr, sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. The office of Grand Vizier was first ...
of the Ottoman Empire in 1616–1619 and 1626–1628.
[İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish)] He also served in the
Ottoman Navy, and led a number of attacks including the
Raid of Żejtun
Raid, RAID or Raids may refer to:
Attack
* Raid (military), a sudden attack behind the enemy's lines without the intention of holding ground
* Corporate raid, a type of hostile takeover in business
* Panty raid, a prankish raid by male college ...
in
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
in 1614.
Biography
He was born in the village of “Fernos” (or Fırnız) near Zeytun, modern
Süleymanlı
Süleymanlı, also known as Zeitun ( hy, Զէյթուն), Zeytun, Zeytunfimis or Zeytünfimis, is a town in the Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey.
The village has an ancient history as a center of settlement. It was established on the Zeytun Stre ...
, in the province of
Kahramanmaraş
Marash (Armenian: Մարաշ), officially Kahramanmaraş () and historically Germanicea (Greek: Γερμανίκεια), is a city in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey and the administrative center of Kahramanmaraş Province. Before 1973, Kahrama ...
.
[Aydın, M.," Halil Paşa İbn Pirî Vakfiyesi., Vakıflar Dergisi, Sayı:37, YılːHaziran 2012. URL:http://acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11352/939/Ayd%C4%B1n.pdf?sequence=1 22 Şubat 2017 tarihinde ]Wayback Machine
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web founded by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco, California. Created in 1996 and launched to the public in 2001, it allows the user to go "back in time" and see ...
sitesinde arşivlendi.. Erişim: 2017-02-21 Recruited as a dervish he was brought up in this condition. His brother Shahid Mehmed Pasha held high positions (
beylerbey
''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit=bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks ...
and
vizier
A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was a ...
) and this helped him to prosper. Shahid died on April 2, 1589 in what is considered the first revolt of the Janissaries which ended in the death of a vizier (not a great vizier ). After being a court falconer he came to
Agha of the Janissaries
The Agha of the Janissaries or Janissary Agha () was a top Ottoman military official and courtier, and the commander of the Janissary corps. Apart from the commander-general of the entire corps, the title of "Agha of the Janissaries" was also bor ...
on January 4, 1607. The military campaign that year was directed against the rebels of Anatolia , under the direction of the commander in chief ( serdar ).
Kuyucu Murad Pasha
Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Ottoman Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger"; sh, Murat-paša Kujudžić; 1535 – 1611) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I bet ...
. In 1608 Khalid went to eastern Anatolia by order of Murad Pasha; so he was able to return to Istanbul triumphantly.
On February 16, 1609,
Captain Pasha Hafız Ahmed was removed and Halil was appointed in his place; he defeated the pirates of the eastern Mediterranean and defeated a Maltese fleet near Cyprus by capturing the " Red Galleon " armed with 80 guns, commanded by the knight Fraissinet in the naval battle of Kara Djahannam. He was appointed vizier on 25 November 1609. On 16 July 1610 he led a new campaign against pirates and privateers without major battles; he began negotiations to forge an alliance with the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
and
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
against
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, sending the first letter to theStates General of The Hague on July 16, 1610.
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
and
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
opposed but maintained good relations with these states. He lost his post from 1611 to 1613 when he was occupied by court favorite
Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha . However he continued to negotiate with Holland and a Dutch ambassador,
Cornelius Haga
Corneli(u)s Haga ( Schiedam, 28 January 1578 – The Hague, 12 August 1654) was the first ambassador of the Dutch Republic to the Ottoman Empire.
Early life
Cornelius Haga was born in Schiedam. His father was Dirk Lambrechtszoon, merchant and m ...
, arrived in Istanbul on 17 March 1612 and under the influence of Damat was received by the caimacam and other high dignitaries, and by the sultan on 1 May 1612, however no treaty was never reached, as at that time Holland was in truce (from 1609) with Spain (and remained so until 1621).
On 22 November 1613 he was renamed captain pasha; in 1614 he attacked
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
and continued on to
Tripoli
Tripoli or Tripolis may refer to:
Cities and other geographic units Greece
*Tripoli, Greece, the capital of Arcadia, Greece
* Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece
* Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in ...
in
Libya
Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
where he attacked the local rebel Safer Dey, who was captured and executed.
He previously suppressed a revolt of the Greeks of Maina ( southern Peloponnese ) in collaboration with the Ottoman governor of the region Arslan Pasha; he returned to Istanbul in November 1614. On April 17, 1615 he returned to the sea and sailed along the coast of Calabria capturing a Spanish galleon from Sicily . Upon his return to Istanbul on November 18, 1615, he resisted the intrigues of the drago man Ottoman in Vienna, Gratiani , in favor of the Habsburgs and against the interests of Venetians, Dutch and French.
On 23 December 1619, Kapudan Pasha
Güzelce Ali Pasha
Güzelce Ali Pasha (''Ali Pasha the Handsome''; died 9 March 1621), also known as Çelebi Ali Pasha or İstanköylü Ali Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman and military figure. He was Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral of the Ottoman Navy) around 1617 an ...
was appointed Grand Vizier and Damat Halil Pasha replaced him as head of the fleet; he advised attacking Spain instead of Venice which had the most powerful fleet; the sultan wanted to make war on Poland but the grand vizier opted for the war in Hungary ; he was ordered to take 43 galleys to the mouth of the Danube . Spain's requests for a truce were rejected by Khalil (spring 1620); on 27 June 1620 he marched towards the archipelago and attacked the Spaniards in
Manfredonia
Manfredonia is a town and commune of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Foggia, from which it is northeast by rail. Manfredonia is situated on the coast, facing east, to the south of Monte Gargano, and gives its name to the gulf to the east of i ...
(August) and remained there until October; in 1620 the captain pasha hanged the rebel governor of Tripoli Safar Dayf (day of Sulayman Sfer) in Libya. In 1621 Khalil went to the
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Roma ...
to support the campaign of
Osman II
Osman II ( ota, عثمان ثانى ''‘Osmān-i sānī''; tr, II. Osman; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), also known as Osman the Young ( tr, Genç Osman), was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 26 February 1618 until his regicide on 20 May 162 ...
and with a fleet of 40 galleys repelled the attack of the Cossacks returning to base on November 21, 1621. In 1622 the sultan left with the fleet at the archipelagobut then a revolt broke out (May) and the sultan remained on the ship of the captain pasha; he offered him the post of
Grand Vizier
Grand vizier ( fa, وزيرِ اعظم, vazîr-i aʾzam; ota, صدر اعظم, sadr-ı aʾzam; tr, sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. The office of Grand Vizier was first ...
(20 May 1622) which he refused and was isolated from the conflicts in the capital. In the summer of 1622 he went on an outing with the fleet until the autumn. At the beginning of 1623 he supported the peace policy with Poland until he was revoked by the new Grand Vizier
Mere Hüseyin Pasha
Mere Hüseyin Pasha (died July 1624) was an Ottoman statesman of Albanian origin.Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) ''Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım , XVİ. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar'', Ankara: Türk Tarih Ku ...
, appointed for the second time on February 5, 1623, who considered him his rival, and sent him into exile in
Malkara
Malkara ( el, Μάλγαρα, Malgara) is a town and district of Tekirdağ Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is located at 55 km west of Tekirdağ and 190 km from Istanbul. It covers an area of 1,225 km², which makes ...
in
Thrace
Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to t ...
.
Abaza Mehmed Pasha
Abaza Mehmed Pasha ( tr, Abaza Mehmed Paşa, ab, Меҳмеҭ Росҭом-иԥа Лакырба, ма Кыржәаа); 1576 – August 23, 1634) was a statesman and military commander of the Ottoman Empire, the namesake of the Abaza rebellion. ...
rebelled against
Erzerum
Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010.
The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...
with the Sipahi to avenge the assassination of Osman II , against the rival corps of the Janissaries accused of having killed him. Abaza was considered a believer in Khalil. When
Murad IV
Murad IV ( ota, مراد رابع, ''Murād-ı Rābiʿ''; tr, IV. Murad, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods. Murad IV was born in Cons ...
ascended the throne, the
Valide sultan Kösem restored him to the rank of vizier but without receiving any post.
Finally, on 1 or 2 December 1626 he was appointed Grand Vizier for the second time with the order to obtain the submission of Abaza Mehmed Pasha, still in revolt in Anatolia, and to conclude a treaty with Persia . In August 1627 he began talks with Abaza in Erzurum, unsuccessfully, and protected in the fortress, Abaza could not be subdued. The Persians occupied Akhiskha and Khalil, without artillery and with the cold season approaching, lifted the siege of Erzurum in November, spending the winter in
Tokat
Tokat is the capital city of Tokat Province of Turkey in the mid-Black Sea region of Anatolia. It is located at the confluence of the Tokat River (Tokat Suyu) with the Yeşilırmak. In the 2018 census, the city of Tokat had a population of 155,00 ...
. Having failed to subdue Abaza and not having won the war with Persia, he was deposed on 6 April 1628. The only one who accepted the succession was
Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha., agha of the Janissaries, who obtained the surrender of Abaza some time later. In May 1628 Khalil returned to
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
with his rank of vizier and prestige still intact.
He died on August 5, 1629.
See also
*
List of Ottoman Grand Viziers
References
17th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
Ethnic Armenian Muslims
Year of birth unknown
1629 deaths
Damats
Kapudan Pashas
Ottoman people of the Ottoman–Persian Wars
{{Ottoman-bio-stub