Dactylorhiza Majalis Subsp. Occidentalis

''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under '' Orchis'', which has two round tubers.

Description

They are hardy tuberous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger-like. The long leaves are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long stem which reaches a height of . Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The inflorescence, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact raceme with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.

Taxonomy

Etymology

The name ''Dactylorhiza'' is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος ''daktylos'' 'finger' and ῥίζα ''rhiza'' 'root', referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus.

Species

Many species in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague (but see), with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as pulverised fuel ash, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them.

*''Dactylorhiza alpestris'' : Alpine Dactylorhiza (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians).
*''Dactylorhiza angustata'' (France).
*'' Dactylorhiza aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska).
**''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska).
**''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''kodiakensis'' : Kodiak Keyflower (Aleutian Is. to SW. Alaska).
*''Dactylorhiza armeniaca'' (Turkey) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza atlantica'' Kreutz & Vlaciha (Morocco)
*''Dactylorhiza baldshuanica'' (C. Asia).
*'' Dactylorhiza baltica'' (Eastern Europe) (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza longifolia'' (Neuman) Aver.)
*''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' (N. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' subsp. ''smolikana'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Greece)
*''Dactylorhiza bohemica'' (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' (Fr.) Soó (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''bosniaca'' (N. Balkan Pen).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''cordigera'' (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser)
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''pindica'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (NW. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''rhodopeia'' Presser (Greece, Southeastern Europe, Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''siculorum'' (Romania to W. Ukraine).
*''Dactylorhiza ebudensis'' (Wief. ex R.M. Bateman & Denholm) P. Delforge : Hebridean marsh orchid
*'' Dactylorhiza elata'' (Poir.) Soó : Stately Dactylorhiza (W. Europe to NW. Africa).
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''ambigua'' (Martrin-Donos) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''brennensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''elata'' (NW. Africa).
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''mauritanica'' B.Baumann & H. Baumann (Morocco, Algeria)
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' (SW. Europe to Sicilia).
*''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (Nevski) Czerep.
**''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza flavescens'' (Turkey to C. Asia).
*'' Dactylorhiza foliosa'' : Richly leaved Dactylorhiza (Madeira).
*'' Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' (Druce) Soó : common spotted orchid, Fuch's dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''meyeri'' (Rchb.f.) Kulikov & E.G.Philippov
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''okellyi'' (Ireland, W. Great Britain).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sooana'' (Borsos) Kreutz (Hungary)
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sudetica'' (Poech ex Rchb.f.) H.Baumann
*''Dactylorhiza gervasiana'' (Sicilia to S. Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza graeca'' (N. Greece) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser)
*''Dactylorhiza graggeriana'' (W. Himalaya).
*'' Dactylorhiza hatagirea'' (Pakistan to SE. Tibet).
*''Dactylorhiza iberica'' (Greece to Iran).
*''Dactylorhiza ilgazica'' (N. Turkey) - now synonym of ''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz
*'' Dactylorhiza incarnata'' (L.) Soó : early marsh orchid
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' var. ''baumgartneriana'' (B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''coccinea''
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' (Europe to Turkey).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''gemmana'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' (Europe to Mongolia).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''krylovii'' (W. Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''lobelii'' (Norway to The Netherlands).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''versicolor'' (Europe)
*'' Dactylorhiza insularis'' : Island Dactylorhiza (W. Medit. to WC. Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza kafiriana'' (NE. Afghanistan to W. Himalaya).
*''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' E.Nelson (N. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza kulikalonica'' (C. Asia).
*'' Dactylorhiza lapponica'' (Laest.ex Hartm.) Soó (N. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''angustata'' (Arv.-Touv.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''rhaetica'' H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Alps of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France)
*''Dactylorhiza libanotica'' (Lebanon)
*''Dactylorhiza longifolia'' (Europe to C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza macedonica'' (N. Greece) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
*'' Dactylorhiza maculata'' (L.) Soó : heath spotted orchid, Moorland Spotted Orchid (NW. Africa, Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''battandieri'' (N. Algeria).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''caramulensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' : heath spotted orchid (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''islandica'' (Iceland).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''kolaensis'' (Montell) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maurusia'' (Morocco)
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''podesta'' (Netherlands).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''rhoumensis'' (Great Britain)
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''savogiensis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''schurii'' (Carpathians).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''sennia'' (Vollmar) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''transsilvanica'' (SC. & SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza magna'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza majalis'' (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. : broad-leaved marsh orchid, western marsh orchid, fan orchid, common marsh orchid (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' var. ''brevifolia'' (Rchb.f.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''calcifugiens'' (Denmark)
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain) (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kerryensis'' (Wilmott) P.F. Hunt & Summerhayes)
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''parvimajalis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''sphagnicola''
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (Alps to W. Carpathians) - has become a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza markusii'' : Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum'' (N. Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza occidentalis'' (Pugsley) P. Delforge : Irish marsh orchid (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kerryensis'' (Wilmott) P.F. Hunt & Summerhayes)
*''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria).
**''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''anatolica'' (Turkey).
**''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria).
*''Dactylorhiza pindica'' (NW. Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza praetermissa'' : leopard marsh orchid, southern marsh orchid (W. & NW. Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó : northern marsh orchid (Great Britain, Ireland).
**''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. maculosa (T. Stephenson)
**''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. purpurella
**''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. ''cambrensis'' (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005
*''Dactylorhiza pythagorae'' (E. Aegean Is.) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza romana'' : Roman Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean)
*''Dactylorhiza russowii'' (Klinge) Holub (C. Europe to Siberia)
*''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' (Brongn.) Soó : Sack-carrying Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean)
**''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''gervasiana'' (Tod.) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza salina'' (Caucasus to Amur)
*''Dactylorhiza sambucina'' : elder-flowered orchid (Europe). Photos
*''Dactylorhiza sudetica'' (Europe to Siberia)
*''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó : narrow-leaved marsh orchid, Traunstein's Dactylorhiza (Europe to W. Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Slovakia) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''curvifolia'' (N. & NE. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. '' traunsteineri'' (Europe to W. Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''wirtgenii'' (Höppner) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides'' (Pugsley) Landwehr (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''traunsteineri'')
*''Dactylorhiza umbrosa'' (W. & C. Asia to Siberia)
*''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele (N. & NE. Turkey to Iran)
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''phoenissa'' B. Baumann & H. Baumann (Lebanon)
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz
*'' Dactylorhiza viridis'' : Frog orchid (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere).
**''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''virescens'' (Temp. Asia, N. America)
**''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''viridis'' (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere)

Hybrids

Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = subvariety.
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''abantiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aldenii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. kalopissii'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''altobracensis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (France, Austria).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. & C. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''aschersoniana'' (W. & C. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''templinensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothovar. ''uliginosa'' (''D. incarnata subsp.pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''baicalica '' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. salina'') (Siberia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''balabaniana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bayburtiana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''beckeriana'' (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''boluiana'' (''D. nieschalkiorum'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bourdonii '' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (France).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''braunii'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''lilacina'' (''D fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'') (EC. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''monticola'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''smitakii'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''sooana'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe). te
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''breviceras'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''ampolai'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''carnea'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''maculatiformis''. (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''claudiopolitana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. schurii'') (Europe.
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''conigerum'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''csatoi'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. maculata'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''daunia'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. saccifera'') (S. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''delamainii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. maculata'') (SW. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''dinglensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''robertsii'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''cambrensi'') (Great Britain).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''senayi'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''townsendiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''vermeuleniana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''drucei'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dubreuilhii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftiana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''dufftii'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''gotlandica'' (''D incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''stenkyrkae'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''erdingeri'' (''D. sambucina'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
**''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
**''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''markowitschii'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''flixensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. traunsteineri.'') (Switzerland).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''formosa'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''fourkensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gabretana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''genevensis'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. latifolia'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''godferyana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''grandis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guilhotii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guillaumeae'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gustavssonii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece to Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' (''D maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''hallii'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''nummiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hochreutinerana'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''insignis'' (''D. praetermissa'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ishorica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. longifolia'') (European Russia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jenensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (W. & NC. Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jestrebiensis'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''juennensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''katarana'' (''D kalopissii'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kelleriana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerasovinensis'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Europe).
** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''kerneriorum'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''lillsundica'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'') (N. & W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''variablis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''komiensis'' (''D. hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'') (E. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kopdagiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''koutsourana'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kuuskiae'' (''D.longifolia'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (E. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''latirella'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''lehmannii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. russowii'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''megapolitana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''metsowonensis'' (''D. kalopissii'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mixtum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mulignensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''nevskii'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ornonensis'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''paridaeniana'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''pontica'' (''D. urvilleana'' × ''D. viridis'') (Turkey)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''prochazkana'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. maculata'') (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''renzii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rizeana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rombucina'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ruppertii'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''salictina'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serbica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serreana'' (''D. graeca'' × ''D. lagotis'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sivasiana'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sooi'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. fuchsii.'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''souflikensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. pindica'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''stagni-novi'' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. fuchsii'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''szaboiana'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sudetica'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''corylensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'')
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens''subsp. ''ericetorum'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''transiens'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''turcestanicum'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. viridis'') (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vallis-peenae'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''hebridella'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Great Britain).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''venusta'' (Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''viridella'' (''D. purpurella'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vitosana'' (''D. saccifera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vogtiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vorasica'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''weissenbachiana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''wiefelspuetziana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sphagnicola'') (W. Europe).

This list follows the ''World checklist of monocotyledons'', periodically amended from the "Orchid Research Newsletter".

Distribution and habitat

These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows, bogs, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are distributed throughout the subarctic and temperate northern hemisphere. It is found across much of Europe, North Africa and Asia from Portugal and Iceland to Taiwan and Kamchatka, including Russia, Japan, China, Central Asia, the Middle East, Ukraine, Scandinavia, Germany, Poland, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, etc. Inclusion of the widespread frog orchid, often called '' Coeloglossum viride'', into ''Dactylorhiza'' as per some recent classifications,Bateman, R.M. (2009). Evolutionary classification of European orchids: the crucial importance of maximising explicit evidence and minimising authoritarian speculation. Journal Europäischer Orchideen 41: 243-318. s ''Dactylorhiza viridis''/ref> expands the genus distribution to include Canada and much of the United States.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ''Dactylorhiza''
/ref>

References

Bibliography

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External links

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Flora of North America Genus page

Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis


Dactylorhiza picture database

Mayank Thakur and V. K. Dixit, ''Aphrodisiac Activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo in Male Albino Rats'', Oxford Journals, Medicine, Evidence-based Compl. and Alt. Medicine, Volume 4, Supplement 1, p. 29-31

{{Taxonbar, from=Q311044

Orchideae genera