''Dactylorhiza'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the orchid

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under '' Orchis'', which has two round tubers.

Description

They are

hardy Hardy may refer to: People * Hardy (surname) * Hardy (given name) * Hardy (singer), American singer-songwriter Places Antarctica * Mount Hardy, Enderby Land * Hardy Cove, Greenwich Island * Hardy Rocks, Biscoe Islands Australia * Hardy, Sout ...

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure used as storage organs for nutrients in some plants. They are used for the plant's perennation (survival of the winter or dry months), to provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing ...

ous

geophyte A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy (generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have ...

s. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger-like. The long

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long

stem Stem or STEM may refer to: Plant structures * Plant stem, a plant's aboveground axis, made of vascular tissue, off which leaves and flowers hang * Stipe (botany), a stalk to support some other structure * Stipe (mycology), the stem of a mushro ...

which reaches a height of . Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...

, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact

raceme A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...

with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.

Taxonomy

Etymology

The name ''Dactylorhiza'' is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος ''daktylos'' 'finger' and ῥίζα ''rhiza'' 'root', referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus.

Species

Many

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague (but see), with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as pulverised fuel ash, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them. *''Dactylorhiza alpestris'' : Alpine Dactylorhiza (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians). *''Dactylorhiza angustata'' (France). *'' Dactylorhiza aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska). **''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska). **''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''kodiakensis'' : Kodiak Keyflower (Aleutian Is. to SW. Alaska). *''Dactylorhiza armeniaca'' (Turkey) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz *''Dactylorhiza atlantica'' Kreutz & Vlaciha (Morocco) *''Dactylorhiza baldshuanica'' (C. Asia). *'' Dactylorhiza baltica'' (Eastern Europe) (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza longifolia'' (Neuman) Aver.) *''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' (N. Greece). **''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' subsp. ''smolikana'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Greece) *''Dactylorhiza bohemica'' (EC. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' (Fr.) Soó (SE. Europe to Ukraine). **''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''bosniaca'' (N. Balkan Pen). **''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''cordigera'' (SE. Europe to Ukraine). **''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser) **''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''pindica'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (NW. Greece). **''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''rhodopeia'' Presser (Greece, Southeastern Europe, Europe) **''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''siculorum'' (Romania to W. Ukraine). *''Dactylorhiza ebudensis'' (Wief. ex R.M. Bateman & Denholm) P. Delforge :

Hebridean The Hebrides (; gd, Innse Gall, ; non, Suðreyjar, "southern isles") are an archipelago off the west coast of the Scottish mainland. The islands fall into two main groups, based on their proximity to the mainland: the Inner Hebrides, Inner a ...

marsh orchid *'' Dactylorhiza elata'' (Poir.) Soó : Stately Dactylorhiza (W. Europe to NW. Africa). **''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''ambigua'' (Martrin-Donos) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''brennensis'' (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''elata'' (NW. Africa). **''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''mauritanica'' B.Baumann & H. Baumann (Morocco, Algeria) **''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' (SW. Europe to Sicilia). *''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (Nevski) Czerep. **''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz *''Dactylorhiza flavescens'' (Turkey to C. Asia). *'' Dactylorhiza foliosa'' : Richly leaved Dactylorhiza (Madeira). *'' Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' (Druce) Soó : common spotted orchid, Fuch's dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' (Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''meyeri'' (Rchb.f.) Kulikov & E.G.Philippov **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''okellyi'' (Ireland, W. Great Britain). **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' (Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sooana'' (Borsos) Kreutz (Hungary) **''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sudetica'' (Poech ex Rchb.f.) H.Baumann *''Dactylorhiza gervasiana'' (Sicilia to S. Italy). *''Dactylorhiza graeca'' (N. Greece) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser) *''Dactylorhiza graggeriana'' (W. Himalaya). *'' Dactylorhiza hatagirea'' (Pakistan to SE. Tibet). *''Dactylorhiza iberica'' (Greece to Iran). *''Dactylorhiza ilgazica'' (N. Turkey) - now synonym of ''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz *'' Dactylorhiza incarnata'' (L.) Soó : early marsh orchid **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' var. ''baumgartneriana'' (B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''coccinea'' **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' (Europe to Turkey). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''gemmana'' (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' (Europe to Mongolia). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''krylovii'' (W. Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''lobelii'' (Norway to The Netherlands). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''versicolor'' (Europe) *'' Dactylorhiza insularis'' : Island Dactylorhiza (W. Medit. to WC. Italy). *''Dactylorhiza kafiriana'' (NE. Afghanistan to W. Himalaya). *''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' E.Nelson (N. Greece). **''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz *''Dactylorhiza kulikalonica'' (C. Asia). *'' Dactylorhiza lapponica'' (Laest.ex Hartm.) Soó (N. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''angustata'' (Arv.-Touv.) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''rhaetica'' H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Alps of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France) *''Dactylorhiza libanotica'' (Lebanon) *''

Dactylorhiza longifolia ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''baltica'' is a subspecies of ''Dactylorhiza majalis''. Sometimes, this plant is considered as a species: ''Dactylorhiza baltica''. This plant was described by (Klinge) H.Sund. This plant is native to Eastern Eu ...

'' (Europe to C. Asia). *''Dactylorhiza macedonica'' (N. Greece) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz *'' Dactylorhiza maculata'' (L.) Soó : heath spotted orchid, Moorland Spotted Orchid (NW. Africa, Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''battandieri'' (N. Algeria). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''caramulensis'' (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' : heath spotted orchid (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''islandica'' (Iceland). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''kolaensis'' (Montell) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' (Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maurusia'' (Morocco) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''podesta'' (Netherlands). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''rhoumensis'' (Great Britain) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''savogiensis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''schurii'' (Carpathians). **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''sennia'' (Vollmar) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''transsilvanica'' (SC. & SE. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza magna'' (C. Asia). *''

Dactylorhiza majalis ''Dactylorhiza majalis'', the broad-leaved marsh orchid, is a terrestrial Eurasian orchid. Subspecies include: western marsh orchid (''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis''), southern marsh orchid (''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''pra ...

'' (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. : broad-leaved marsh orchid, western marsh orchid, fan orchid, common marsh orchid (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' var. ''brevifolia'' (Rchb.f.) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''calcifugiens'' (Denmark) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain) (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kerryensis'' (Wilmott) P.F. Hunt & Summerhayes) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''parvimajalis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''sphagnicola'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (Alps to W. Carpathians) - has become a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz *''Dactylorhiza markusii'' : Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy). *''Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum'' (N. Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza occidentalis'' (Pugsley) P. Delforge : Irish marsh orchid (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kerryensis'' (Wilmott) P.F. Hunt & Summerhayes) *''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria). **''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''anatolica'' (Turkey). **''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria). *''Dactylorhiza pindica'' (NW. Greece). *''

Dactylorhiza praetermissa ''Dactylorhiza praetermissa'', the southern marsh orchid or leopard marsh orchid, is a commonly occurring species of European orchid. Description ''Dactylorhiza praetermissa'' grows to tall, with leaves generally unspotted. The flowers, appea ...

'' : leopard marsh orchid, southern marsh orchid (W. & NW. Europe) *''

Dactylorhiza purpurella ''Dactylorhiza purpurella'', the northern marsh orchid, is an orchid native to Great Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland ...

'' (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó : northern marsh orchid (Great Britain, Ireland). **''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. maculosa (T. Stephenson) **''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. purpurella **''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. ''cambrensis'' (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005 *''Dactylorhiza pythagorae'' (E. Aegean Is.) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz *''

Dactylorhiza romana ''Dactylorhiza romana'', the Roman dactylorhiza, is a species of orchid. It is native to the Mediterranean Region of southern Europe and northern Africa, the range extending eastward to Iran and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türk ...

'' : Roman Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean) *''

Dactylorhiza russowii ''Dactylorhiza russowii'' is a species of ''Dactylorhiza''. It is native to the areas from East Germany to Central Russia Central Russia is, broadly, the various areas in European Russia. Historically, the area of Central Russia varied ...

'' (Klinge) Holub (C. Europe to Siberia) *''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' (Brongn.) Soó : Sack-carrying Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean) **''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''gervasiana'' (Tod.) Kreutz *''Dactylorhiza salina'' (Caucasus to Amur) *''

Dactylorhiza sambucina ''Dactylorhiza sambucina'', the elder-flowered orchid, is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family Orchidaceae. It is quite common and widespread throughout much of Europe from Portugal east to Finland and Ukraine. The flowers appear in spring ...

'' : elder-flowered orchid (Europe).

Photos A photograph (also known as a photo, image, or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor, such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are now created ...

*''Dactylorhiza sudetica'' (Europe to Siberia) *''

Dactylorhiza traunsteineri ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'', the narrow-leaved marsh orchid or Traunsteiner's dactylorhiza, is a terrestrial species of orchid native to the cooler parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. It is native to Scandinavia, the Alps, and a region extending ...

'' (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó : narrow-leaved marsh orchid, Traunstein's Dactylorhiza (Europe to W. Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Slovakia) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz **''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''curvifolia'' (N. & NE. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. '' traunsteineri'' (Europe to W. Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''wirtgenii'' (Höppner) Kreutz **''

Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''traunsteinerioides'', known as the narrow-leaved marsh-orchid and Pugsley's marsh orchid, is a subspecies of ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' (the western marsh-orchid) found only in Britain and Ireland. It is also treat ...

'' (Pugsley) Landwehr (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''traunsteineri'') *''Dactylorhiza umbrosa'' (W. & C. Asia to Siberia) *''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele (N. & NE. Turkey to Iran) **''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz **''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''phoenissa'' B. Baumann & H. Baumann (Lebanon) **''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz *'' Dactylorhiza viridis'' : Frog orchid (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere). **''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''virescens'' (Temp. Asia, N. America) **''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''viridis'' (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere)

Hybrids

Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = subvariety. *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''abantiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aldenii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. kalopissii'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''altobracensis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (France, Austria). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. & C. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''aschersoniana'' (W. & C. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''templinensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothovar. ''uliginosa'' (''D. incarnata subsp.pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''baicalica '' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. salina'') (Siberia). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''balabaniana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bayburtiana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''beckeriana'' (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''boluiana'' (''D. nieschalkiorum'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bourdonii '' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (France). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''braunii'' (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''lilacina'' (''D fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'') (EC. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''monticola'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''smitakii'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''sooana'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe). te *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''breviceras'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''ampolai'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''carnea'' (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''maculatiformis''. (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''claudiopolitana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. schurii'') (Europe. *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''conigerum'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''csatoi'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. maculata'') (SE. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae'' (C. Asia). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''daunia'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. saccifera'') (S. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''delamainii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. maculata'') (SW. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'') (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''dinglensis'' (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''robertsii'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''cambrensi'') (Great Britain). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''senayi'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''townsendiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''vermeuleniana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''drucei'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe) *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dubreuilhii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftiana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''dufftii'' (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''gotlandica'' (''D incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''stenkyrkae'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''erdingeri'' (''D. sambucina'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). **''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). **''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''markowitschii'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''flixensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. traunsteineri.'') (Switzerland). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''formosa'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''fourkensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gabretana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''genevensis'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. latifolia'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''godferyana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''grandis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guilhotii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guillaumeae'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gustavssonii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece to Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' (''D maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''hallii'' (W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''nummiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hochreutinerana'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''insignis'' (''D. praetermissa'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ishorica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. longifolia'') (European Russia). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jenensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (W. & NC. Europe) *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jestrebiensis'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''juennensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''katarana'' (''D kalopissii'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kelleriana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerasovinensis'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Europe). ** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''kerneriorum'' (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''lillsundica'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'') (N. & W. Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''variablis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''komiensis'' (''D. hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'') (E. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kopdagiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''koutsourana'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kuuskiae'' (''D.longifolia'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (E. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''latirella'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''lehmannii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. russowii'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''megapolitana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''metsowonensis'' (''D. kalopissii'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mixtum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mulignensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''nevskii'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ornonensis'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''paridaeniana'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''pontica'' (''D. urvilleana'' × ''D. viridis'') (Turkey) *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''prochazkana'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. maculata'') (EC. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''renzii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rizeana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rombucina'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ruppertii'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''salictina'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serbica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serreana'' (''D. graeca'' × ''D. lagotis'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sivasiana'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sooi'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. fuchsii.'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''souflikensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. pindica'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''stagni-novi'' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. fuchsii'') (Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''szaboiana'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sudetica'') (SE. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (Europe) **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''corylensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'') **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens''subsp. ''ericetorum'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''transiens'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''turcestanicum'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. viridis'') (C. Asia). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vallis-peenae'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Europe). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''hebridella'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Great Britain). **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''venusta'' (Europe) *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''viridella'' (''D. purpurella'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vitosana'' (''D. saccifera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (SE. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vogtiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Turkey). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vorasica'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''weissenbachiana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe). *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''wiefelspuetziana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sphagnicola'') (W. Europe). This list follows the ''World checklist of monocotyledons'', periodically amended from the "Orchid Research Newsletter".

Distribution and habitat

These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows,

bog A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; a ...

s, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are distributed throughout the

subarctic The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of humid continental regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, ...

and

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

northern hemisphere. It is found across much of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

from

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

and

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

and Kamchatka, including

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

, the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion#Europe, subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

, etc. Inclusion of the widespread frog orchid, often called ''

Coeloglossum viride ''Coeloglossum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. It has long been considered to have only one species, ''Coeloglossum viride'', the frog orchid. Some recent classifications regard ''Coeloglossum'' as part of the ...

'', into ''Dactylorhiza'' as per some recent classifications,Bateman, R.M. (2009). Evolutionary classification of European orchids: the crucial importance of maximising explicit evidence and minimising authoritarian speculation. Journal Europäischer Orchideen 41: 243-318.

s ''Dactylorhiza viridis'' S, or s, is the nineteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ess'' (pronounced ), plural ''esses''. History ...

/ref> expands the genus distribution to include

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

and much of the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ''Dactylorhiza''
/ref>

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * *

External links

* *
Flora of North America Genus page

Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis

Dactylorhiza picture database

Mayank Thakur and V. K. Dixit, ''Aphrodisiac Activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo in Male Albino Rats'', Oxford Journals, Medicine, Evidence-based Compl. and Alt. Medicine, Volume 4, Supplement 1, p. 29-31
{{Taxonbar, from=Q311044 Orchideae genera