DOCK (Dedicator of cytokinesis) is a family of related

proteins Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

involved in

intracellular This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions ...

signalling In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. Any quantity that can vary over space or time can be used as a signal to share messages between observers. The ''IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing'' ...

networks. DOCK family members contain a

RhoGEF domain RhoGEF domain describes two distinct structural domains with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate small GTPases in the Rho family. Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to GDP but active when bound to GTP; RhoGEF d ...

to function as

guanine nucleotide exchange factors Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains that activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). A variety of unrelated structu ...

to promote

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is often ...

release and GTP binding to specific

Small GTPases Small GTPases (), also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotr ...

of the

Rho family The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found ...

(e.g.,

Rac RAC or Rac may refer to: Organizations * Radio Amateurs of Canada * RATCH-Australia Corporation, electricity generator * Refugee Action Collective (Victoria), Melbourne, Australia * Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism, US * Rent-A-Center, ...

and Cdc42), leading to their activation since Rho proteins are inactive when bound to GDP but active when bound to GTP. DOCK family proteins are categorised into four subfamilies based on their

sequence homology Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a spe ...

: *DOCK-A subfamily **

Dock180 Dock180, (Dedicator of cytokinesis) also known as DOCK1, is a large (~180 kDa) protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is the mammalian ortholog of the ''C. elegans'' protein CED-5 and belongs to the DOCK family of Guanine nucl ...

(also known as Dock1) **

Dock2 Dock2 (Dedicator of cytokinesis 2), also known as DOCK2, is a large (~180 kDa) protein involved in intracellular Cell signalling, signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-A subfamily of the DOCK (protein), DOCK family of guanine nucleotide ...

** Dock5 *DOCK-B subfamily ** Dock3 (also known as MOCA and PBP) ** Dock4 *DOCK-C subfamily (also known as Zir subfamily) **

Dock6 Dock6 (Dedicator of cytokinesis 6), also known as Zir1 is a large (~200 kDa) protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-C subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors which function ...

(also known as Zir1) ** Dock7 (also known as Zir2) ** Dock8 (also known as Zir3) *DOCK-D subfamily (also known as Zizimin subfamily) **

Dock9 Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 9 (Dock9), also known as Zizimin1, is a large (~230 kDa) protein encoded in the human by the ''DOCK9'' gene, involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-D subfamily of the DOCK fami ...

(also known as Zizimin1) ** Dock10 (also known as Zizimin3) **

Dock11 Dock11 (Dedicator of cytokinesis), also known as Zizimin2, is a large (~240 kDa) protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-D subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which ...

(also known as Zizimin2)

References

GTP-binding protein regulators {{protein-stub