''Cylinder'' is a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the genus

Conus ''Conus'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, or cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

, in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Conidae Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...

, the

cone snails A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines co ...

and their allies. In the new classification of the family Conidae by Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015), ''Cylinder'' has become a subgenus of ''Conus'': ''Conus (Cylinder)'' Petuch & Sargent, 2012 represented as ''

'' Thiele, 1929. Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). ''One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails''. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
/ref> The same study found ''Cylinder'' to be

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...

, but morphologically consistent, possibly corresponding to grades. ''Conus ammiralis'', ''Conus canonicus'' and ''Conus dalli'' cluster with the type species ''Conus textile'', the others form a separate

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

Distinguishing characteristics

The Tucker & Tenorio 2009 taxonomy distinguishes ''Cylinder'' from ''Conus'' in the following ways:Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp. * Genus ''Conus'' Linnaeus, 1758 :: Shell characters (living and fossil species) :::The basic shell shape is conical to elongated conical, has a deep anal notch on the shoulder, a smooth

periostracum The periostracum ( ) is a thin, organic coating (or "skin") that is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including molluscs and brachiopods. Among molluscs, it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in gastropods and ...

and a small operculum. The shoulder of the shell is usually nodulose and the

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

is usually multispiral. Markings often include the presence of tents except for black or white color variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. ::Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) :::The

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

has an elongated anterior section with serrations and a large exposed terminating cusp, a non-obvious waist, blade is either small or absent and has a short barb, and lacks a basal spur. ::Geographical distribution :::These species are found in the

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

region. ::Feeding habits :::These species eat other

s including

cones A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines conn ...

. * Subgenus ''Cylinder'' Montfort, 1810 ::Shell characters (living and fossil species) :::The shell is ovate to elongated in shape. The

is multispiral, the spire is conical to convex in shape. The anal notch is deep. The shell is conspicuously ornamented with rows of tents or textile bars. The

is smooth, and the operculum is small. ::Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) :::The anterior section of the

is substantially more elongated than the posterior section. The waist is not obvious. A basal spur is absent, and the barb is short. The blade and a terminating cusp are present. ::Geographical distribution :::All but one species in this genus are found in the Indo-Pacific region; ''Cylinder dalli'' is found in the Eastern Pacific region. ::Feeding habits :::These species are molluscivorous (meaning that they prey on other mollusks).

Species list

This list of species is based on the information in the

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...

(

WoRMS Worms may refer to: *Worm, an invertebrate animal with a tube-like body and no limbs Places *Worms, Germany, a city **Worms (electoral district) *Worms, Nebraska, U.S. *Worms im Veltlintal, the German name for Bormio, Italy Arts and entertainme ...

) list. Species within the genus ''Cylinder'' include: * ''Cylinder abbas'' (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792): synonym of '' Conus abbas'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Cylinder ammiralis'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Conus (Cylinder) ammiralis'' Linnaeus, 1758, represented as ''

Conus ammiralis ''Conus ammiralis'', common name the admiral cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conus'', these snails are predatory and ve ...

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Cylinder aureus'' (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792): synonym of '' Conus aureus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Cylinder barbieri'' (G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1995): synonym of '' Conus barbieri'' G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1995 * ''Cylinder bengalensis'' (Okutani, 1968): synonym of '' Conus bengalensis'' (Okutani, 1968) * ''Cylinder biancae'' (Bozzetti, 2010): synonym of '' Conus biancae'' Bozzetti, 2010 * ''Cylinder canonicus'' (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792): synonym of '' Conus canonicus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Cylinder dalli'' (Stearns, 1873): synonym of '' Conus dalli'' Stearns, 1873 * ''Cylinder dondani'' (Kosuge, 1981): synonym of '' Conus dondani'' Kosuge, 1981 * ''Cylinder erythrostoma'' (Meuschen, 1787): synonym of '' Miniaceoliva miniacea'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Cylinder gloriamaris'' (Chemnitz, 1777): synonym of '' Conus gloriamaris'' Chemnitz, 1777 * ''Cylinder glorioceanus'' (Poppe & Tagaro, 2009): synonym of '' Conus glorioceanus'' Poppe & Tagaro, 2009 * ''Cylinder legatus'' (Lamarck, 1810): synonym of '' Conus legatus'' Lamarck, 1810 * ''Cylinder nodulosus'' (G.B. Sowerby II, 1864): synonym of '' Conus nodulosus'' G.B. Sowerby II, 1864 * ''Cylinder pacificus'' (Moolenbeek & Röckel, 1996): synonym of '' Conus pacificus'' Moolenbeek & Röckel, 1996 * ''Cylinder paulucciae'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1887): synonym of ''Cylinder aureus paulucciae'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1887) represented as ''Conus aureus paulucciae'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1887 * ''Cylinder priscai'' Bozzetti, 2012: synonym of ''Conus (Cylinder) priscai'' Bozzetti, 2012 represented as '' Conus priscai'' (Bozzetti, 2012) * ''Cylinder retifer'' (Menke, 1829): synonym of '' Conus retifer'' Menke, 1829 * ''Cylinder scottjordani'' (Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012): synonym of ''Conus (Cylinder) scottjordani'' (Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012) represented as '' Conus scottjordani'' (Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012) * ''Cylinder tagaroae'' Limpalaër & Monnier, 2013: synonym of ''Conus (Cylinder) tagaroae'' (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2013) represented as Conus tagaroae (Limpalaër & Monnier, 2013) * ''Cylinder telatus'' (Reeve, 1848): synonym of '' Conus telatus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Cylinder textile'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

Conus textile ''Conus textile'', the textile cone or the cloth of gold cone is a venomous species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones. Textile cone snails live mostly in the Indian Ocean, a ...

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Cylinder victoriae'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of '' Conus victoriae'' Reeve, 1843

References

External links

To World Register of Marine Species

Gastropods.com: ''Conidae'' setting forth the genera recognized therein.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5199261 Conidae Gastropod subgenera

Distinguishing characteristics

Species list

References

Further reading

External links