The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology ( pl, Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy,Statut Narodowego Instytutu Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie - Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego
/ref> until 2020 ''Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology'', pl, Centrum Onkologii–Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie) is a specialized

research institute A research institute, research centre, research center or research organization, is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often i ...

and

hospital A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergen ...

of the Polish Ministry of Health. Based in

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

, it also has regional branches in

Gliwice Gliwice (; german: Gleiwitz) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. The city is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica river (a tributary of the Oder). It lies approximately 25 km west from Katowice, the regional capi ...

and

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

. It was founded in 1932 as the Radium Institute by double-

Nobel laureate The Nobel Prizes ( sv, Nobelpriset, no, Nobelprisen) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make o ...

Maria Skłodowska-Curie Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie ( , , ; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first ...

in collaboration with the Polish Government, especially President

Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Mościcki (; 1 December 18672 October 1946) was a Polish chemist and politician who was the country's president from 1926 to 1939. He was the longest serving president in Polish history. Mościcki was the President of Poland when Germany ...

History

The institute was created in 1925 following the success of the first Radium Institute, which had been set up in 1918 by Maria Skłodowska-Curie at the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

. While Maria toured the United States to raise funds, receiving the gift of a gram of radium from US President

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gre ...

that had been bought with funds raised by American women, her sister

Bronisława Dłuska Bronisława Dłuska (; ; 28 March 186515 April 1939) was a Polish physician, and co-founder and first director of Warsaw's Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology. She was married to political activist Kazimierz Dłuski, and was an older ...

supervised fundraising in Poland and oversaw the construction and recruitment, organising a campaign that sold symbolic bricks featuring Maria's image. It was officially opened on 29 May 1932, with Bronisława continuing as the director. One of the institute's brick walls bears the inscription, "''MARII SKŁODOWSKIEJ CURIE, W HOŁDZIE''"—"In homage to Maria Skłodowska Curie." In August 1944, during the

Ochota massacre The Ochota Massacre (in Polish: ''Rzeź Ochoty'' – ''"Ochota slaughter"'') was a wave of German-orchestrated mass murder, looting, arson, torture and rape, which swept through the Warsaw district of Ochota from 4–25 August 1944, during the Wa ...

that followed the

Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising ( pl, powstanie warszawskie; german: Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation by the Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led ...

, the patients and the staff were brutally murdered by the members of

S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A. Kaminski Brigade, also known as Waffen-Sturm-Brigade der SS RONA, was a collaborationist formation composed of Russian nationals from the territory of the Lokot Autonomy in Axis-occupied areas of the RSFSR, Soviet Union on the Eastern Front.R ...

anti-partisan formation, and the building looted and set on fire. After World War II, the Institute re-opened and changed its name to "Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of

Oncology Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis and prevention of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an ''oncologist''. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος (''ó ...

", developing into a specialized

and

of the Polish Ministry of Health, and opening regional branches in

and

. It is now the leading and most specialized

cancer research Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate an ...

and treatment center in Poland. In May 2013, the institute was brought to international attention when it performed a full

face transplant A face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's face using tissue from a donor. Part of a field called "Vascularized Composite Tissue Allotransplantation" (VCA) it involves the transplantation of facial skin, the ...

on a man who had been in an industrial accident just a few weeks prior. Just a few months later, they completed a face transplant on a woman who had been disfigured by tumor to the point the she could not eat or talk without great difficulty.

References

External links

Official website Warsaw

Official website Gliwice

Official website Cracow
{{Authority control Organizations established in 1932 Buildings and structures in Warsaw Education in Warsaw Organisations based in Warsaw Medical research institutes in Poland 1932 establishments in Poland Marie Curie

History

See also

References

External links