Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of
Latin America
Latin America or
* french: Amérique Latine, link=no
* ht, Amerik Latin, link=no
* pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived ...
, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples, enslaved Africans during colonial times, and Europeans.
Examples include:
*
Colombian cumbia, is a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the ...
.
It has elements of three different cultures, American Indigenous, African, and Spanish, being the result of the long and intense meeting of these cultures during the
Conquest
Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms.
Military history provides many examples of conquest: the Roman conquest of Britain, the Mauryan conquest of Afghanistan and of vast areas of the Indian subcontinent, ...
and the
Colony
In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state' ...
.
*
Panamanian cumbia, Panamanian folk dance and musical genre, developed by enslaved people of African descent during colonial times and later syncretized with American Indigenous and European cultural elements.
Regional adaptations of Colombian cumbia
Argentina
*
Argentine cumbia
Argentine cumbia is an umbrella term that comprises several distinct trends within the same tradition: the dance and music style known as cumbia in Argentina.
Originally from Colombia, cumbia has been well-known and appreciated in Argentina for a ...
*
Cumbia villera
Cumbia villera ( or ) (roughly translated as "slum cumbia", "ghetto cumbia", or " shantytown cumbia") is a subgenre of cumbia music originating in Argentina in the late 1990s and popularized all over Latin America and Latin communities abroad.
...
, a subgenre of Argentine cumbia born in the slums
*
Fantasma, a 2001 group formed by Martín Roisi and Pablo Antico
*
Cumbia santafesina, a musical genre emerged in Santa Fe, Argentina
Bolivia
*
Bolivian cumbia
Chile
*
Chilean cumbia
*
New Chilean cumbia
The New Chilean Cumbia also known as New Chilean Cumbia Rock (Spanish: ''Nueva cumbia chilena'', ''Nueva cumbia rock chilena'') is a subgenre of cumbia music that originated in Chile in the early 2000s and that largely surfaced in mainstream me ...
Costa Rica
*
Costa Rican cumbia
Ecuador
*
Ecuadorian cumbia
El Salvador
*
Salvadoran cumbia
*
Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Guatemala
*
Guatemalan cumbia
*
Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Honduras
*
Honduran cumbia
*
Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Mexico
*
Mexican cumbia
Mexican cumbia is a type of cumbia, a music which originated in Colombia but was reinvented and adapted in Mexico.
Origins
The cumbia started in Colombia in the 1800s. In the 1940s Colombian singer Luis Carlos Meyer Castandet emigrated to Mexic ...
*
Southeast cumbia or chunchaca, a variant of Mexican cumbia
*
Northern Mexican cumbia, a variant of Mexican cumbia, developed in northeastern Mexico and part of Texas (former Mexican territory)
*
Cumbia sonidera, a variant of Mexican cumbia
*
Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Nicaragua
*
Nicaraguan cumbia
*
Cumbia chinandegana
*
Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Panama
*
Panamanian cumbia
Paraguay
*
Cachaca, a fusion of cumbia sonidera, norteña, vallenato and cumbia villera
Peru
*
Peruvian cumbia
Peruvian cumbia is a subgenre of chicha (Andean tropical music) that became popular in the coastal cities of Peru, mainly in Lima in the 1960s through the fusion of local versions of the original Colombian genre, traditional highland huayno, a ...
also known as ''chicha'' or psychedelic cumbia
*
Chicha
''Chicha'' is a fermented (alcoholic) or non-fermented beverage of Latin America, emerging from the Andes and Amazonia regions. In both the pre- and post- Spanish conquest periods, corn beer ('' chicha de jora'') made from a variety of maize ...
or Andean tropical music
*
Amazonian cumbia or jungle cumbia, a popular subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, created in the Peruvian Amazon
*
Cumbia piurana, a set of styles and sub-genres linked to cumbia that have been produced in Piura, a region on the north Peruvian coast, since the mid-1960s
*
Cumbia sanjuanera, a subgenre of cumbia piurana
*
Cumbia sureña, a subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, a fusion of Andean cumbia and techno
Uruguay
*
Uruguayan cumbia
Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while borderin ...
Venezuela
*
Venezuelan cumbia
References
{{SIA