Cristian Sorin Calude (born 21 April 1952) is a Romanian-New Zealander mathematician and

computer scientist A computer scientist is a person who is trained in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation, as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus (a ...

Biography

After graduating from the Vasile Alecsandri National College in

Galați Galați (, , ; also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in eastern Romania. Galați is a port town on the Danube River. It has been the only port for the most pa ...

, he studied at the

University of Bucharest The University of Bucharest ( ro, Universitatea din București), commonly known after its abbreviation UB in Romania, is a public university founded in its current form on by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princel ...

, where he was student of Grigore C. Moisil and

Solomon Marcus Solomon Marcus (; 1 March 1925 – 17 March 2016) was a Romanian mathematician, member of the Mathematical Section of the Romanian Academy (full member from 2001) and emeritus professor of the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Mathematics. ...

. Calude received his

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...

in Mathematics from the University of Bucharest under the direction of Solomon Marcus in 1977. He is currently chair professor at the

University of Auckland , mottoeng = By natural ability and hard work , established = 1883; years ago , endowment = NZD $293 million (31 December 2021) , budget = NZD $1.281 billion (31 December 2021) , chancellor = Cecilia Tarrant , vice_chancellor = Dawn ...

, New Zealand and also the founding director of the Centre for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. Visiting professor in many universities in Europe, North and South America, Australasia, South Africa, including Monbusho Visiting Professor, JAIST, 1999 and visiting professor ENS, Paris, 2009,

École Polytechnique École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savo ...

, Paris, 2011; visiting fellow,

Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences The Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences is an international research institute for mathematics and its many applications at the University of Cambridge. It is named after one of the university's most illustrious figures, the mathema ...

, 2012; guest professor,

Sun Yat-sen University Sun Yat-sen University (, abbreviated SYSU and colloquially known in Chinese as Zhongda), also known as Zhongshan University, is a national key public research university located in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It was founded in 1924 by and nam ...

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kong ...

, China, 2017–2020; visiting fellow

ETH (colloquially) , former_name = eidgenössische polytechnische Schule , image = ETHZ.JPG , image_size = , established = , type = Public , budget = CHF 1.896 billion (2021) , rector = Günther Dissertori , president = Joël Mesot , a ...

Zurich, 2019. Former professor at the

. Calude is author or co-author of more than 270 research articles and 8 books, and is cited by more than 550 authors. He is known for research in

algorithmic information theory Algorithmic information theory (AIT) is a branch of theoretical computer science that concerns itself with the relationship between computation and information of computably generated objects (as opposed to stochastically generated), such as str ...

quantum computing Quantum computing is a type of computation whose operations can harness the phenomena of quantum mechanics, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement. Devices that perform quantum computations are known as quantum computers. Though ...

discrete mathematics Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that can be considered "discrete" (in a way analogous to discrete variables, having a bijection with the set of natural numbers) rather than "continuous" (analogously to continuous ...

and the history and philosophy of computation. In 2017, together with Sanjay Jain,

Bakhadyr Khoussainov Bakhadyr M. Khoussainov (Cyrillic: Бахадыр Хусаинов) is a computer scientist and mathematician, who was born and educated in the Soviet Union, works in the fields of mathematical logic, computability theory, computable model theory a ...

, Wei Li, and Frank Stephan, he announced an algorithm for deciding parity games in quasipolynomial time. Their result was presented by

at the

Symposium on Theory of Computing The Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science. STOC has been organized annually since 1969, typically in May or June; the conference is sponsored by the Association for ...

2017 and won a Best Paper Award. Calude was awarded the

National Order of Faithful Service The National Order of Faithful Service ( ro, Ordinul Național "Serviciul Credincios") is the second highest national order of Romania, with the Order of the Star of Romania being the highest national order. Originally it was established as the M ...

in the degree of Knight by the

President of Romania The president of Romania ( ro, Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania. Following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, the president is directly elected by a two-round system and serves for five years. An indi ...

, Mr.

Klaus Iohannis Klaus Werner Iohannis (; ; also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is a Romanian politician, physicist and former teacher who has been serving as the president of Romania since 2014. He became leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL) in 201 ...

, in June 2019. In 2021, together with Sanjay Jain,

, Wei Li, and Frank Stephan, he won the EATCS Nerode Prize for their quasipolynomial time algorithm for deciding parity games.

Distinctions and prizes

*"Computing Reviews Award",

Association for Computing Machinery The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a US-based international learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947 and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. The ACM is a non-profit professional membe ...

, New York City, 1986. *"Gheorghe Lazăr" Mathematics Prize,

Romanian Academy The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its by ...

, Romania, 1988. *Excellence in Research Award, University of Bucharest, Romania, 2007. *Dean's Award for Excellence in Teaching, University of Auckland, 2007. * Hood Fellow, 2008–2009. *Member of the

Academia Europaea The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of Humanities, Letters, Law, and Sciences. The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of Europea ...

, 2008. *Romanian

in the degree of Knight, June 2019. *"EATCS-IPEC Nerode Prize", 2021.

Selected bibliography

Articles

*C. S. Calude, S. Jain, B. Khoussainov, W. Li, and F. Stephan. "Deciding parity games in quasi-polynomial time", ''

SIAM Journal on Computing The ''SIAM Journal on Computing'' is a scientific journal focusing on the mathematical and formal aspects of computer science. It is published by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). Although its official ISO abbreviation is ...

'', (2020), STOC17-152—STOC17-188. . *A. A. Abbott, C. S. Calude, M. J. Dinneen, R. Hua. "A hybrid quantum-classical paradigm to mitigate embedding costs in quantum annealing", ''

International Journal of Quantum Information The ''International Journal of Quantum Information'' was established in 2003 and is published by World Scientific. It covers the field of quantum information science, with topics on areas such as quantum metrology, quantum cryptography, quantum com ...

'' 1950042-40 (2019). . *A. A. Abbott, C. S. Calude, M. J. Dinneen, N. Huang. "Experimentally probing the algorithmic randomness and incomputability of quantum randomness", ''

Physica Scripta ''Physica Scripta'' is an international scientific journal for experimental and theoretical physics. It was established in 1970 as the successor of ''Arkiv för Fysik'' and published by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (KVA). Since 2006, it h ...

'', 94 (2019) 045103. . *C. S. Calude, M. Dumitrescu. "A probabilistic anytime algorithm for the Halting Problem", ''Computability'', 7 (2018) 259–271. . *C. S. Calude, L. Staiger. "Liouville numbers, Borel normality and algorithmic randomness", '' Theory of Computing Systems'', First online 27 April 2017. . *C. S. Calude, L. Staiger, F. Stephan. "Finite state incompressible infinite sequences", ''

Information and Computation ''Information and Computation'' is a closed-access computer science journal published by Elsevier (formerly Academic Press). The journal was founded in 1957 under its former name ''Information and Control'' and given its current title in 1987. , t ...

'' 247 (2016), 23–36. . *C. S. Calude, G. Longo. "The deluge of spurious correlations in big data", ''

Foundations of Science ''Foundations of Science'' is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary academic journal focussing on methodological and philosophical topics concerning the structure and the growth of science. It is the official journal of the Association for Foundation ...

'' 22, 3, (2016), 595–612. . *A. Abbott, C. S. Calude, K. Svozil. "A variant of the Kochen-Specker theorem localising value indefiniteness", ''

Journal of Mathematical Physics The ''Journal of Mathematical Physics'' is a peer-reviewed journal published monthly by the American Institute of Physics devoted to the publication of papers in mathematical physics. The journal was first published bimonthly beginning in Jan ...

'' 56, 102201 (2015), . *C. S. Calude, E. Calude, M. J. Dinneen. "Adiabatic Quantum Computing Challenges", '' ACM SIGACT News'' 46,1 (2015), 40–61. . *A. Abbott, C. S. Calude, K. Svozil. "Value-indefinite observables are almost everywhere", ''

Physical Review A ''Physical Review A'' (also known as PRA) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Physical Society covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. the editor was Jan M. Rost ( Max Planck Ins ...

'' 89, 3 (2014), . . *C. S. Calude, M. J. Dinneen, M. Dumitrescu, K. Svozil. "Experimental evidence of quantum randomness incomputability", ''Physical Review A'' 82, 022102 (2010), 1–8. . *C. S. Calude, M. A. Stay. "Most programs stop quickly or never halt", '' Advances in Applied Mathematics'', 40 (2008), 295–308. . *C. S. Calude, G. J. Chaitin. "Randomness everywhere", ''

Nature Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are p ...

'' 400, 22 July (1999), 319–320. .

Books

* A. Bellow, C. S. Calude, , (eds.) ''Mathematics Almost Everywhere: In Memory of Solomon Marcus'',

World Scientific World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore. The company was founded in 1981. It publishes about 600 books annually, along with 135 journals in various ...

, Singapore, 2018. . *M. Burgin, C. S. Calude, (eds.) ''Information and Complexity'' World Scientific, Singapore, 2017. . * C. S. Calude (ed.) ''The Human Face of Computing'', Imperial College Press, London, 2015. ''21st Annual Best of Computing'', The Notable Books and Articles List for 2016,

ACM Computing Reviews ''ACM Computing Reviews'' (''CR'') is a scientific journal that reviews literature in the field of computer science. It is published by the Association for Computing Machinery and the editor-in-chief is Carol Hutchins (New York University). See al ...

, July 2017. . * C. S. Calude (ed.) ''Randomness & Complexity, From Leibniz to Chaitin'', World Scientific, Singapore, 2007. , *C. S. Calude. ''Information and Randomness: An Algorithmic Perspective'', 2nd Edition, Revised and Extended, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2002. . *C. S. Calude, G. Păun
''Computing with Cells and Atoms''

Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals. Its parts include Taylor & Francis, Routledge, F1000 Research or Dovepress. It is a division of Informa plc, a United Ki ...

, London, 2001. . *C. Calude
''Theories of Computational Complexity''
North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1988. .

Notes

External links

*
Cristian Calude
at

Mathematics Genealogy Project The Mathematics Genealogy Project (MGP) is a web-based database for the academic genealogy of mathematicians.. By 31 December 2021, it contained information on 274,575 mathematical scientists who contributed to research-level mathematics. For a ...

*
CDMTCS at the University of AucklandCristian S. Calude
member page at

"C. S. Calude" Mathematics Regional Contest, National College "Vasile Alecsandri", Galați, Romania"Cristian S. Calude 60th Birthday"
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Calude, Cristian S 1952 births Living people People from Galați University of Bucharest alumni Romanian mathematicians 20th-century New Zealand mathematicians 21st-century New Zealand mathematicians University of Auckland faculty Members of Academia Europaea Romanian computer scientists