Council of Islamic Ideology (CII; ( ur, ) is a

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pr ...

al body of

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

, responsible for giving legal advice on

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...

ic issues to the

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government i ...

and the

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...

. This body was founded in 1962 under the government of

Ayub Khan Ayub Khan is a compound masculine name; Ayub is the Arabic version of the name of the Biblical figure Job, while Khan or Khaan is taken from the title used first by the Mongol rulers and then, in particular, their Islamic and Persian-influenced s ...

Functions

The council has the following functions:Functions of the Council of Islamic Ideology
Government of Pakistan website, Retrieved 10 September 2020 # To recommend laws conforming to

Quran The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , ...

and

Sunnah In Islam, , also spelled ( ar, سنة), are the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. The sunnah is what all the Muslims of Muhammad's time evidently saw and followed and passed ...

to the

and ''Provincial Assemblies''. # To advise the

, Government of Pakistan,

President of Pakistan The president of Pakistan ( ur, , translit=s̤adr-i Pākiṣṭān), officially the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces.Governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

on any question referred to the council as to whether a proposed law is or is not repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam. # To make recommendations to bring current laws into conformity with Islamic injunctions. # To compile guidance for the

and ''Provincial Assemblies''. However, the Government can make a law before advice is furnished by the council. The council is also responsible for submitting an annual interim report, which is discussed in the

and ''Provincial Assemblies'' within six months of its receipt. Recently, the council was strongly criticized in many traditionalist quarters for its recommendations on the procedure for

khula Khulʿ ( ar, خلع), also called khula, is a procedure through which a woman can give a divorce to her husband in Islam, by returning the dower (''mahr'') or something else that she received from her husband or without returning anything, as a ...

. (See also Talaq (conflict)).

Views

*In 2013, the council rules that

DNA testing Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, ...

could not be used as a primary proof in rape cases, but be used as a supplementary proof, they later said it can be used as the main evidence. *The council has also declared

human Cloning Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy (or clone) of a human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. It does not refer to the natural concept ...

and

sex reassignment surgery Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is a surgical procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a transgender or transsexual person's physical appearance and sexual characteristics to resemble those associated with their identified gender, and a ...

as illegal in Islam whereas test tube births were allowed, within certain conditions. It further states that practice of secret recordings as evidence for court cases should not be part of general policy, but it can be done in selected cases. *Regarding the existing law that requires a "written approval" from the first wife if a man wants to go for the second marriage, the council is of the view that these laws are against Islamic principles and therefore should be abolished. Maulana Sheerani chairman of the council said, "The government should amend the law to make the issue of more than one marriage easy and in accordance with Sharia. We urge the government to formulate Sharia-compliant laws related to nikah, divorce, adulthood and will." In spite of this recommendation from CII, in November 2017, a Lahore lower court ruled against a man who married a second woman without obtaining permission from his first wife. He was sentenced to a six-month jail term and fined Rs 2,00,000. *In a review of marriage laws in March 2014, CII declared them unislamic. According to the council there are two stages of a marriage,

Nikah In Islam, nikah is a contract between two people. Both the groom and the bride are to consent to the marriage of their own free wills. A formal, binding contract – verbal or on paper – is considered integral to a religiously valid Islam ...

and

Rukhsati Marriage in Pakistan ( ur, ) pertains to wedding traditions established and adhered by Pakistani men and women. Despite their local and regional variations, marriages in Pakistan generally follow Islamic marital jurisprudence., they are very si ...

. While Nikah can be done at any age, Rukhsati can only take place once she reaches the age of

puberty Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a ...

and is the responsibility of her guardian. * The council on 21 January 2019 ruled that Divorcing thrice ''at once'' is against the

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the mon ...

, rather it should be given over a period of time, it asked government to make this act punishable. It also ruled that a woman older than 40 can serve as a judge.

Chairmen

* Justice Abu Saleh Muhammad Akram (1 August 1962 - 5 February 1964)List of Chairmen of the Council of Islamic Ideology
Government of Pakistan website, Retrieved 10 September 2020 * Prof. Allama Allauddin Siddiqui (6 February 1964 - 31 January 1973) * Justice Hamoodur Rahman (2 February 1974 - 1 February 1977) * Justice Mohammad Afzal Cheema (26 September 1977 - 16 May 1980) * Justice Tanzil-ur-Rahman (27 May 1980 - 30 May 1984) * Prof. A.W.J. Halepota (7 May 1986 - 6 May 1989) * Justice Mohammad Haleem (25 February 1990 - 24 February 1993) *

Maulana Kausar Niazi Kausar Niazi ( ur, ), born as Muhammad Hayyat Khan and commonly known as Maulana Kausar Niazi (21 April 1934 – 19 March 1994), was a Pakistani politician and a religious leader in Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Nia ...

(15 December 1993 - 19 March 1994) * Iqbal Ahmad Khan (11 June 1994 - 10 June 1997) * S.M. Zaman (10 September 1997 - 16 October 2003) * Dr. Muhammad Khalid Masud (16 June 2004 - 14 June 2010) * Maulana Muhammad Khan Sherani (16 November 2010 - 17 November 2016) * Dr. Qibla Ayaz (6 November 2017 – present)

Current members

* Qibla Ayaz * Arif Hussain Wahidi * Syed Iftikhar Hussain Naqvi * Abdul Hakeem Akbari * Pir Fazeel * Dr. Qari Abdul Rasheed (T.I) * Syed Muhammad Anwer * Fazal-ur-Rahim * Muhammad Raza Khan * Manzoor Hussain Gillani *

Muhammad Hanif Jalandhari Muhammad Hanif Jalandhari (born; 8 November 1963) (مولانا محمد حنیف جالندھری) is a Pakistani Islamic scholar, incumbent General Secretary of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan the rector of Jamia Khairul Madaris since 198 ...

* Muhammad Raghib Hussain Naeemi * Shafiqur Rehman Pasruri * Abul Muzaffar Ghulam Muhammad Sialvi * Ahmed Javed * Khurshid Ahmad Nadeem * Malik Allah Buksh Kalyar * Rooh-ul-Husnain Mueen * Farkhanda Zia * Sahibzada Sajid-ur-Rehman

First members

The council was then known as Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology. Its first nine members were: History of the Council of Islamic Ideology
Government of Pakistan website, Retrieved 18 November 2018 * Justice Abu Saleh Muhammad Akram, former judge of Federal Court of Pakistan (Chairman) * Justice Muhammad Sharif, former Judge Supreme Court of Pakistan * Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi,

Punjab, Pakistan Punjab (; , ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in central-eastern region of the country, Punjab is the second-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the largest province by population. It shares land borders with the ...

* Mohmmad Akram Khan; * Abdul Hamid Badayuni,

Karachi Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former c ...

* Hafiz Kifayat Husain,

Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second List of cities in Pakistan by population, most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th List of largest cities, most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is th ...

* Dr.

Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi ( ur, ) (20 November 1903 – 22 January 1981) popularly known as I.H. Qureshi, ''SP'', ''HI'', was a Pakistani conservative nationalist historian and playwright. He was the Vice Chancellor of the University of K ...

, Head, Islamic Research Institute, Karachi * Abdul Hashim, Islamic Academy,

Dhaka Dhaka ( or ; bn, ঢাকা, Ḍhākā, ), List of renamed places in Bangladesh, formerly known as Dacca, is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city of Bangladesh, as well as the world's largest ...

* Another member from

East Pakistan East Pakistan was a Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which, in modern times, is split between India and Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India and Myanmar, wit ...

; * Syed Najmul Hassan Kararvi

References

External links

{{wikiquote
Official website - Council of Islamic Ideology
Ideologies Islam in Pakistan Conservatism in Pakistan Political and economic think tanks based in Pakistan Pakistan federal departments and agencies Sharia in Pakistan Government agencies established in 1962 1962 establishments in Pakistan Transgender law Transgender in Asia