CosMoS CE2F were a series of Swimmer Delivery Vehicle (SDV) built by M/s Cos.Mo.S Spa. which was based in

Livorno Livorno () is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 158,493 residents in December 2017. It is traditionally known in English as Leghorn (prono ...

, Italy.

Design

Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum0161jfCamp Aguinaldo Arturo Enrile AFP Museum Capinpin Street Quezon Cityfvf 10

The craft weighs 2,100 kilograms out of water and is 7 or 8 meters long according to type. It resembles a torpedo but has two cockpits for the crew. Many some models have a roof with sliding doors for the cockpits. In some models the rear cockpit is long and can seat two divers for a total crew of three. Its battery-electric motors gives it a submerged range of 50 nautical miles (95 km) at four knots, the maximum speed being five knots. For long distance it generally reaches the operating area either attached to or towed by another vessel. A belly-pan beneath its hull can carry special equipment, or 230 kg of heavy explosive charges, or 150 kg of limpet mines, or small 'micro-torpedoes' stated to be for use against divers or small underwater vehicles. They were made in various variants and supplied to various countries. Models were designated according to maximum operating depth in meters - /X30 = 30m etc. X30, X60 and X100 versions were sold. The /X100T version was the most advanced type marketed showing the final evolution of the design. It has digital control module, displaying navigation and platform details, and a fully integrated

autopilot An autopilot is a system used to control the path of an aircraft, marine craft or spacecraft without requiring constant manual control by a human operator. Autopilots do not replace human operators. Instead, the autopilot assists the operator' ...

. Images (see the references below) of the roofed versions of these vehicles show no forward direct vision windows (but only side windows in the sliding doors), and pilot vision was by a screen in the cockpit from a television camera, likeliest in the front of the vehicle's hemispherical bow; this presumably would prevent carriage of a warhead or other load by attaching it to the front of the bow as was done on

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

human torpedo Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle on which the diver rides, generally in a seated position behind a fairing. They were used as secret naval weapons in World War II. The basic concept is still in use. ...

es.

Timeline

* 1950's: The ex-

Decima Flottiglia MAS The ''Decima Flottiglia MAS'' (''Decima Flottiglia Motoscafi Armati Siluranti'', also known as ''La Decima'' or Xª MAS) ( Italian for "10th Assault Vehicle Flotilla") was an Italian flotilla, with commando frogman unit, of the '' Regia Marina' ...

member Ing. Pucciarini set up Cos.Mo.S Spa ('Cosmos'), which started to build wet subs for civilian and military use. The history of Cosmos was secretive and not well known. * 1950/51: Cosmos started making a type of small "chariot"-type wetsub called ''Ippocampo'' (Italian for "

seahorse A seahorse (also written ''sea-horse'' and ''sea horse'') is any of 46 species of small marine fish in the genus ''Hippocampus''. "Hippocampus" comes from the Ancient Greek (), itself from () meaning "horse" and () meaning "sea monster" or " ...

") for tourist and sports use. Some had a

petrol Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organi ...

engine with a long intake air hose to a float; some had a battery-electric engine. * Mid-1980s: Pucciarini sought retirement. The firm was eventually sold to Carlos Cardoen. * Late 1980s: Cosmos had been negotiating a sale of wetsubs to Iraq, but Middle East politics interfered. * April 1981: Woojungsa, a Korean scuba gear firm, was set up. * 1993: Woojungsa set up Samcheok Yard. * 1996: Woojungsa developed a Korean standard military

drysuit A dry suit or drysuit provides the wearer with environmental protection by way of thermal insulation and exclusion of water, and is worn by divers, boaters, water sports enthusiasts, and others who work or play in or near cold or contaminated ...

. * Woojungsa started making

RIB In vertebrate anatomy, ribs ( la, costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton. In most tetrapods, ribs surround the chest, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the ch ...

s, by technology transfer from Delta Power Services in UK. * 1997: The IMF crisis broke out, and Korea found it easier to make its own boats than to import them; Woojungsa benefitted from this. *

Coastguard A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to ...

s needed a better patrol boat for rough weather. This need was fulfilled by the first Korean self-righting patrol boat, which Woojungsa designed and made. * 1999: Woosungja set up its Research and Development lab is established. The company name was changed to VOGO. It means "treasure house" in Korean, and it is similar to the name of the powerful maritime figure

Jang Bogo Jang Bogo (787–841), childhood name: Gungbok, was a Sillan who rose to prominence in the Later Silla period of Korea as a powerful maritime figure who effectively controlled the Yellow Sea (West Sea), and dominated the trade between Silla, H ...

from the Shilla period. * 2000: VOGO started making aluminium ships. * Early 2000s: The Italian Government closed Cosmos down, stated to be because of undesirable political involvements. Cosmos had transferred technology to WooJungSa (no
Vogo Engineering
. Good quality of Cosmos's products led to new small/wet-sub manufacturers to start making them, including in South Korea, UAE, Sweden and Indonesia. * 2005: The latest (as at end of 2015) modern form of the CE2F submersible was developed. * 2013: Woosungja developed a submersible that can operate on surface and underwater. **

Specification

* Length - 7 meters * Weight : 2.1 tonnes * Maximum depth : 100 m * Range: 50 nmi (95 km) @ 4 kn * Speed : 5 kn (underwater) * Crew: 2

List of customers

* Taiwan - CE2F/X30 * Greece - CE2F/X60 * Colombia - CE2F/X30 later upgraded to X60 * India - CE2F/X100 * Pakistan - CE2F/X?? * Argentina - CE2F/X60 * Egypt - CE2F * South Korea - CE2F/X60 * Philippines - 3 x CE2F/X60 ordered in the 1960s for then Underwater Operations Unit. 1 preserved for display at Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum

Links

*http://www.hisutton.com/Vogo%20Chariot%20SDVs.html CE2F-X100 (about 8 meters long) **include
this image
which shows a type of miniature torpedo (intended to be fired by the CE2F-X100), apparently about 4 feet long and 6 inches diameter, and says that the miniature torpedo was "''designed for anti-diver/ SDV operations''".
Vogo Engineering
Four types of miniature submarine built by Vogo
SDV 340

SDV 1000W
can act as a fast surface craft and as a small submarine for divers to dive from
SDV 800
battery operated electric submersible, delivers divers
MIDGET 200Cutaway drawing of a CE2F showing internal parts

References