The

coronation A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head. The term also generally refers not only to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony wherein the act of crowning occurs, along with the presentation of o ...

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Born during the reign of his grandmother ...

and his wife Mary as

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen regnant, queen, which title is also given to the queen consort, consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contempora ...

and

Queen Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mother ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and ...

and the British

Dominion The term ''Dominion'' is used to refer to one of several self-governing nations of the British Empire. "Dominion status" was first accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the 1926 ...

s, and as Emperor and Empress of India, took place at

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...

, London, on Thursday 22 June 1911. This was the second of four such events held during the 20th century and the last to be attended by royal representatives of the great continental European empires.

Preparations

Planning

The overall planning of the coronation was theoretically the role of the Earl Marshal, a hereditary office held by the Dukes of Norfolk for several centuries. At the coronation of King Edward VII in 1902, the driving force had been

Viscount Esher Viscount Esher, of Esher in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 11 November 1897 for the prominent lawyer and judge William Brett, 1st Baron Esher, upon his retirement as Master of the Rolls. ...

in his capacity as Secretary to the Office of Works, a position which had since been filled by Sir

Schomberg Kerr McDonnell Major Sir Schomberg Kerr McDonnell, (22 March 1861 – 23 November 1915)McDONNELL, Hon. Sir Schomberg Kerr’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; was a British Army officer, politician, and civil se ...

. However, in the interim, the Earl Marshal, Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, had reasserted his ancient right to organise the great state events, despite having a personal dislike of ceremonial and having little capability as an organiser. The Earl Marshal had no permanent staff and was obliged to appoint a new one for each event. This arrangement had proved highly unsatisfactory for

Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until Death and state funeral of Edward VII, his death in 1910. The second chil ...

's state funeral, when the ceremonial directions were found to be full of errors and had to be rewritten by courtiers on the previous evening, the printed order of service was wrong, and the seating of guests was alleged to be "a mosaic of indecision and confusion". King George described Norfolk as "a charming, honourable, straightforward little gentleman, the finest in the world. But as a man of business he is absolutely impossible". Despite the objections of the

College of Heralds The College of Arms, or Heralds' College, is a royal corporation consisting of professional officers of arms, with jurisdiction over England, Wales, Northern Ireland and some Commonwealth realms. The heralds are appointed by the British Sovere ...

and the Duke of Norfolk, a compromise was reached at the insistence of the

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

H. H. Asquith Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ...

, whereby Norfolk would be chairman of the Coronation Executive Committee, but the detailed work would be done by the professional staff of the Office of Works rather than by Norfolk's appointees.

Infrastructure

As with all modern British coronations, a temporary extension or

annexe Annex or Annexe refers to a building joined to or associated with a main building, providing additional space or accommodations. It may also refer to: Places * The Annex, a neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada * The Annex (New ...

was built at the west front of

to allow the forming up of the processions before their entry into the church. As in the 1902 coronation, it was designed by the architect

Alfred Young Nutt Alfred Young Nutt, MVO, ISO (5 May 1847 – 25 July 1924) was an English architect and artist, who was Surveyor to the Dean and Canons of St George's Chapel, Windsor in the late 19th century. Early life Alfred Young Nutt was born in 1847 in the ...

in the Gothic Revival style, matching the architecture of the abbey itself. Inside the abbey, the traditional ceremonial areas known as the theatre and the sacrarium had to be constructed, along with the galleries and boxes to accommodate the congregation. Following the arrangements for 1902, it was decided to limit the congregation to 6,000, far fewer than at earlier coronations. More than 50

grandstand A grandstand is a normally permanent structure for seating spectators. This includes both auto racing and horse racing. The grandstand is in essence like a single section of a stadium, but differs from a stadium in that it does not wrap al ...

s were erected along the route of the processions, varying in size from seating 250 to 3,500 spectators each. The construction of these required 2,100 Imperial tons (2,134 tonnes) of timber and 70 tons (71 tonnes) of bolts, nails and screws.The Dominion, p. 8

Festival of Empire

The Festival of Empire opened on 12 May 1911 at

the Crystal Palace The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and plate glass structure, originally built in Hyde Park, London, Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The exhibition took place from 1 May to 15 October 1851, and more than 14,000 exhibit ...

in London, an exhibition of British and Imperial trade and culture to celebrate the upcoming coronation.

The service

The order of service was prepared by

Claude Jenkins Claude Jenkins (1877–1959) was an Anglican clergyman, theologian and historian. Biography He became Canon of Christ Church and Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History The Regius Chair of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Oxford ...

, the Lambeth Palace librarian, an eccentric character who was an antiquarian and patristic scholar. He was supervised by

Armitage Robinson Joseph Armitage Robinson (9 January 1858 – 7 May 1933) was a priest in the Church of England and scholar. He was successively Dean of Westminster (1902–1911) and of Wells (1911–1933). Biography Robinson was born the son of a poor vica ...

, the Dean of Westminster, who insisted that innovation be balanced by tradition. In fact, there was little change from the 1902 coronation, or at least that which had been intended, since the service had been shortened because of Edward's poor health. Randall Davidson, who as the

Bishop of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Winchester in the Church of England. The bishop's seat (''cathedra'') is at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire. The Bishop of Winchester has always held ''ex officio'' (except ...

, had largely compiled the 1902 coronation service, was now Archbishop of Canterbury. Davidson sought the advice of

Frank Edward Brightman Frank Edward Brightman, FBA (1856–1932) was an English scholar and liturgist. Career Brightman was educated at Bristol Grammar school, and became a mathematical scholar at University College London in 1875. He took a first class in mathematic ...

, a liturgist from Magdalen College, Oxford. The main changes were to the words spoken at the actual crowning, which replaced those first used at the coronation of James II with a translation of the simpler medieval form, and the coronation

sermon A sermon is a religious discourse or oration by a preacher, usually a member of clergy. Sermons address a scriptural, theological, or moral topic, usually expounding on a type of belief, law, or behavior within both past and present contexts. ...

, which had been omitted in 1902, was reintroduced for the last time, but in a shorter form. The service was conducted by Davidson, including the crowning of the queen, which in 1902 had been delegated to the

Archbishop of York The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers ...

Music

The Director of Music, as in 1902, was Sir

Frederick Bridge Sir John Frederick Bridge (5 December 1844 – 18 March 1924) was an English organist, composer, teacher and writer. From a musical family, Bridge became a church organist before he was 20, and he achieved his ambition to become a cathedral ...

. As at the previous event, Bridge aimed to produce a celebration of four hundred years of English music, including work by

Thomas Tallis Thomas Tallis (23 November 1585; also Tallys or Talles) was an English composer of High Renaissance music. His compositions are primarily vocal, and he occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music. Tallis is considered one o ...

, John Merbecke and George Frederick Handel. Bridge himself wrote a new anthem, ''Rejoice in the Lord, O ye righteous'', the tenor solo for which was performed by Edward Lloyd. The organist was Walter Alcock, who also wrote a new setting for the ''

Sanctus The Sanctus ( la, Sanctus, "Holy") is a hymn in Christian liturgy. It may also be called the ''epinikios hymnos'' ( el, ἐπινίκιος ὕμνος, "Hymn of Victory") when referring to the Greek rendition. In Western Christianity, th ...

''. Sir Hubert Parry wrote an orchestral introduction for his setting of

Psalm 122 Psalm 122 is the 122nd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "I was glad" and in Latin entitled Laetatus sum. It is attributed to King David and one of the fifteen psalms described as A song of ascents (Sh ...

, ''I Was Glad'' which had made a great impact at the 1902 coronation, and also a new setting of the ''

Te Deum The "Te Deum" (, ; from its incipit, , ) is a Latin Christian hymn traditionally ascribed to AD 387 authorship, but with antecedents that place it much earlier. It is central to the Ambrosian hymnal, which spread throughout the Latin Ch ...

'', which was less well received, perhaps because the choir was exhausted at the end of the three-hour service. More successful was a new setting of the '' Gloria'' by Charles Villiers Stanford which was also used at the coronations of 1937 and 1953. New orchestral music included a ''Coronation March'' by Edward Elgar, who despite being awarded the Order of Merit in the coronation

honours list Crown Honours Lists are lists of honours conferred upon citizens of the Commonwealth realms. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently King Charles III, or his vice-regal representative. New Year Honours Ho ...

, inexplicably refused to attend in person.

The Processions-in-State

The processions to the Abbey

The first of three processions left Buckingham Palace at 9:30 am. It consisted of representatives of foreign royal families and governments, carried in fourteen carriages. The second procession had five state

landau Landau ( pfl, Landach), officially Landau in der Pfalz, is an autonomous (''kreisfrei'') town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990 ...

s for members of the British royal family; the fifth contained the King and Queen's children, the

Prince of Wales Prince of Wales ( cy, Tywysog Cymru, ; la, Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. Prior to the conquest by Edward I in the 13th century, it was used by the rule ...

, Princess Mary and the young Princes Albert, Henry and George. The third procession brought the officers of state in a further four carriages and the twenty-fifth and final carriage, the Gold State Coach carrying the King and Queen. They were surrounded by equerries, '' aides-de-camp'' and the commanders of the armed forces mounted on horseback, all escorted by Yeomen of the Guard, colonial and Indian cavalry and the Royal Horse Guards.

The return processions

Following the coronation service, the three processions returned to the palace in reverse order and by an extended route, passing through Pall Mall,

St James's Street St James's Street is the principal street in the district of St James's, central London. It runs from Piccadilly downhill to St James's Palace and Pall Mall. The main gatehouse of the Palace is at the southern end of the road; in the 17th centur ...

, Piccadilly and Constitution Hill. Some 45,000 soldiers and sailors from across the empire either participated in the procession or lined the route. After the end of the procession, there was an unexpected innovation, the appearance of the King and Queen on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. This created such excitement that the soldiers outside the palace broke ranks and joined in the cheering. According to one account, "some of them put their helmets on their rifles and waved them vigorously aloft". That evening, the principal buildings in central London were illuminated with strings of electric lights until 12:30 am. Royal Progress, London, 1911 (LOC) (2163698472)

Royal Progress, London, 1911 (LOC) (2163698472)

The royal progress through the City

On the following day, the return procession was reconstituted for a further parade through the streets of the capital, this time passing along The Strand and into the

City of London The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London f ...

, past

St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglicanism, Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London ...

, across the

River Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the The Isis, River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, se ...

by London Bridge, along Borough High Street, back over Westminster Bridge and finally returning up The Mall to Buckingham Palace. Instead of the Gold Coach, the king and queen were driven in an open landau. The place of the foreign royalty was taken by Indian princes and colonial rulers. This time, 55,000 troops were on duty.

The Coronation Review of the Fleet

On 24 June, the King and Queen attended the Coronation Review of the Fleet at Spithead between the naval base of

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most d ...

and the

Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight ( ) is a county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the largest and second-most populous island of England. Referred to as 'The Island' by residents, the Is ...

. The

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Fr ...

had 167 warships in attendance, together with 18 ships from foreign navies; they were arranged in five lines, each 6 miles (10 kilometres) in length, through which the royal party steamed in review, aboard the royal yacht, . The crowd of spectators ashore was estimated to number a quarter of a million.

The Delhi Coronation Durbar

On 11 November 1911, the King and Queen left Portsmouth aboard bound for the Indian Empire. Arriving in Bombay (present day

Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the secon ...

) on 2 December, they reached

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...

by train on 7 December for a ceremonial state entry. The ''

durbar Durbar can refer to: * Conference of Rulers, a council of Malay monarchs * Durbar festival, a yearly festival in several towns of Nigeria * Durbar floor plate, a hot-rolled structural steel that has been designed to give excellent slip resistance ...

'' itself was on 12 December, attended by an estimated 100,000 people, both watching and participating.

Guests

British Royal Family

* The Prince of Wales, ''the King and Queen's son'' * The Prince Albert, ''the King and Queen's son'' * The Princess Mary, ''the King and Queen's daughter'' * The Prince Henry, ''the King and Queen's son'' * The Prince George, ''the King and Queen's son'' *

The Princess Royal Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to their eldest daughter. Although purely honorary, it is the highest honour that may be given to a female member of the royal family. There have been sev ...

and The Duke of Fife, ''the King's sister and brother-in-law'' ** Princess Alexandra, ''the King's niece'' ** Princess Maud, ''the King's niece'' * The Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Duchess of Edinburgh), ''the King's paternal aunt by marriage'' ** The Crown Princess and Crown Prince of Romania, ''the King's first cousin and her husband'' (representing the King of Romania) * Princess and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, ''the King's paternal aunt and uncle'' **

Prince Albert of Schleswig-Holstein Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (Albert John Charles Frederick Alfred George; 26 February 1869 – 27 April 1931), was a grandson of Queen Victoria. He was the second son of Victoria's daughter Princess Helena by her husband Prince Christian ...

, ''the King's first cousin'' ** Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, ''the King's first cousin'' ** Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein, ''the King's first cousin'' * The Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll and The Duke of Argyll, ''the King's paternal aunt and uncle'' * The Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn, ''the King's paternal uncle and aunt'' ** The Crown Princess and

Crown Prince of Sweden This page is a list of heirs to the Swedish throne. The list includes all individuals who were considered to inherit the throne of the Kingdom of Sweden, either as heir apparent or as heir presumptive, since the accession of the House of Holstei ...

, ''the King's first cousin and her husband'' (representing the

King of Sweden The monarchy of Sweden is the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5. which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.Parliamentary system: see the Instrument ...

) ** Prince Arthur of Connaught, ''the King's first cousin'' ** Princess Patricia of Connaught, ''the King's first cousin'' * The Dowager Duchess of Albany, ''the King's paternal aunt by marriage'' ** Princess and

Prince Alexander of Teck Major General Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George; born Prince Alexander of Teck; 14 April 1874 – 16 January 1957), was a British Army commander and major-general who served as Governor- ...

, ''the King's first cousin and the Queen's brother'' ** The Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Duke and Duchess of Albany), ''the King's first cousin and second cousin'' * Princess Henry of Battenberg, ''the King's paternal aunt'' ** Prince Alexander of Battenberg, ''the King's first cousin'' ** Prince Leopold of Battenberg, ''the King's first cousin'' ** Prince Maurice of Battenberg, ''the King's first cousin'' * Princess and Prince Louis of Battenberg, ''the King's first cousin and her husband'' ** Princess Louise of Battenberg, ''the King's first cousin once removed'' ** Prince George of Battenberg, ''the King's first cousin once removed'' * The Duke and Duchess of Teck, ''the Queen's brother and sister-in-law'' ** Prince George of Teck, ''the Queen's nephew'' **

Princess Mary of Teck Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 186724 March 1953) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 6 May 1910 until 20 January 1936 as the wife of King-Empe ...

, ''the Queen's niece'' ** Princess Helena of Teck, ''the Queen's niece'' * Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, ''widow of the King's half-first cousin once removed'' ** Countess Feodora Gleichen, ''the King's half-second cousin'' ** Count Edward Gleichen, ''the King's half-second cousin'' ** Countess Valda Machel, ''the King's half-second cousin'' ** Countess Helena Gleichen, ''the King's half-second cousin'' * The Earl of Munster, ''the King's third cousin'' * Lt. Col.

Charles FitzClarence Brigadier General Charles FitzClarence (8 May 1865 – 12 November 1914) was an Anglo-Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commo ...

, ''the King's third cousin''

Foreign royals

* The German Crown Prince and

Crown Princess A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the wi ...

, ''the King's first cousin once removed and his wife'' (representing the German Emperor) * The Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen, ''the King's first cousin'' (representing the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen) * Prince Henry of Prussia, ''the King's first cousin'' * The Hereditary Princess and Prince of Hesse, ''the King's first cousin and her husband'' *

The Grand Duke ''The Grand Duke; or, The Statutory Duel'', is the final Savoy Opera written by librettist W. S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan, their fourteenth and last opera together. It premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 7 March 1896, and ran for ...

and Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, ''the King's first cousin and his wife'' * The Crown Prince of Denmark, ''the King's first cousin'' (representing the King of Denmark) * The Duke and Duchess of Sparta, ''the King's first cousins'', (representing the King of the Hellenes) ** Prince George of Greece and Denmark, ''the King's double first cousin once removed'' *

Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. ...

and Princess George of Greece and Denmark, ''the King's first cousin and his wife'' * Princess and Prince Maximilian of Baden, ''the King's first cousin and her husband'' (representing the Grand Duke of Baden) * The Hereditary Prince of Hanover, ''the King's first cousin'' * The Grand Duchess and Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, ''the King's first cousin and her husband'' * Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover and Cumberland, ''the King's first cousin'' * The Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, ''the Queen's first cousin'' ** The Crown Princess and Crown Prince of Montenegro, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed and her husband'' (representing the King of Montenegro) ** The Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed'' * Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, ''the King's second cousin once removed'' **

Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince Leopold Clement Philipp August Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (19 July 1878 – 27 April 1916) was an Austro-Hungarian officer and the heir apparent to the wealth of the House of Koháry. His death in a murder–suicide shocked the royal ...

, ''the King's third cousin'' * The Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, ''the King's third cousin'' * The Prince of Tarnovo, ''the King's third cousin'' (representing the Tsar of Bulgaria) *

Duke Albrecht of Württemberg Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are rank ...

, ''the King's third cousin'' (representing the King of Württemberg) * The Crown Prince of the Ottoman Empire (representing the Ottoman Sultan) * Archduke Karl of Austria (representing the Austrian Emperor) * The Duke and Duchess of Aosta (representing the

King of Italy King of Italy ( it, links=no, Re d'Italia; la, links=no, Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a barbarian military leader ...

) *

Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia (russian: Борис Владимирович; 24 November 1877 – 9 November 1943) was a son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, a grandson of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and a first cousin ...

(representing the Tsar of Russia) * Infante Ferdinand of Spain (representing the King of Spain) *

and Princess Higashifushimi of Japan (representing the

Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...

) * The Crown Prince of Serbia (representing the King of Serbia) * Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath of Siam (representing the King of Siam) * Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria (representing the Prince Regent of Bavaria) *

and Princess Johann Georg of Saxony (representing the King of Saxony) *

The Prince of the Netherlands ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...

(representing the Queen of the Netherlands) * Prince Zaizhen of China (representing the

Emperor of China ''Huangdi'' (), translated into English as Emperor, was the superlative title held by monarchs of China who ruled various imperial regimes in Chinese history. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was considered the Son of Heav ...

) * Prince Kassa Haile Darge of Ethiopia (representing the Emperor of Ethiopia) * Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfik of Egypt (representing the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan) * The Hereditary Prince of Monaco (representing the Prince of Monaco) * Madho Rao Scindia, Maharaja of

Gwalior Gwalior() is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; it lies in northern part of Madhya Pradesh and is one of the Counter-magnet cities. Located south of Delhi, the capital city of India, from Agra and from Bhopal, the s ...

* Pratap Singh, Maharaja of Idar * Ganga Singh, Maharaja of

Bikaner Bikaner () is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan, India. It is located northwest of the state capital, Jaipur. Bikaner city is the administrative headquarters of Bikaner District and Bikaner division. Formerly the capital o ...

Other dignitaries

* John Hays Hammond (representing the

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal gove ...

) * Major General Adolphus Greely of the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, ...

* Vice-Admiral Fauques de Jonquieres (representing the French Republic) * Monsignor Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (representing the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of R ...

)

References

External links

* * * * *

Sources

Books

* * *Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004; online edition May 2009) ''George V (1865–1936)'', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33369, retrieved 1 May 2010 (Subscription required) * * * * *

Articles

* * {{Ceremonies of the British monarch

1911 in London George V Westminster Abbey Mary of Teck 1911 in the British Empire June 1911 events 1910s in the City of Westminster