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The ''Coriobacteriia'' are a class of
Gram-positive In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. Gram-positive bac ...
bacteria within the
Actinomycetota The ''Actinomycetota'' (or ''Actinobacteria'') are a phylum of all gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soi ...
phylum.Ludwig, W., Euzéby, J., Schumann, P., Busse, H. J., Trujillo, M. E.,Kämpfer, P. & Whitman, W. B. (2012). Road map of the phylum Actinobacteria. In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, pp. 1–28. Eds. M. Goodfellow, P. Ka¨mpfer, H. J. Busse, M. E. Trujillo, K. Suzuki, W. Ludwig & W. B. Whitman. Springer-:New YorkClavel T, Lepage P & Charrier C. (2014). The family Coriobacteriaceae. In: The Prokaryotes, pp. 201-238. Springer-:Berlin Heidelberg Species within this group are non sporulating, strict or facultative
anaerobes An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth. It may react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present. In contrast, an aerobic organism (aerobe) is an organism that requires an oxygenate ...
that are capable of thriving in a diverse set of ecological niches. '' Gordonibacter'' species are the only members capable of motility by means of
flagella A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have fro ...
within the class. Several species within the ''Coriobacteriia'' class have been implicated with human diseases that range in severity. '' Atopobium'', '' Olsenella'', and '' Cryptobacterium'' species have responsible for human oral infections including
periodontitis Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. It is considered the main caus ...
,
halitosis Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant breath odour is present. It can result in anxiety among those affected. It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. T ...
, and other
endodontic Endodontics (from the Greek roots ''endo-'' "inside" and ''odont-'' "tooth") is the dental specialty concerned with the study and treatment of the dental pulp. Overview Endodontics encompasses the study (practice) of the basic and clinica ...
infections. '' Eggerthella'' species have been associated with severe blood
bacteraemia Bloodstream infections (BSIs), which include bacteremias when the infections are bacterial and fungemias when the infections are fungal, are infections present in the blood. Blood is normally a sterile environment, so the detection of microb ...
and
ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood (hematochezia). Weight loss, fever, and ...
.


Molecular signatures and phylogenetic position

Historically, all ''Coriobacteriia'' species were placed within a single order (''Coriobacteriales'') and a single family (''Coriobacteriaceae''). This view, however, was not reflective of accurate evolutionary interrelationships within the class. The current taxonomic view is justified by the presence of several
conserved signature indels Conserved signature inserts and deletions (CSIs) in protein sequences provide an important category of molecular markers for understanding phylogenetic relationships. CSIs, brought about by rare genetic changes, provide useful phylogenetic markers ...
(CSIs) that have been found at the different taxonomic ranks. These CSIs are specific and represent synapomorphic characteristics that can be used to distinguish groups within the ''Coriobacteriia'', both at the family and order levels. The distinction of the orders within the ''Coriobacteriia'' is also supported phylogenetic tree branching and by consistent characteristics; members belonging to the ''Coriobacteriales'' are glucose-fermenting, saccharolytic species while the ''Eggerthellales'' order has species that are consistently unable to ferment glucose and are asaccharolytic. CSIs have also been used to resolve the phylogenetic position of the ''Coriobacteriia'' among all bacteria where they have been found exclusively for all species within the class, delineating them from other
Actinomycetota The ''Actinomycetota'' (or ''Actinobacteria'') are a phylum of all gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soi ...
. The ''Coriobacteriia'' are an early branching lineage within the Actinomycetota phylum The deep branching of the class has led to dispute over its membership within the phylum and whether or not it is a true Actinomycetota group. A CSI in the form of a single amino acid insert in the enzyme deoxyuridine 59-triphosphate (dUTP) nucleotidohydrolase has been found that is shared by all ''Coriobacteriia'' members, as well as several Actinomycetota species, and absent from all other bacteria. This CSI provides unambiguous support for ''Coriobacteriias membership within the Actinomycetota.


Phylogeny


See also

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List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). However many taxonomic names are ...
*
List of bacterial orders This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16 ...


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q26211126 Gram-positive bacteria