Copenhagen Metropolitan Area
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The Copenhagen metropolitan area or Metropolitan Copenhagen ( da, Hovedstadsområdet, , literally "The Capital Area") is a large commuter belt (the area in which it is practical to commute to work) surrounding Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It includes Copenhagen Municipality, Frederiksberg and surrounding municipalities stretching westward across Zealand. It has a densely-populated core surrounded by suburban settlements. The metropolitan area has several current definitions and also some historical, now defunct, definitions. The most widely accepted is the area which is strategically managed by the
Finger Plan The Finger Plan ( da, Fingerplanen) is an urban planning, urban plan from 1947 which provides a strategy for the development of the Copenhagen metropolitan area, Denmark. According to the plan, Copenhagen is to develop along five 'fingers', centre ...
. The modern post 2007 version includes the four provinces ''Københavns by'' (Copenhagen city), ''Københavns omegn'', ''Nordsjælland'' and ''Østsjælland'', with a total land area of 2 778 km² and over 2 million inhabitants (16 March 2018;updated statistics from 1 January 2018 on cities (Danish ''byer'', (singular) ''by'') published later). It should not be confused with the Øresund Region or the
Capital Region of Denmark The Capital Region of Denmark ( da, Region Hovedstaden, ) is the easternmost administrative region of Denmark. The Capital Region has 29 municipalities and a regional council consisting of 41 elected members. As of 1 August 2021 the chairperson ...
.


Finger Plan

The area has been planned according to the
Finger Plan The Finger Plan ( da, Fingerplanen) is an urban planning, urban plan from 1947 which provides a strategy for the development of the Copenhagen metropolitan area, Denmark. According to the plan, Copenhagen is to develop along five 'fingers', centre ...
, which has given it six fingers of
S-trains The S-Bahn is the name of hybrid urban- suburban rail systems serving a metropolitan region in German-speaking countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to rapid transit systems, while smaller ones often resemble co ...
and a western connection S-line (''Ringbanen'' or line F). Urbanization stretching out from central Copenhagen. One railroad and two metro lines over
Amager Amager ( or, especially among older speakers, ) in the Øresund is Denmark's most densely populated island, with more than 212,000 inhabitants (January 2021) a small appendage to Zealand. The protected natural area of ''Naturpark Amager'' (includi ...
have been formed. The Amager railroad continues to Sweden by bridge. Copenhagen metropolitan area is the largest of the commonly used definitions for the Copenhagen area. It has been defined administratively by the former Capital Region and is also known locally as ''HT-området'' (Capital Traffic area) because it is the zone where the capital traffic company formerly known as HT operates (now Movia), and is therefore the limit for how far you can go on a Copenhagen bus or train-ticket. Until 2007 the area consisted of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg Municipalities, Copenhagen County, Frederiksborg County and Roskilde County. After the municipality reform of Denmark 1 January 2007, the Danish counties were abolished and Vallø municipality which was a part of the metropolitan area was merged with Stevns municipality which was outside the metropolitan area and the new Stevns municipality became a part of the metropolitan area. Copenhagen metropolitan area now consists of 28 of the 29 municipalities of the Capital Region (all except
Bornholm Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...
) as well as the municipalities of Greve, Køge, Lejre, Roskilde, Solrød and Stevns from the Region Zealand. By this definition, the metropolitan area has a population of 2,016,285 () covering an area of over 34 municipalities with a density of 665/km² (1725/sq mi).


Capital Region of Denmark

The administrative entity responsible for the
Capital Region of Denmark The Capital Region of Denmark ( da, Region Hovedstaden, ) is the easternmost administrative region of Denmark. The Capital Region has 29 municipalities and a regional council consisting of 41 elected members. As of 1 August 2021 the chairperson ...
defines their administrative area as the metropolitan area of Copenhagen. As such the population is 1,857,783 (1 July 2021) on an area of 2,561 km² with a density of 725.41/km² (1,879/sq mi). It should however be noted that the Capital Region does not contain all of the Roskilde and Køge Bay fingers as well as all of the urban area which stretches into Region Zealand. Furthermore, it does contain the remote island of Bornholm.


Øresund Region

While actually a transnational region of co-operation, rather than a metropolitan area, the Øresund Region is by some considered to constitute the metropolitan area of Copenhagen. This goes back to the ''Initiativgruppen'' (a group tasked for developing the Copenhagen area in 1989), which was tasked with creating the ''metropole of the north''. However, the region promotes their commercial interests through the cooperative interest organisation Greater Copenhagen.Same OECD 2008 report ECD-rapport-om-hovedstadens-udvikling.pdf, page 34 As of 1 October 2011 the Øresund Region is populated by 3,783,158 inhabitants with a density of 181.3/km² (469.5/sq mi) (Danish side: 2,531,945, Swedish side: 1,251,213). According to OECD, however, this region includes vast areas which are not recognized as part of the functional metropolitan area.


Core of the Øresund Region

Copenhagen is by far the largest city, and the obvious core of the region. However the Øresund Region covers large areas that are located remotely from both Copenhagen and the Øresund sea. Of which some has a rather low population density. Hence, a better area for comparacy with other regions, bi-lateral or national ones, is a lot narrower and includes the four Danish provinces ''Copenhagen by'', ''Copenhagen omegn'', ''Nordsjælland'' and ''Østsjælland'' with a total area of only 2.768,6 square kilometres with 2,045,259 inhabitants as og 1.January 2019 And on the Swedish side the 17 Scanian municipalities that either has direct border to the Øresund Sea or borders to a such municipality. (Bjuv, Burlöv, Eslöv, Helsingborg, Höganäs, Kävlinge, Landskrona, Lomma, Lund, Malmö, Staffanstorp, Svedala, Svalöv, Trelleborg, Vellinge, Åstorp and Ängelholm) These municipalities covers a total area of 3,387.5 square kilometres and had a population of 1,003,631 inhabitants by 1.January 2019 A total population of 2,931,445 living at an aggregate area of 5,969.9 km2, with a population density of 491.0 inhabitants per km2 of land. This is an ''illustration'' of the population and population density around the Øresund sea rather than a formal area. But as such the population around Øresund constitutes by far the largest population centre of Scandinavia and Finland.


Copenhagen metropolitan area (within Denmark only)

Copenhagen metropolitan area is most commonly recognized, and before 2007 official, equal to the Danish part of this "core". The four mentioned Danish provinces, with two million inhabitants at a ''land area'' of 2.768,6 km2 and a population density of 722 people per square kilometre. While the administrational ''Region Hovedstaden'' includes the remote Baltic Sea island
Bornholm Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...
, but excludes important suburbs south-west and west of the city as well as the locally important towns Køge and Roskilde which both are largely build together with the Danish capital through newer suburban areas.


Political reasons

Some Danish politicians simply do not want more than a third of the Danish Kingdom to be considered as parts of the capital, while remote areas on islands without fixed connections as well as parts of the windy North Sea coast get lower population figures. The 2007 regional and municipality reforms aimed to level ''figures'' out more evenly. Before 1970 there were 1098 Danish municipalities, between 1970 and 2006 this figure varied between 275 and 270. And by 2007 they were merged into 98, however Copenhagen has not been allowed to include any new land area since 1902, despite Frederiksberg with 100,000+ inhabitants, on an 8.8 km2 surface, ever since 1901 has been an enclave totally surrounded by Copenhagen. After 1902 Copenhagen municipality has only grown geographically through
land reclamation Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamati ...
.


OECD

OECD (
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries ...
) defines the Copenhagen metropolitan area with a population of 2,390,000 inhabitants as of 2009. According to OECD the
Finger Plan The Finger Plan ( da, Fingerplanen) is an urban planning, urban plan from 1947 which provides a strategy for the development of the Copenhagen metropolitan area, Denmark. According to the plan, Copenhagen is to develop along five 'fingers', centre ...
doesn't include the entire functional/economic metropolitan area of Copenhagen.


Other definitions

The local TV stations TV2/Lorry, Kanal København and Hovedstads-TV each also defines the Copenhagen metropolitan area as the area they respectively cover. They all fits well with the area which the four provinces (Copenhagen by, Copenhagen omegn, Nordsjælland and Østsjælland) cover. (the provinces are based on European Union's so called NUTS 3 areas) The same area is used for the ticket fare system of all public transport within Greater Copenhagen and the Fingerplan area.


See also

* Urban area of Copenhagen *
Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries This is a list of urban areas in the Nordic countries by population. The population is measured on a national level, independently by each country's statistical bureau. Statistics Sweden uses the term ''tätort'' (urban settlement), Statistics F ...
*
List of European city regions City region is a term in use since about 1950 by urbanists, economists and urban planners to mean a metropolitan area and hinterland, often having a shared administration. Typically, it denotes a city, conurbation or urban zone with multiple admi ...


References


External links


Formal map of the area
{{coord, 55.68, 12.57, type:city(2000000)_region:DK, display=title Metropolitan areas of Denmark
Metropolitan area A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually com ...