Conway Zirkle (October 28, 1895 – March 28, 1972) was an American botanist and

historian of science The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. Science's earliest roots can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopo ...

. Zirkle was professor emeritus at the

University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...

. He was highly critical of

Lamarckism Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime. It is also calle ...

Lysenkoism Lysenkoism (russian: Лысенковщина, Lysenkovshchina, ; uk, лисенківщина, lysenkivščyna, ) was a political campaign led by Soviet biologist Trofim Lysenko against genetics and science-based agriculture in the mid-20th ce ...

and Marxian biology.Joravsky, David. (1960). ''Evolution, Marxian Biology and the Social Scene by Conway Zirkle''. ''

Isis Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kin ...

''. Vol. 51, No. 3. pp. 348-353.

Selected publications

Books *''The Beginnings of Plant Hybridization'' (1935) *''Death of a Science in Russia, the Fate of Genetics as Described in "Pravda" and Elsewhere'' (1949) *''Evolution, Marxian Biology, and the Social Scene'' (1959) *''The Evolution of Biology'' (1964) Papers *Zirkle, Conway. (1935). ''The Inheritance of Acquired Characters and the Provisional Hypothesis of Pangenesis''. ''

American Naturalist ''The American Naturalist'' is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of the American Society of Naturalists, whose purpose is "to advance and to diffuse knowledge of organic evolution and other broad biological principles so as to enhance t ...

'' 69: 417-445. *Zirkle, Conway. (1936). ''Further Notes on Pangenesis and the Inheritance of Acquired Characters''. ''

'' 70: 529-546. *Zirkle, Conway. (1941). ''Natural Selection Before the 'Origin of Species. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 84: 71-123. *Zirkle, Conway. (1946). ''The Early History of the Idea of the Inheritance of Acquired Characters and Pangenesis''. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 335: 91-151. *Zirkle, Conway. (1947). ''The Theory of Concentric Spheres: Edmund Halley, Cotton Mather, & John Cleves Symmes''. Isis.

University of Chicago Press The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States. It is operated by the University of Chicago and publishes a wide variety of academic titles, including ''The Chicago Manual of Style'', ...

(on behalf of The History of Science Society) 37: 155-159. *Zirkle, Conway. (1952). ''Early Ideas on Inbreeding and Crossbreeding''. In ''Heterosis'', edited by John W. Gowen, 1-13. Iowa State College Press. *Zirkle, Conway. (1958). ''The First Recognized Plant Hybrid''. ''

Journal of Heredity The ''Journal of Heredity'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal concerned with heredity in a biological sense, covering all aspects of genetics. It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Genetic Association. Histor ...

'' 49: 137-138. *Zirkle, Conway. (1959). ''Species Before Darwin''. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 103: 636-644. *Zirkle, Conway. (1964). ''Some Oddities in the Delayed Discovery of Mendelism''. ''

'' 55 (2): 65-72.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zirkle, Conway 1895 births 1972 deaths American botanists Critics of Lamarckism University of Pennsylvania faculty