Convoy SC 94 was the 94th of the numbered series of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island,

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...

, to

Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...

.Hague 2000 p.133 The ships departed Sydney on 31 July 1942 and were met by

Mid-Ocean Escort Force Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) referred to the organisation of anti-submarine escorts for World War II trade convoys between Canada and Newfoundland, and the British Isles. The allocation of United States, British, and Canadian escorts to these c ...

Group C-1.

Background

As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the Second Happy Time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the ''

Befehlshaber der U-Boote The ''Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote'' or BdU (Eng: "Commander of the U-boats") was the supreme commander of the German Navy's U-boat Arm (''Ubootwaffe'') during the First and Second World Wars. The term also referred to the Command HQ of the U- ...

'' (commander in chief of U-boats), shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search the area with the advantage of intelligence gained through '' B-Dienst'' decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3. However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.

Battle

Discovery on 5 August

reported the convoy on 5 August and torpedoed the Dutch freighter ''Spar''.Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p. 153

Attack of 6 August

''Assiniboine''s Type 286 radar spotted in a heavy fog on 6 August. The destroyer closed on the contact and briefly spotted the submarine twice before losing her in the fog. The submarine reappeared crossing the destroyer's bow at a range of , and both ships opened fire. The range was too close for ''Assiniboine''s guns to engage, but her .50-calibre machine guns shot up the submarine's deck and conning tower. This kept the Germans from manning their

deck gun A deck gun is a type of naval artillery mounted on the deck of a submarine. Most submarine deck guns were open, with or without a shield; however, a few larger submarines placed these guns in a turret. The main deck gun was a dual-purpose ...

, but the flak gun was already manned and firing. It punched holes through the destroyer's plating that set some petrol tanks on the deck afire and disabled 'A' gun. The destroyer was unable to ram ''U-210'' until the rear 4.7-inch gun hit the conning tower, killing the entire

bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...

crew and the .50-caliber machine guns were able to silence the flak gun. This caused Lieutenant Sorber, the senior surviving officer, to order the submarine to dive, but this meant that she had to hold a straight course while doing so. ''Assiniboine'' was able to take advantage of this and rammed ''U-210'' abaft the conning tower whilst she was diving. This caused the electric motors to fail, damaged her propellers and led to water entering the submarine, as a result of which Sorber ordered the ballast tanks to be blown and the submarine to be abandoned. The destroyer rammed her again when ''U-210'' resurfaced, dropped a pattern of depth charges set to detonate at shallow depth and hit her one more time with a 4.7-inch shell before the submarine finally sank.

Attack of 8 August

torpedoed the British freighter ''Anneberg'' and American freighter ''Kaimoku'' on the afternoon of 8 August while torpedoed the British freighters ''Kelso'' and ''Trehata'' and Greek freighter ''Mount Kassion''.Hague 2000 p.137 Three undamaged ships were abandoned in the resulting panic. One of them, the British freighter ''Radchurch'', was later torpedoed by ''U-176''. The ''Shakespeare''-class

destroyer leader Destroyer leader (DL) was the United States Navy designation for large destroyers from 9 February 1951 through the early years of the Cold War. United States ships with hull classification symbol DL were officially frigates from 1 January 1955Blac ...

and the Polish destroyer arrived to reinforce the escort, while ''Dianthus'' left the convoy to repair damage incurred while ramming and sinking ''U-379''.

Attack of 10 August

torpedoed the Greek freighter ''Condylis'' in daylight on 10 August while torpedoed the British freighters ''Cape Race'', ''Empire Reindeer'' and ''Oregon''. The remainder of the convoy reached

on 13 August.

Ships in the convoy

Allied merchant ships

A total of 35 merchant vessels joined the convoy, either in Sydney or later in the voyage.

Convoy escorts

A series of armed military ships escorted the convoy at various times during its journey.Milner 1985 p.285

Notes

References

* * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Convoy SC 094 SC094 Naval battles of World War II involving Canada C