The Convention of London, also known as the Anglo-Spanish Convention, was an agreement negotiated between the
Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, wh ...
and the
Kingdom of Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, ...
concerning the status of British settlements in the
Mosquito Coast in
Central America
Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...
. It was signed on 14 July 1786.
According to the terms of the 1783
Treaty of Paris that ended the
American War of Independence
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
and included Spain as a signatory, British settlements on the "Spanish Continent" were to be evacuated, using language that was similar to that in the 1763
Treaty of Paris that ended the
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (1754 ...
. British settlers in the area resisted implementation of the 1783 agreement, observing (as they had after the 1763 treaty) that the Spanish had never actually controlled the area, and that it therefore did not belong to the "Spanish Continent". After both sides increased military activities in the area of the
Black River Settlement, where most of the British settlers lived, it was decided to engage in further negotiations to resolve the issue.
In the agreement signed 14 July 1786, Britain agreed to evacuate all British settlements from the
"Country of the Mosquitos". In exchange, Spain agreed to expand the territory available to British loggers on the
Yucatan Peninsula, and allowed them to cut
mahogany
Mahogany is a straight- grained, reddish-brown timber of three tropical hardwood species of the genus '' Swietenia'', indigenous to the AmericasBridgewater, Samuel (2012). ''A Natural History of Belize: Inside the Maya Forest''. Austin: U ...
and other hardwoods that were increasing in value. Over the opposition of the Mosquito Coast settlers, the agreement was implemented, and the British evacuated more than 2,000 people. Most of them went to
Belize
Belize (; bzj, Bileez) is a Caribbean and Central American country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a wa ...
, but others were relocated to
Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispa ...
,
Grand Cayman
Grand Cayman is the largest of the three Cayman Islands and the location of the territory's capital, George Town. In relation to the other two Cayman Islands, it is approximately 75 miles (121 km) southwest of Little Cayman and 90 miles (1 ...
, or
Roatán
Roatán () is an island in the Caribbean, about off the northern coast of Honduras. It is located between the islands of Utila and Guanaja, and is the largest of the Bay Islands of Honduras. The island was formerly known in English as Ruatan ...
. Control of Black River was formally turned over to the Spanish on 29 August 1787, by the grandson of its founder,
William Pitt.
[Dawson, p. 706]
See also
*
List of treaties
This list of treaties contains known agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups.
Before 1200 CE
1200–1299
1300–1399
1400–1499
1500–1599
1600–1699
1700–1799
...
References
Further reading
*.
*{{Citation , last=Dawson , first=Frank Griffith , year=1983 , title=William Pitt's Settlement at Black River on the Mosquito Shore: A Challenge to Spain in Central America, 1732-87 , journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review , volume=63 , issue=4 , pages=677–706 , doi=10.2307/2514901 .
1786 in Great Britain
1786 in Spain
18th century in Honduras
History of Nicaragua
18th century in Belize
18th century in Guatemala
Peace treaties of Spain
1786 treaties
Peace treaties of the Kingdom of Great Britain
Treaties of the Spanish Empire
Miskito