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Commodianus (Commodianus) was a Christian Latin poet, who flourished about AD 250. The only ancient writers who mention him are Gennadius, presbyter of
Massilia Massalia (Greek: Μασσαλία; Latin: Massilia; modern Marseille) was an ancient Greek colony founded ca. 600 BC on the Mediterranean coast of present-day France, east of the river Rhône, by Ionian Greek settlers from Phocaea, in Western A ...
(end of 5th century), in his ''De scriptoribus ecclesiasticis'', and Pope Gelasius in '' De libris recipiendis et non recipiendis'', in which his works are classed as ''Apocryphi'', probably on account of certain heterodox statements contained in them. Commodianus is supposed to have been from Roman Africa, partly on the ground of his similarity to
Cyprian Cyprian (; la, Thaschus Caecilius Cyprianus; 210 – 14 September 258 AD''The Liturgy of the Hours according to the Roman Rite: Vol. IV.'' New York: Catholic Book Publishing Company, 1975. p. 1406.) was a bishop of Carthage and an early Chris ...
, partly because the African school was the chief center of Christian Latinity in the third century; a Syrian origin has also been suggested. As he himself tells us, he was originally a pagan, but was converted to Christianity when advanced in years, and felt called upon to instruct the ignorant in the truth. He was the author of two extant Latin poems, ''Instructiones'' and ''Carmen apologeticum'' (first published in 1852 by J. B. Pitra in the ''Spicilegium Solesmense'', from an MS. in the Middlehill collection, now at
Cheltenham Cheltenham (), also known as Cheltenham Spa, is a spa town and borough on the edge of the Cotswolds in the county of Gloucestershire, England. Cheltenham became known as a health and holiday spa town resort, following the discovery of mineral ...
, supposed to have been brought from the monastery of
Bobbio Bobbio ( Bobbiese: ; lij, Bêubbi; la, Bobium) is a small town and commune in the province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. It is located in the Trebbia River valley southwest of the town Piacenza. There is also an abbey and a dio ...
). The ''Instructiones'' consist of 80 poems, each of which is an
acrostic An acrostic is a poem or other word composition in which the ''first'' letter (or syllable, or word) of each new line (or paragraph, or other recurring feature in the text) spells out a word, message or the alphabet. The term comes from the Fr ...
(with the exception of poem 60, where the initial letters are in alphabetical order). The initials of poem 80, read backwards, give Commodianus Mendicus Christi. The ''Carmen Apologeticum'', undoubtedly by Commodianus, although the name of the author (as well as the title) is absent from the MS., is free from the acrostic restriction. The first part of the ''Instructiones'' is addressed to the heathens and Jews, and ridicules the divinities of classical mythology; the second contains reflections on
Antichrist In Christian eschatology, the Antichrist refers to people prophesied by the Bible to oppose Jesus Christ and substitute themselves in Christ's place before the Second Coming. The term Antichrist (including one plural form)1 John ; . 2 John . i ...
, the end of the world, the Resurrection, and advice to Christians, penitents, and the clergy. In the ''Apologeticum'' all mankind are exhorted to repent, in view of the approaching end of the world. The appearance of Antichrist, identified with Nero and the Man from the East, is expected at an early date. Although they display fiery dogmatic zeal, the poems cannot be considered quite orthodox. To the classical scholar the metre alone is of interest. Although they are professedly written in hexameters, the rules of quantity are sacrificed to accent. The first four lines of the ''Instructiones'' may be quoted by way of illustration: :''Praefatio nostra viam erranti demonstrat'' :''Respectumque bonum, cum venerit saeculi meta'' :''Aeternum fieri, quod discredunt inscia corda:'' :''Ego similiter erravi tempore multo.'' These ''versus politici'' (as they are called) show that the change was already passing over Latin which resulted in the formation of the Romance languages. The use of cases and genders, the construction of verb, and prepositions, and the verbal forms exhibit striking irregularities. The author, however, shows an acquaintance with Latin poets Horace, Virgil, and
Lucretius Titus Lucretius Carus ( , ;  – ) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is the philosophical poem ''De rerum natura'', a didactic work about the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism, and which usually is translated into E ...
. On the metre used by Commodian, see further: Latin rhythmic hexameter.


Editions

*Poinsotte, Jean-Michel (ed., trans.). ''Commodien. Instructions'' (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2009) (Collection des universités de France. Série latine, 392). *The instructions of Commodianus, in favor of Christian discipline, against the gods of the heathens (1880). Transcribed by Robert Ernest Wallis (1820–1900). In ''Ante-Nicene Christian library'',(18701883)
Ante-Nicene Christian library: translations of the writings of the fathers down to A.D. 325
Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark.
Volume XVIII. * Ludwig, E. (1878)
''Commodiani Carmina'', part 1: ''Instructiones''
Leipzig. * Ludwig, E. (1877)
''Commodiani Carmina'' part 2: ''Carmen Apologeticum''
Leipzig.


References

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External links



at
The Latin Library The Latin Library is a website that collects public domain Latin texts. It is run by William L. Carey, adjunct professor of Latin and Roman Law at George Mason University. The texts have been drawn from different sources, are not intended for ...
*Paul Lejay (1908). " Commodianus". In ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Commodianus Church Fathers Ancient Roman writers Post–Silver Age Latin writers 3rd-century poets Roman-era poets 3rd-century Latin writers