Codex Tischendorfianus IV – designated by Γ or 036 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 70 ( von Soden) – is a Greek

uncial Uncial is a majuscule Glaister, Geoffrey Ashall. (1996) ''Encyclopedia of the Book''. 2nd edn. New Castle, DE, and London: Oak Knoll Press & The British Library, p. 494. script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced i ...

of the

Gospels Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words an ...

, dated palaeographically to the 10th century (although 9th century is also possible). The manuscript is lacunose.

Description

The codex contains portions of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...

s on 257

parchment Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves, and goats. It has been used as a writing medium for over two millennia. Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins ...

leaves ( by ) in the Western order:

Matthew Matthew may refer to: * Matthew (given name) * Matthew (surname) * ''Matthew'' (ship), the replica of the ship sailed by John Cabot in 1497 * ''Matthew'' (album), a 2000 album by rapper Kool Keith * Matthew (elm cultivar), a cultivar of the Chi ...

, John, Luke, and Mark. The text of the codex is written in one column per page, 24 lines per page. The letters are large and lean to the left. The letters have breathings and accents. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (''titles'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers). It contains the tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and musical notes. There are no itacistic errors. Over the original breathings and accents some later scrawler has, in many places, put others, in a very careless fashion. At the end of the Gospel of John it has subscription . Tischendorf, by the aid of ''Ant. Pilgrami's Calendarium chronologum medii potissimum aevi monumentis accommodatum'' (Vienna 1781), states that the only year between 800 and 950, with November 27 on a Thursday, was 844. The another possible year is 979. ; Lacunae The text of the codex has some lacunae in

and in

Mark Mark may refer to: Currency * Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark, the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina * East German mark, the currency of the German Democratic Republic * Estonian mark, the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927 * Finn ...

(lacks Matthew 5:31-6:16, 6:30-7:26, 8:27-9:6, 21:19-22:25; Mark 3:34-6:21); Luke and

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...

are complete. It omits Matthew 16:2b–3. ; Additions In Matt. 27:49 codex contains added text: ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὕδορ καὶ αἷμα (''the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood''). This reading was derived from John 19:34 and occurs in other manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type ( א, B, C, L, 1010, 1293, pc, vg^mss).

Text

The Greek text of this

codex The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, with ...

is a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fo ...

. Aland placed it in Category V. It is close textually to the codices

024 4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. In mathematics Four is the smalle ...

, 026, 027, 047, 0130, 4, 251,

273 __NOTOC__ Year 273 ( CCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tacitus and Placidianus (or, less frequently, year ...

, 440, 472, 485,

495 __NOTOC__ Year 495 (Roman numerals, CDXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Viator without colleague (or, less frequen ...

, 660, 716,

1047 Year 1047 ( MXLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * September 25– 28 – Rebel general Leo Tornikios (a nephew of Emper ...

1093 Year 1093 ( MXCIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * April 13 –The Grand Prince of Kiev Vsevolod I Yaroslavich dies, after a 15-year r ...

, 1170,

1229 Year 1229 ( MCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Sixth Crusade * February 18 – Treaty of Jaffa: Emperor Frederick II signs a 10-year truce ...

, 1242,

1295 Year 1295 ( MCCXCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * April 25 – King Sancho IV (the Brave) dies of a fatal illness (possibly tubercu ...

1355 Year 1355 ( MCCCLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * January 6 – Charles IV of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan. ...

, 1365, 1396, 1515,

1604 Events January–June * January 1 – ''The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court. * January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England, ...

Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...

designated this group by I'. According to the

Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the class ...

it represents textual family K^x in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.

History

One part of the codex was found by Tischendorf in an eastern monastery in 1853, another part in 1859. As a result, the codex is divided and housed in two places. 158 leaves were bought in 1855 and they are housed in the

Bodleian Library The Bodleian Library () is the main research library of the University of Oxford, and is one of the oldest libraries in Europe. It derives its name from its founder, Sir Thomas Bodley. With over 13 million printed items, it is the sec ...

(Auct. T. infr 2.2) in

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

and 99 leaves of the codex are located now in the

National Library of Russia The National Library of Russia (NLR, russian: Российская национальная библиотека}), located in Saint Petersburg, is the first, and one of three national public libraries in Russia. The NLR is currently ranked amo ...

(Gr. 33) in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

. The Petersburgian leaves were described by

Kurt Treu Kurt Treu (15 September 1928 in Karja, Saare County, Estonia – 6 June 1991 in Vienna, Austria), was a German classical philologist. He was born the son of a German parson on the island Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia. In 1940, because of ...

.Kurt Treu, ''Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der USSR; eine systematische Auswertung des Texthandschriften in Leningrad, Moskau, Kiev, Odessa, Tbilisi und Erevan'', T & U 91 (Berlin: 1966), pp. 41-43.

References

External links

Codex Tischendorfianus Γ (036)
at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
MS. Auct. T. inf. 2. 2
in the Catalogue of Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries {{DEFAULTSORT:Tischendorfianus 4 Greek New Testament uncials 10th-century biblical manuscripts Bodleian Library collection

Codex Tischendorfianus IV Codex Tischendorfianus IV – designated by Γ or 036 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 70 ( von Soden) – is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 10th century (although 9th century is also possible ...

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

External links