Year 1090 (
MXC) was a
common year starting on Tuesday
A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The most recent year of such kind was 2019 and the next one wi ...
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* A third Almoravid
The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century tha ...
expedition is launched in Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label= Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the Mu ...
, designed to finally subdue the Taifa's Kingdoms. The cities of Córdoba, Seville, Granada, Málaga
Málaga (, ) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 578,460 in 2020, it is the second-most populou ...
, Almería
Almería (, , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of the same name. It lies on southeastern Iberia on the Mediterranean Sea. Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city gr ...
and Ronda fall to the troops of Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin
Yusuf ibn Tashfin, also Tashafin, Teshufin, ( ar, يوسف بن تاشفين ناصر الدين بن تالاكاكين الصنهاجي , Yūsuf ibn Tāshfīn Naṣr al-Dīn ibn Tālākakīn al-Ṣanhājī ; reigned c. 1061 – 1106) was l ...
.
* King Stephen II of Croatia
Stephen II ( hr, Stjepan II) was the last member of the Trpimirović dynasty and last native king of Croatia to rule the entire medieval Croatian Kingdom. becomes involved in an open conflict between factions of Croatian nobles, who reassert their traditional rights in their own counties.
Seljuk Empire
* Hassan-i Sabbah founds the Nizari Ismaili state after taking control of the Alamut Castle
Alamut ( fa, الموت, meaning "eagle's nest") is a ruined mountain fortress located in the Alamut region in the South Caspian province of Qazvin near the Masoudabad region in Iran, approximately 200 km (130 mi) from present-day Te ...
and organising the military group called the Order of Assassins.
Africa
* Béjaïa
Béjaïa (; ; ar, بجاية, Latn, ar, Bijāya, ; kab, Bgayet, Vgayet), formerly Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city and commune on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province, Kabylia. Béjaïa is ...
(or Bugia) becomes the capital of the Hammadid Dynasty
The Hammadid dynasty () was a branch of the Sanhaja Berber dynasty that ruled an area roughly corresponding to north-eastern modern Algeria between 1008 and 1152. The state reached its peak under Nasir ibn Alnas during which it was briefly the ...
in modern Algeria
)
, image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Algiers
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
. It becomes an important port and centre of culture.
By topic
Arts and Culture
* Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a ''trobairit ...
s begin playing in western Aquitaine
Aquitaine ( , , ; oc, Aquitània ; eu, Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Aguiéne''), archaic Guyenne or Guienne ( oc, Guiana), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former administrative region of the country. Since 1 Janua ...
( Poitou and Saintonge
Saintonge may refer to:
*County of Saintonge, a historical province of France on the Atlantic coast
*Saintonge (region), a region of France corresponding to the historical province
Places
* Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge, a commune in the Charente-Mar ...
) and Gascony (approximate date).
Science and Technology
* Qin Guan
Qin Guan (; 1049 – c. 1100) was a Chinese poet of the Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Shaoyou (). Taixu was also his courtesy name. His pseudonym was Huaihai Jushi () and Hangou Jushi (). He was honored as one of the "Four Scholars of Sumen ...
, Chinese poet of the Song Dynasty, writes the ''Can Shu'' (Book of Sericulture), which describes a silk-reeling machine that has the world's oldest known mechanical belt drive.
Births
*
January 17 –
Qin Hui
Qin Hui or Qin Kuai (January 17, 1090 – November 18, 1155) was a Chinese politician. He was a Chancellor of the Song dynasty in Chinese history.
He was a contemporary of Yue Fei during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Song. Modern historian ...
, Chinese chancellor and
traitor
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
(d.
1155
Year 1155 ( MCLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Siege of Tortona: German forces capture the citadel of Tortona (after a two-month siege) ...
)
*''unknown dates''
**
Frederick II (the One-Eyed), German
nobleman (d.
1147
Year 1147 ( MCXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Second Crusade
* Late spring – An expedition of Crusaders, Englishmen together with force ...
)
*
Fujiwara no Atsuyori (or Dōin), Japanese ''
waka
Waka may refer to:
Culture and language
* Waka (canoe), a Polynesian word for canoe; especially, canoes of the Māori of New Zealand
** Waka ama, a Polynesian outrigger canoe
** Waka hourua, a Polynesian ocean-going canoe
** Waka taua, a Māori ...
'' poet (d.
1179
Year 1179 ( MCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Levant
* April 10 – A Crusader army led by King Baldwin IV (the Leper) is ambushed by Musl ...
)
*''probable''
**
Agnes I, German
abbess
An abbess (Latin: ''abbatissa''), also known as a mother superior, is the female superior of a community of Catholic nuns in an abbey.
Description
In the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and Eastern Catholic), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic ...
of
Quedlinburg (approximate date)
**
Alaungsithu
Alaungsithu or Sithu I ( my, အလောင်းစည်သူ ; also Cansu I; 1090–1167) was king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1112/13 to 1167. Sithu's reign was a prosperous one in which Pagan was an integral part of in-land a ...
, Burmese king of the
Pagan Dynasty (d.
1167
Year 1167 ( MCLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League ...
)
**
Arnold of Brescia
Arnold of Brescia ( 1090 – June 1155), also known as Arnaldus ( it, Arnaldo da Brescia), an Italian canon regular from Lombardy, called on the Church to renounce property-ownership and participated in the failed Commune of Rome of 1144– ...
, Italian
canon regular
Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a ...
(approximate date)
**
Bernard of Clairvaux
Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist. ( la, Bernardus Claraevallensis; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templars, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through ...
, French
abbot
Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The fe ...
and theologian (d.
1153
Year 1153 ( MCLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Andronikos Komnenos, son of Isaac Komnenos, is imprisoned in ...
)
**
Chen Yuyi
Chen Yuyi (; 1090 – 1138) was a Chinese poet and politician of the Song dynasty.
Biography
Chen was born in Luoyang, Henan in 1090 to an official family, with his ancestral home in Jingzhao (today's Xi'an). After he acquired his ''jinshi'' i ...
, Chinese politician of the
Song Dynasty (d.
1138
Year 1138 ( MCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* March 7 – Conrad III is elected as King of Germany, in the presence of the pa ...
)
**
Eliezer ben Nathan
Eliezer ben Nathan () of Mainz (1090–1170), or Ra'avan (), was a halakist and liturgical poet. As an early Rishon, he was a contemporary of the Rashbam and Rabbeinu Tam, and one of the earliest of the Tosafists. He was the son-in-law of Rabbi ...
, German
rabbi and liturgical poet (d.
1170
Year 1170 ( MCLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Levant
* Winter – Egyptian forces led by Saladin invade Palestine and besiege Darum on th ...
)
**
Eric II (the Memorable), king of
Denmark (approximate date)
**
Fujiwara no Akisuke, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1155)
**
Juliane de Fontevrault, illegitimate daughter of King
Henry I of England
**
Conrad I, German nobleman and rector of
Burgundy
Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former Regions of France, administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Duke of Burgundy, Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11 ...
(d.
1152
Year 1152 ( MCLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Levant
* Spring – King Baldwin III and his mother, Queen Melisende, are called to intervene ...
)
**
Niklot (or Nyklot), Obotrite prince and tribal chief (d.
1160
Year 1160 ( MCLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) sends an embassy led by John Kontostep ...
)
**
Robert FitzRoy,
1st Earl of Gloucester
**
Theobald II (the Great), French nobleman
**
Theobald of Bec
Theobald of Bec ( c. 1090 – 18 April 1161) was a Norman archbishop of Canterbury from 1139 to 1161. His exact birth date is unknown. Some time in the late 11th or early 12th century Theobald became a monk at the Abbey of Bec, risi ...
, archbishop of
Canterbury
Canterbury (, ) is a cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour.
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the primate of the ...
**
William de Mohun,
1st Earl of Somerset
Deaths
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelred ...
–
García II, king of
Galicia and Portugal (b.
1042)
*
April 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
* 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide.
* 73 – Masad ...
–
Sikelgaita Sikelgaita (also ''Sichelgaita'' or ''Sigelgaita'') (1040 – 16 April 1090) was a Lombard princess, the daughter of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno and second wife of Duke Robert Guiscard of Apulia. She commanded troops in her own right.
Life
Sh ...
, Lombard duchess of
Apulia (b.
1040
Year 1040 ( MXL) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* Spring – Nikephoros Dokeianos, Byzantine governor of the Catepanate of Italy, is murdered ...
)
*
May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
*1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
...
–
Adelaide of Rheinfelden
Adelaide of Rheinfelden (or Adelaide of Swabia) (german: Adelheid) (1060s – May 1090), was Queen Consort of Hungary by marriage to King Ladislaus I of Hungary.
Life
Adelaide was born circa 1065 to Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia and Germ ...
, queen consort of
Hungary
*
May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tan ...
–
Liutold of Eppenstein
Liutold of Eppenstein ( – 12 May 1090) was Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona from 1077 until his death.
Biography
He was the second son of Markwart, Count of Eppenstein (d. 1076) and his wife Liutbirg, daughter of Count Liutold of Pl ...
, German nobleman
*
May 18 –
Berthold of Rheinfelden, German nobleman
*
June 26 –
Jaromír Jaromír, Jaromir, Jaroměr is a Slavic male given name.
Origin and meaning
Jaromír is a West Slavic given name composed of two stems ''jaro'' and ''mír''.
The meaning is not definite:
*Polish ''jary'' (archaic) = „spry, young, strong“; ''m ...
, Bohemian prince and bishop
*
July 3
Events Pre-1600
* 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolu ...
–
Egbert II (or Ekbert), German nobleman
*
August 11
Events Pre-1600
* 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins.
* 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...
–
Fujiwara no Atsuie Fujiwara no Atsuie (; 1033–1090) was a Japanese nobleman and ''gagaku'' musician poet of the Heian period.
Life
Fujiwara no Atsuie was a son of , a member of the Michitsuna lineage () of the Northern Branch of the Fujiwara clan. His mother was ...
, Japanese nobleman (b.
1033
Year 1033 ( MXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (the wikilink will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Asia
* December 5 – A major earthquake in the Jordan Valley devastates multiple ci ...
)
*
August 13
Events Pre-1600
* 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 – Em ...
–
Constance of Normandy
Constance of Normandy (between 1057 and 1061 – 13 August 1090) was a Duchess of Brittany.
She was one of the nine children of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. She was born in Normandy, where her father was duke. William of Jumiè ...
, duchess of
Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period o ...
*''unknown dates''
**
Abd al-Jalil ibn Wahbun, Moorish poet and writer
**
Fayun Faxiu, Chinese
Chan Buddhist
Chan (; of ), from Sanskrit '' dhyāna'' (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It developed in China from the 6th century CE onwards, becoming especially popular during the Tang and S ...
monk (b.
1027
Year 1027 ( MXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By Place
Europe
* March 26 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II ("the Elder") and his wife Gisela of Swabi ...
)
**
Richard fitz Gilbert
Richard fitz Gilbert (before 1035–), 1st feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and was styled "de Bienfaite", " de Clare", and of "Tonbridge" from his holdings.G. E. ...
, Norman nobleman (b. c.10350
**
Guo Xi, Chinese
landscape painter
** St
Isaiah of Rostov, Kievan
missionary and bishop
**
Raynald I, French
Benedictine
, image = Medalla San Benito.PNG
, caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal
, abbreviation = OSB
, formation =
, motto = (English: 'Pray and Work')
, found ...
abbot (b.
1059
Year 1059 ( MLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* November 22 – Emperor Isaac I Komnenos falls ill on a hunt and retires to a ...
)
**
William of Poitiers, French priest and chronicler (b. c.1020)
*''probable''
**
Osbern of Canterbury
Osbern ( 1050 – c. 1095) was a Benedictine monk, hagiographer and musician, precentor of Christ Church, Canterbury. He is sometimes confused with Osbert de Clare, alias Osbern de Westminster. He is known as "the monk Osbern" or just "Monk Osbern" ...
, English
hagiographer
A hagiography (; ) is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Early Christian hagiographies might ...
References
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