Clavier-Übung, in more modern spelling Klavierübung, is

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

for "keyboard exercise". In the late 17th and early 18th centuries this was a common title for keyboard music collections: first adopted by

Johann Kuhnau Johann Kuhnau (; 6 April 16605 June 1722) was a German polymath, known primarily as a composer today. He was also active as a novelist, translator, lawyer, and music theorist, and was able to combine these activities with his duties in his offi ...

in 1689,Wollf (1991) p.189Boyd (2006) p.193) the term later became mostly associated with

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard w ...

's four ''Clavier-Übung'' publications. The following composers published works under the title ''Clavier-Übung'': *

: ** ''

Clavier-Übung I The Partitas, BWV 825–830, are a set of six keyboard suites written by Johann Sebastian Bach, published individually beginning in 1726, then together as ''Clavier-Übung I'' in 1731, the first of his works to be published under his own direct ...

'': six partitas, published separately 1726–1730, then grouped in one volume in 1731 ** ''

Clavier-Übung II Johann Sebastian Bach's ''Clavier-Übung II'' was published in 1735, containing two works written for performance on a two- manual harpsichord. In the publication, Bach contrasted a work in Italian style – a '' Concerto nach Italienischem Gu ...

'': ''

Italian Concerto The ''Italian Concerto'', BWV 971, originally titled ''Concerto nach Italiænischen Gusto'' (''Concerto in the Italian taste''), is a three-movement concerto for two- manual harpsichord solo composed by Johann Sebastian Bach and published in 17 ...

'' and ''

French Overture The French overture is a musical form widely used in the Baroque period. Its basic formal division is into two parts, which are usually enclosed by double bars and repeat signs. They are complementary in style (slow in dotted rhythms and fast in f ...

'' (1735) ** ''

Clavier-Übung III The ''Clavier-Übung III'', sometimes referred to as the ''German Organ Mass'', is a collection of compositions for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, started in 1735–36 and published in 1739. It is considered Bach's most significant and extensiv ...

'': also known as the ''German Organ Mass'' (1739) ** ''Clavier-Übung IV'': ''Aria with Diverse Variations'', known as the ''

Goldberg Variations The ''Goldberg Variations'', BWV 988, is a musical composition for keyboard by Johann Sebastian Bach, consisting of an aria and a set of 30 variations. First published in 1741, it is named after Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, who may also have ...

'' (1741) *

Ferruccio Busoni Ferruccio Busoni (1 April 1866 – 27 July 1924) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary ...

** '' Klavierübung'' (1918–1925) *

Christoph Graupner Christoph Graupner (13 January 1683 – 10 May 1760) was a German composer and harpsichordist of late Baroque music who was a contemporary of Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann and George Frideric Handel. Life Born in Hartmannsdorf ...

: ** ''Leichte Clavier-Übungen'' (c.1730) *

Johann Ludwig Krebs Johann Ludwig Krebs (baptized 12 October 1713 – 1 January 1780) was a German Baroque musician and composer for the pipe organ, harpsichord, other instruments and orchestras. His output also included chamber music, choral works and concertos ...

** ''Clavier Ubung Bestehend in verschiedenen vorspielen und veränderungen einiger Kirchen Gesaenge'' Nürnberg, J.U. Haffner, c. 1744) ** ''Clavier-Ubung bestehet in einer ..Suite ..Zweyter Theil'' (Nürnberg, J.U. Haffner, c. 1744) ** ''Clavier-Ubung bestehend in sechs Sonatinen … IIIter Theil'' (Nürnberg, J.U. Haffner, c. 1744) *

Johann Philipp Kirnberger Johann Philipp Kirnberger (also ''Kernberg''; 24 April 1721, Saalfeld – 27 July 1783, Berlin) was a musician, composer (primarily of fugues), and music theorist. He was a student of Johann Sebastian Bach. According to Ingeborg Allihn, Kirnberg ...

** '' Clavierübungen mit der bachischen Applicatur'', four volumes, 1761–1766 *

Johann Krieger Johann Krieger (28 December 1651 – 18 July 1735) was a German composer and organist, younger brother of Johann Philipp Krieger. Born in Nuremberg, he worked at Bayreuth, Zeitz, and Greiz before settling in Zittau. He was one of the most importa ...

** ''Anmuthige Clavier-Übung'' (1698) *

: ** ''Neuer Clavier-Übung, erster Theil'' (1689) ** ''Neuer Clavier-Übung, anderer Theil'' (1692) *

Vincent Lübeck Vincent Lübeck (c. September 1654 – 9 February 1740) was a German composer and organist. He was born in Padingbüttel and worked as organist and composer at Stade's St. Cosmae et Damiani (1675–1702) and Hamburg's famous St. Nikolai (1702–1 ...

** ''Clavier Übung'' (1728) *

Georg Andreas Sorge Georg Andreas Sorge (21 March 1703 in Mellenbach, Thuringia – 4 April 1778) was an organist, composer, and, most notably, theorist. His references to Johann Sebastian Bach show that they were friends, and he composed three fugues for organ on ...

** ''Clavier Übung'' in three parts, 18 sonatas for harpsichord (1738–c.1745) ** ''Clavier Übung'' in two parts, 24 preludes for organ or clavichord (1739–42)

References

Sources

External links