Clare Island Survey
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The Clare island Survey was a multidisciplinary ( zoological, botanical,
archaeological Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...
, and geological) survey of Clare Island an island off the West coast of Ireland. The survey which followed a similar survey of Lambay Island in 1905 and 1906 was proposed by
Robert Lloyd Praeger Robert Lloyd Praeger (25 August 1865 – 5 May 1953) was an Irish naturalist, writer and librarian. Biography From a Unitarian background, he was born and raised in Holywood, County Down. He attended the school of the Reverend McAlister a ...
and in April 1908 a committee was formed to recruit and organise the work of over one hundred scientists from Ireland, England Denmark, Germany and
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
and the data collected during three years of field work on the island (1909-1911). The committee members were Robert Lloyd Praeger, Robert Francis Scharff, Richard Manliffe Barrington,
Grenville Cole Grenville Arthur James Cole FRS, FGS, MRIA (21 October 1859 – 20 April 1924) was an English geologist. He was from 1890 the Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the Royal College of Science for Ireland, and from 1905 he became the fifth Dir ...
, Nathaniel Colgan and
Henry William Lett Henry William Lett (4 December 1836, Hillsborough, County Down – 26 December 1920, Aghaderg) was an Irish botanist who specialised in mosses. Lett was educated at Trinity College. He was Canon of Dromore and a Member of the Belfast Natu ...
. The bulk of the work is concerned with
systematic Systematic may refer to: Science * Short for systematic error * Systematic fault * Systematic bias, errors that are not determined by chance but are introduced by an inaccuracy (involving either the observation or measurement process) inheren ...
zoology and botany but paid special attention to questions of geographical distribution, dispersal, and ecology and covered antiquities, place-names, family names, geology, climatology, agriculture and meteorology. The results were published both as ''A Biological Survey of Clare Island in the County of Mayo, Ireland and of the Adjoining District''. Parts 1-68 (part 8 was never published) Dublin Hodges, Figgis, & Co., Ltd., for the Royal Irish Academy, 1911-1915.:The sections are Introduction, Archaeology, Irish Names, Agriculture, Climatology, Geology, Botany, Zoology and as separateparts in the Proceedings of the
Royal Irish Academy The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; ga, Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann), based in Dublin, is an academic body that promotes study in the sciences, humanities and social sciences. It is Ireland's premier List of Irish learned societies, learned socie ...
. The parts are: *Part 1 Introduction and General Narrative Robert John Welch,
Robert Lloyd Praeger Robert Lloyd Praeger (25 August 1865 – 5 May 1953) was an Irish naturalist, writer and librarian. Biography From a Unitarian background, he was born and raised in Holywood, County Down. He attended the school of the Reverend McAlister a ...
*Part 2. History and Archaeology T. J. Westropp *Part 3. Place-Names and Family Names
John Macneill John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...
* Part 4. Gaelic Plant and Animal Names and Associated Folk-Lore Nathaniel Colgan (also worked on marine mollusca and algae) * Part 5. Agriculture and its History James Wilson (Irish naturalist) *Part 6 Climatology
W. J. Lyons W. may refer to: * SoHo (Australian TV channel) (previously W.), an Australian pay television channel * ''W.'' (film), a 2008 American biographical drama film based on the life of George W. Bush * "W.", the fifth track from Codeine's 1992 EP ''Bar ...
*Part 7 Geology
Edward Alexander Newell Arber Edward Alexander Newell Arber (5 August 1870, London – 14 June 1918, Cambridge) was an England, English botanist and paleontologist. He was a professor at the University of Cambridge specialising in palaeobotany. He married plant morphologi ...
and
Timothy Hallissy Timothy is a masculine name. It comes from the Greek name ( Timόtheos) meaning "honouring God", "in God's honour", or "honoured by God". Timothy (and its variations) is a common name in several countries. People Given name * Timothy (given name) ...
*Part 8 not published *Part 9 Tree growth
Arthur C. Forbes Arthur Charles Forbes (1866 – 7 November 1950) was an English forestry expert. He was a lecturer at Armstrong College of Science in Newcastle upon Tyne and, later, emigrating to Ireland in 1905 to enter the Irish Forestry Department, later ...
*Part 10: Phanerogamia and Pteridophyta Robert Lloyd Praeger (also vegetation map, marine dredging, marine algae, fungi, sponges and mollusca with Hedwig Praeger) *Parts 11–12: Musci and
Hepaticae The Marchantiophyta () are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of ...
Henry William Lett Henry William Lett (4 December 1836, Hillsborough, County Down – 26 December 1920, Aghaderg) was an Irish botanist who specialised in mosses. Lett was educated at Trinity College. He was Canon of Dromore and a Member of the Belfast Natu ...
*Part 13 Fungi
Henry Hawley (naturalist) Henry Hawley (12 January 1685 – 24 March 1759) was a British army officer who served in the wars of the first half of the 18th century. He fought in a number of significant battles, including the Capture of Vigo in 1719, Dettingen, Fon ...
*Part 14 Lichens Annie Lorrain Smith *Part 15 Marine Algae Arthur Disbrowe Cotton *Part 16 Fresh-water algae, with a supplement of marine diatoms William West *Part 17 Mammalia
Gerald Edwin Hamilton Barrett-Hamilton Major Gerald Edwin Hamilton Barrett-Hamilton (1871 – 17 January 1914) was a British/Irish natural historian, co-author with M. A. C. Hinton of ''A History of British Mammals'', which remained "the most thorough, accurate and scientific public ...
*Part 18 Reptilia and Amphibia Robert Francis Scharff (also worked on Molluscs & woodlice) *Part 19 Fish
George Philip Farran George Philip Farran (1876–1949) was an Irish zoologist. He was an expert on Copepoda. Farran initially worked in the National Museum and in the Royal Dublin Society's Fishery Survey. He was appointed Assistant Naturalist with the Department ...
(also worked on marine dredging) *Part 20
Aves Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...
Richard John Ussher Richard John Ussher (6 April 1841 – 12 October 1913) was an Ireland, Irish ornithologist and Speleology, speleologist. Early life and family Ussher was born at Cappagh House, Cappagh, County Waterford on 6 April 1841. His parents were Isabel ...
*Part 21 Tunicata and Hemichorda
George Philip Farran George Philip Farran (1876–1949) was an Irish zoologist. He was an expert on Copepoda. Farran initially worked in the National Museum and in the Royal Dublin Society's Fishery Survey. He was appointed Assistant Naturalist with the Department ...
*Part 22 Marine
Mollusca Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
Nathaniel Colgan. *Part 23 Land and Fresh-water Mollusca
Arthur Wilson Stelfox Arthur Wilson Stelfox (15 December 1883–19 May 1972) was an Irish naturalist and architect. Stelfox was a recognised authority on Hymenoptera and on non-marine Mollusca especially the genus ''Pisidium''. He also made important contributi ...
*Part 24
Hymenoptera Hymenoptera is a large order (biology), order of insects, comprising the sawfly, sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are Par ...
Claude Morley *Part 25
Diptera Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ...
Percy Hall Grimshawbr>online here
*Part 26
Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...
William Francis de Vismes Kane *Part 27
Neuroptera The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera can be grouped together with the Megaloptera and Raphidioptera in th ...
James Nathaniel Halbert (also worked on other insects (all orders)) *Part 28 Terrestrial
Coleoptera Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...
James Nathaniel Halbert *Part 29 Aquatic Coleoptyera William Alexander Francis Balfour Browne (also worked on land beetles and other insects (all orders)) *Part 30
Hemiptera Hemiptera (; ) is an order (biology), order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, Reduviidae, assassin bugs, Cimex, bed bugs, and shield bugs. ...
James Nathaniel Halbert *Part 31
Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grassho ...
George Carpenter (also worked on other insects (all orders)) *Part 32 Apterygota George Carpenter *Part 33 Chilopoda and Diplopoda
William Frederick Johnson William Frederick Johnson (1852–1934) was an Irish naturalist primarily interested in Entomology. Biography He was born on 20 April 1852 in Travancore, India, where he spent his youth. A genial and kindly clergyman, he published over 100 pa ...
(also worked on other insects (all orders)) *Part 34 Pycnogonida George Carpenter *Part 35 Araneae
Denis Robert Pack-Beresford Denis Robert Pack-Beresford (1864–1942) was an Irish entomologist and arachnologist. Life Denis Robert Pack-Beresford was born on 23 March 1864, the son of Denis Pack-Beresford of Fenagh House, Bagenalstown, County Carlow, and Annette Brow ...
*Part 36 Phalangida Denis Robert Pack-Beresford *Part 37 Arctiscoida James Murray *Part 38 Pseudoscorpiones
Harry Wallis Kew Harry Wallis Kew (1868–1948) was an amateur English zoologist. Wallis Kew worked as a bank clerk in Kent and devoted his free time to the study of pseudoscorpions and molluscs. He is best remembered for his book entitled ''The dispersal of ...
*Part 39 Acarinida: Section I: Hydracarina *Part 39b Acarinida: Section II Terrestrial and Marine Acarina James Nathaniel Halbert *Part 40
Decapoda The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is esti ...
George Philip Farran *Part 41 Nebaliacea
Walter Medley Tattersall Walter Medley Tattersall (8 November 1882 – 5 October 1943) was a British zoologist and marine biologist, famous for his study of mysids. He was born in Liverpool, the eldest son of a draper's family. He studied zoology at the University of Liv ...
(also marine dredging) *Part 42
Amphipoda Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far desc ...
Walter Medley Tattersall *Part 43 Marine lsopoda and Tanaidacea Walter Medley Tattersall *Part 44 Land and Fresh-Water Isopoda
Nevin Harkness Foster Nevin may refer to: Surname * Nevin (surname) Given name Popular Turkish feminine name (from "nev" in Persian, meaning "new"). *Nevin Çokay (1930–2012), Turkish painter *Nevin Yanıt (born 1986), Turkish sprinter Nevin is a common surname of I ...
(also worked on birds) *Part 45 Marine Entomostraca George Philip Farran *Part 46 Fresh-water Entomostraca
David Joseph Scourfield David Joseph Scourfield FLS FRMS ISO (October 20, 1866 – October 3, 1949) was a British civil servant and biologist known as an authority on the Cladocera. He served as president of the Quekett Microscopical Club and vice president of the Roya ...
*Part 47 Archiannelida and Polychaeta
Rowland Southern Rowland Southern (1882 – 13 December 1935) was an English aquatic biologist who specialised in the study of the fresh-water and marine life, particularly segmented worms (Annelida) of Ireland. He trained in England as a chemist and upon m ...
(also marine dredging) *Part 48 Gephyrea
Rowland Southern Rowland Southern (1882 – 13 December 1935) was an English aquatic biologist who specialised in the study of the fresh-water and marine life, particularly segmented worms (Annelida) of Ireland. He trained in England as a chemist and upon m ...
*Part 49 Oligochaeta Rowland Southern *Part 50 Hirudinea Rowland Southern *Part 51 Rotifera
Charles F. Rousselet Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was ...
*Part 52 Rotifera Bdelloida James Murray *Part 53 Polyzoa
Albert Russell Nichols Albert Russell Nichols (1859–1933 ) was an English museum curator and zoologist who worked mainly in Ireland. Nichols was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in mathematics as 16th wrangler in 1882. Nichols came from Englan ...
*Part 54 Nemathelmia, Kinorhyncha, and Chaetognatha Rowland Southern *Part 55:
Nemertinea Nemertea is a phylum of animals also known as ribbon worms or proboscis worms, consisting of 1300 known species. Most ribbon worms are very slim, usually only a few millimeters wide, although a few have relatively short but wide bodies. Many ...
Rowland Southern *Part 56 Platyhelmia Rowland Southern *Part 57 Echinodermata
Albert Russell Nichols Albert Russell Nichols (1859–1933 ) was an English museum curator and zoologist who worked mainly in Ireland. Nichols was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in mathematics as 16th wrangler in 1882. Nichols came from Englan ...
*Part 58 Coelenterata Jane Stephens *Part 59 Marine
Porifera Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through th ...
Jane Stephens *Part 60 Fresh-water Porifera Jane Stephens *Part 61 and 62
Flagellata A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their ...
and Ciliata John Samuel Dunkerly (also other Infusoria) *Part 63 Mycetozoa Gulielma Lister *Part 64 Foraminifera
Arthur Earland Arthur Earland FRSE FRMS (3 November 1866 – 27 March 1958) was a British oceanographer and microscopist. He was an expert on Foraminifera and gives his name to Earlandite. He was skilled in the identification of microscopic shells in a manner in ...
and Edward Heron-Allen *Part 65 Foraminifera
G.H. Wailes GH, Gh, gh, or .gh may refer to: * gh (digraph), a digraph found in many languages * Gästrike-Hälsinge nation, a student association at Uppsala University, Sweden * ''General Hospital'', an American daytime medical drama * Ghana (ISO 3166-1 al ...
*Part 66. Notes on marine plankton George Philip Farran *Part 67 Marine Ecology Roland Southern *Part 68 General Summary Robert Lloyd Praeger Nonpublishing participants
John Adams (naturalist) John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of ...
(Marine algae);
Edward Alexander Newell Arber Edward Alexander Newell Arber (5 August 1870, London – 14 June 1918, Cambridge) was an England, English botanist and paleontologist. He was a professor at the University of Cambridge specialising in palaeobotany. He married plant morphologi ...
(Geology); James Bayley Butler (Protozoa);
Frederik Børgesen Fredrik Christian Emil Børgesen (1 January 1866 in Copenhagen – 22 March 1956 in Frederiksberg) was a Danish botanist and phycologist. He graduated in botany from the University of Copenhagen and was subsequently employed as an assistant at th ...
(Marine algae); George W. Chaster (Mollusca);
Grenville Cole Grenville Arthur James Cole FRS, FGS, MRIA (21 October 1859 – 20 April 1924) was an English geologist. He was from 1890 the Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the Royal College of Science for Ireland, and from 1905 he became the fifth Dir ...
(Geology), George Fogerty (Archaeology); Thomas Greer (Lepidoptera); David Thomas Gwynne-Vaughan (botany); Arthur William Hill (Botany);
John De Witt Hinch John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Seco ...
(Glacial geology); Stanley Wells Kemp (marine dredging);
Matilda Cullen Knowles Matilda Cullen Knowles (31 January 1864 – 27 April 1933) is considered the founder of modern studies of Irish lichens following her work in the early twentieth century on the multi-disciplinary Clare Island Survey. From 1923 she shared curato ...
(lichens, flowering plants, peat deposits);
David McArdle David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". w ...
(Mosses and hepatics);
James Napier Milne James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambigua ...
(insects);
Charles Joseph Patten Charles Joseph Patten (1870 – 13 June 1948) was an Irish anatomist and ornithologist. Biography Charles Joseph Patten was born in 1870, in Ballybrack, County Dublin. He was a son of Richard Patten, of the Court of Exchequer. He was ed ...
(birds); Eugène Penard (rhizopods);
Walter Mead Rankin Walter may refer to: People * Walter (name), both a surname and a given name * Little Walter, American blues harmonica player Marion Walter Jacobs (1930–1968) * Gunther (wrestler), Austrian professional wrestler and trainer Walter Hahn (born 1 ...
(Crustacea and Decapoda); Colin M. Selbie (marine dredging and Crustacea); Otto Stapf (botany);
Isaac Swain Isaac Swain (1874 – 1963) was an Irish professor of geology. Life Isaac Swain was born in 1874. He was a Quaker. Swain attended the Friends' School, Lisburn, and Royal College of Science for Ireland, graduating with a BA and MSc. He was ...
(geology)


References

{{coord missing, County Mayo Islands of County Mayo History of County Mayo Natural history of Ireland