Claire F. Gmachl
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Claire F. Gmachl is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Electrical Engineering at
Princeton University Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ...
. She is best known for her work in the development of
quantum cascade laser Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jérôme Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson, ...
s.


Education and honors

Gmachl earned her M.Sc. in Physics from the
University of Innsbruck The University of Innsbruck (german: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; la, Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669. ...
in 1991. She went on to receive her Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Vienna in 1995, graduating ''sub auspiciis Praesidentis'' (with special honors by the president of the Austrian republic). Her studies focused on integrated optical modulators and tunable surface-emitting lasers in the near infrared. From 1996 to 1998, she was a Post-Doctoral Member of Technical Staff at
Bell Laboratories Nokia Bell Labs, originally named Bell Telephone Laboratories (1925–1984), then AT&T Bell Laboratories (1984–1996) and Bell Labs Innovations (1996–2007), is an American industrial research and scientific development company owned by mult ...
. In 1998, she became a formal Member of Technical Staff at Bell Labs and in 2002 she was named a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff, in part due to her work on the development of the
quantum cascade laser Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jérôme Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson, ...
. In 2003, she left Bell Labs and took a position as Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at
Princeton University Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ...
, where she is currently working as a full Professor since 2007. In 2004, Popular Science named Gmachl in its "Class of 2004 - Brilliant 10," its list of the 10 most promising scientists under 40. She went on, in September 2005, to win the
MacArthur Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is a private foundation that makes grants and impact investments to support non-profit organizations in approximately 50 countries around the world. It has an endowment of $7.0 billion and p ...
's " genius grant." Recently, she was named the director of the new
Mid-InfraRed Technologies for Health and the Environment Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible to the human eye. IR is generally understood to encompass wavelengths from around ...
(MIRTHE) Center, funded by the
National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National ...
. Gmachl succeeded Sandra Bermann as head of
Whitman College, Princeton University Whitman College is one of six residential colleges at Princeton University, New Jersey, United States. The college is named after Meg Whitman, a former CEO of eBay, who donated $30 million to build the college. The structures were designed by th ...
on July 1, 2019.


Research

Although Gmachl originally intended to study theoretical applied mathematics, her interest soon turned to theoretical applied physics, and, with the encouragement of an advisor, experimental sciences. As such, she works in the fields of optics and semiconductor laser technology. Gmachl has conceived several novel designs for solid-state lasers and her work has led to advances in the development of
quantum cascade laser Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jérôme Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson, ...
s. QC lasers are a rapidly evolving class of high-performance, mid-infrared, semiconductor light sources. They offer considerable wavelength tunability, high output power, high-speed modulation capabilities and may be fabricated in several different materials systems. Gmachl has demonstrated mid-infrared light sources for a wide range of applications, including trace gas sensing in the environmental, industrial, and medical fields, and free-space optics in wireless communications. Her recent work includes the development of QC microlasers and new hybrid devices including quantum cascade structures and nonlinear components, dramatically extending the wavelength range of QC technology. These designs have applications in environmental monitoring, clinical diagnoses, spectroscopy, and chemical process control.


Awards

*"The Snell Premium" award of the IEE, UK, August 2003 *
Bell Labs Nokia Bell Labs, originally named Bell Telephone Laboratories (1925–1984), then AT&T Bell Laboratories (1984–1996) and Bell Labs Innovations (1996–2007), is an American industrial Research and development, research and scientific developm ...
"Distinguished Member of Staff", December 2002 *
MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the m ...
Technology Review ''MIT Technology Review'' is a bimonthly magazine wholly owned by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and editorially independent of the university. It was founded in 1899 as ''The Technology Review'', and was re-launched without "The" in ...
TR100, 2002, as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35 *
IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a 501(c)(3) professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operat ...
/LEOS Distinguished Lecturer '02 - '03, April 2002 *Commendation for Excellence in Technical Communications", Laser Focus World Magazine, 9/2001 *Outstanding Performer Award under the
DARPA The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. Originally known as the Ad ...
/MTO PWASSP Program, US DoD, July 2001 *
NASA Group Achievement Award The NASA Group Achievement Award (GAA) is an award given by NASA to groups of government or non-government personnel in recognition of group accomplishments contributing to NASA's mission. The criteria for earning the Group Achievement Award are ...
, co-recipient,
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
, Washington D.C., 2000 **"For making the first atmospheric measurements using a quantum-cascade laser, thereby demonstrating its applicability to in situ terrestrial and planetary instrumentation." -
Bell Labs Nokia Bell Labs, originally named Bell Telephone Laboratories (1925–1984), then AT&T Bell Laboratories (1984–1996) and Bell Labs Innovations (1996–2007), is an American industrial Research and development, research and scientific developm ...
*Solid State Physics Award of the Austrian Physical Society, Austria, 1996 *1995
Christian Doppler Christian Andreas Doppler ( (); 29 November 1803 – 17 March 1853) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist. He is celebrated for his principle – known as the Doppler effect – that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative ...
Award for engineering sciences including environmental sciences, Austria, 1996 *Graduation "sub auspicies praesidentis" by the president of Austria, Vienna, Austria, 1996


Selected publications

*Claire Gmachl, Alexey Belyanin, Deborah L. Sivco, Milton L. Peabody, Nina Owschimikow, A. Michael Sergent, Federico Capasso, and Alfred Y. Cho. ''Optimized Second-Harmonic Generation in Quantum Cascade Lasers''. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39 (11), in print (2003) *Nina Owschimikow, Claire Gmachl, Alexey Belyanin, Vitaly Kocharovsky, Deborah L. Sivco, Raffaele Colombelli, Federico Capasso, and Alfred Y. Cho. ''Resonant Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes in Quantum Cascade Lasers''. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(4), 043902-1-4 (2003) *C. Gmachl, A. Soibel, R. Colombelli, D. L. Sivco, F. Capasso, and A. Y. Cho. ''Minimal Group Refractive Index Dispersion and Gain Evolution in Ultra-Broadband Quantum Cascade Lasers''. IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett. 14 (12), pp. 1671 – 1672 (2002) *Claire Gmachl, Axel Straub, Raffaele Colombelli, Federico Capasso, Deborah L. Sivco, A. Michael Sergent, and Alfred Y. Cho. ''Single-mode, Tunable Distributed-Feedback and Multiple-Wavelength Quantum Cascade Lasers''. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 569 - 581 (2002) invited paper *Claire Gmachl, Evgueni E. Narimanov, Federico Capasso, James N. Baillargeon, Alfred Y. Cho. ''Kolmogorov Arnold Moser transition and laser action on scar modes in semiconductor diode lasers with deformed resonators''. Opt. Lett. 27, pp. 824 – 826 (2002) *C. Gmachl, D. L. Sivco, R. Colombelli, F. Capasso, and A. Y. Cho. ''Ultra-broadband semiconductor laser''. Nature 415, pp. 883 – 887 (2002) *Claire Gmachl, Federico Capasso, Deborah L. Sivco, and Alfred Y. Cho. ''Recent progress in quantum cascade lasers and applications''. Reports on Progress in Physics 64, pp. 1533 – 1601 (2001)


References


External links


Claire Gmachl profile, Princeton UniversityGmachl Group website, Princeton University
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gmachl, Claire American electrical engineers Semiconductor physicists 1967 births Living people Austrian women physicists American women physicists Scientists at Bell Labs MacArthur Fellows Princeton University faculty 21st-century American physicists 20th-century American physicists 20th-century American women scientists 21st-century American women scientists Women in optics American women academics Optical physicists