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Cicadomorpha is an infraorder of the insect order
Hemiptera Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to a ...
which contains the
cicada The cicadas () are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs). They are in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha, along with smaller jumping bugs such as leafhoppers and froghoppers. The superfamily is divided into ...
s,
leafhopper A leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and a ...
s,
treehopper Treehoppers (more precisely typical treehoppers to distinguish them from the Aetalionidae) and thorn bugs are members of the family Membracidae, a group of insects related to the cicadas and the leafhoppers. About 3,200 species of treehoppers ...
s, and spittlebugs. There are approximately 35,000 described species worldwide. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. The earliest
fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...
s of cicadomorphs first appear during the
Late Permian Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, ...
.


Classification

Some authors use the name Clypeorrhyncha (from the
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
''clypeus'' and the
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
ῥύγχος ''rhúnkhos'', 'shielded nose') as a replacement for the extant Cicadomorpha. Nymphs of many Cicadomorphans coat themselves with secretions from specialized Malphigian tubules. They are never coated with hydrophobic wax as seen in the nymphs of Fulgoromorpha. Most Cicadomorphas have a filter chamber in their mid-gut which helps remove excess water from the xylem or phloem sap that they feed on. Of the three extant superfamilies within the Cicadomorpha, molecular phylogeny studies have placed Membracoidea as a sister group to a clade containing Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea. Within these superfamilies, not all deep phylogeny questions have been resolved. Modified after Szwedo, 2018. * †Infraorder Prosbolopsemorpha ** Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea *** Family † Prosbolopseidae (Permian) ** Superfamily † Pereborioidea *** † Curvicubitidae (Triassic) *** † Ignotalidae (Permian-Triassic) *** † Pereboriidae (Permian-Triassic) ** Superfamily †Dysmorphoptiloidea *** † Dysmorphoptilidae (Permian- Jurassic) *** † Eoscarterellidae (Permian-Triassic) *** † Magnacicadiidae (Triassic) ** Superfamily † Palaeontinoidea *** † Dunstaniidae (Permian–Jurassic) *** † Mesogereonidae (Triassic) *** † Palaeontinidae (Triassic–Cretaceous) ** Superfamily † Hylicelloidea *** † Chiliocyclidae ; Triassic *** † Hylicellidae (Triassic–Cretaceous) *** † Mesojabloniidae (Triassic) * Clade Clypeata ** Superfamily Cercopoidea ** Superfamily Cicadoidea ** Superfamily † Hylicelloidea *** † Chiliocyclidae ; Triassic *** † Hylicellidae (Triassic–Cretaceous) *** † Mesojabloniidae (Triassic) *** † Minlagerrontidae (Cretaceous) ** Superfamily Membracoidea


References

Auchenorrhyncha Insect infraorders {{Auchenorrhyncha-stub