Chinese bakery
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Chinese bakery products ( or ) consist of
pastries Pastry is baked food made with a dough of flour, water and shortening (solid fats, including butter or lard) that may be savoury or sweetened. Sweetened pastries are often described as '' bakers' confectionery''. The word "pastries" suggest ...
,
cake Cake is a flour confection made from flour, sugar, and other ingredients, and is usually baked. In their oldest forms, cakes were modifications of bread, but cakes now cover a wide range of preparations that can be simple or elaborate ...
s,
snacks A snack is a small portion of food generally eaten between meals. Snacks come in a variety of forms including packaged snack foods and other processed foods, as well as items made from fresh ingredients at home. Traditionally, snacks are ...
, and
desserts Dessert is a course that concludes a meal. The course consists of sweet foods, such as confections, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine and liqueur. In some parts of the world, such as much of Greece and West Africa, and most parts of ...
of largely East Asian origin, though some are derived from Western baked goods. Some of the most common "Chinese" bakery products include
mooncake A mooncake () is a Chinese bakery product traditionally eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋節). The festival is about lunar appreciation and Moon watching, and mooncakes are regarded as a delicacy. Mooncakes are offered between ...
s, sun cakes (
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the Capital city, capital of the China, People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's Li ...
and Taiwan varieties), egg tarts, and wife cakes. Chinese bakeries are present in countries with ethnic Chinese people, and are particularly common in
Chinatown A Chinatown () is an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside Greater China, most often in an urban setting. Areas known as "Chinatown" exist throughout the world, including Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Africa and Aust ...
s. The establishments may also serve tea, coffee, and other drinks.


Bakery types

There are regional differences in cities with large Chinese presences, particularly those in Asia like
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
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Kuala Lumpur , anthem = ''Maju dan Sejahtera'' , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , sub ...
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Penang Penang ( ms, Pulau Pinang, is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the M ...
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Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital city, capital and list of Indonesian cities by population, largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coa ...
,
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
, and
Bangkok Bangkok, officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated populati ...
. Bakery fillings especially may be influenced by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, or Thailand. In North America, the largest Chinatowns, such as San Francisco, Vancouver, New York, and Toronto, have the widest range of offerings, including influences from France, Italy, Japan, and Mexico. There are also large overlaps in the products sold at
Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...
-style and
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...
-style bakeries; there nevertheless remain significant differences between these two major types. For instance, bread cake and pineapple cake were developed in Taiwan-style bakeries, while the
cocktail bun The cocktail bun () is a Hong Kong-style sweet bun with a filling of shredded coconut. It is one of several iconic types of baked goods originating from Hong Kong. History The cocktail bun is said to have been created in the 1950s in Hong K ...
and
pineapple bun A pineapple bun () is a kind of sweet bun predominantly popular in Hong Kong and also common in Chinatowns worldwide. Despite the name, it does not traditionally contain pineapple; rather, the name refers to the look of the characteristic top ...
is a Hong Kong style product. Hong Kong bakeries have more western influence due to the 150 years of British rule that ended in 1997, and the nearby presence of the former Portuguese colony of
Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...
. Taiwan-style bakeries may have more influence from American bakery, Japanese bakery, or Korean bakery styles. Chinese bakeries show considerable variation within
mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the China, People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming Island, Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territorie ...
due to the cultural and geographical diversity of the country. For example, '' Furu bing'' (腐乳饼) are sold in the
Chaoshan Chaoshan or Teoswa (; peng'im: ''Dio5suan1'' i̯o˥˥꜖꜖.sũ̯ã˧˧ is a cultural-linguistic region in the east of Guangdong, China. It is the origin of the Min Nan Chaoshan dialect (). The region, also known as Chiushan in Cantonese, c ...
region, while ''nang'' (馕) is sold in
Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwes ...
.
Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four Direct-administered municipalities of China, direct-administered municipalities of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the ...
nese bakeries are strongly influenced by European bakeries. Some bakeries also offer small snacks traditionally associated with
dim sum Dim sum () is a large range of small Chinese dishes that are traditionally enjoyed in restaurants for brunch. Most modern dim sum dishes are commonly associated with Cantonese cuisine, although dim sum dishes also exist in other Chinese cuis ...
cuisine. There is considerable overlap between these categories.


Eastern-origin pastry

Some types of steamed or baked buns have a very similar appearance, making it difficult to determine what they have been filled with. Informal ''de facto'' standards have developed for indicating the filling by some external mark on the buns, such as a colored dot or a sprinkling of a few
sesame seed Sesame ( or ; ''Sesamum indicum'') is a flowering plant in the genus '' Sesamum'', also called benne. Numerous wild relatives occur in Africa and a smaller number in India. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cu ...
s. Unless otherwise indicated, most of the following foods are baked. Some foods are steamed, boiled, deep-fried, pan-fried, or do not require further cooking at all. * Almond biscuit – Golden, delicate cookie with a light almond taste * Bakpia – Round, flat, flaky or soft dough bun, with various fillings * Banana roll – Rolled flavored
glutinous rice Glutinous rice ('' Oryza sativa var. glutinosa''; also called sticky rice, sweet rice or waxy rice) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast and East Asia, and the northeastern regions of South Asia, which has opaque grains, very low amyl ...
, not cooked any further after preparation *
Baozi Baozi (), Pao-tsih or bao, is a type of yeast-leavened filled bun in various Chinese cuisines. There are many variations in fillings (meat or vegetarian) and preparations, though the buns are most often steamed. They are a variation of '' m ...
– Generic term for a steamed yeast bun, with various types of fillings * Beef bun – Usually filled with
ground beef Ground beef, minced beef or beef mince is beef that has been finely chopped with a knife, meat grinder (American English), mincer or mincing machine (British English). It is used in many recipes including hamburgers, bolognese sauce, meatloaf, ...
, sometimes flavored with
curry A curry is a dish with a sauce seasoned with spices, mainly associated with South Asian cuisine. In southern India, leaves from the curry tree may be included. There are many varieties of curry. The choice of spices for each dish in trad ...
; sometimes sprinkled with black sesame or
poppy seed Poppy seed is an oilseed obtained from the opium poppy ('' Papaver somniferum''). The tiny, kidney-shaped seeds have been harvested from dried seed pods by various civilizations for thousands of years. It is still widely used in many countri ...
s *
Cha siu bao ''Char siu bao'' () is a Cantonese barbecue-pork-filled ''baozi'' (bun).Hsiung, Deh-Ta. Simonds, Nina. Lowe, Jason. 005 ''The Food of China: A Journey for Food Lovers''. Bay Books. . p. 24. The buns are filled with barbecue-flavored ''cha siu ...
– Steamed or baked bun, filled with roast pork and optionally, sweet
onion An onion (''Allium cepa'' L., from Latin ''cepa'' meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus '' Allium''. The shallot is a botanical variety of the on ...
s;Hsiung, Deh-Ta. Simonds, Nina. Lowe, Jason. 005(2005). ''The Food of China: A Journey for Food Lovers''. Bay Books. . p. 24. sometimes indicated by a red dot * Chicken bun – Steamed or baked bun, usually filled with shredded chicken and black mushroom slivers; sometimes sprinkled with a few white sesame seeds *
Cocktail bun The cocktail bun () is a Hong Kong-style sweet bun with a filling of shredded coconut. It is one of several iconic types of baked goods originating from Hong Kong. History The cocktail bun is said to have been created in the 1950s in Hong K ...
– Usually filled with a sweet shredded coconut paste *
Curry beef turnover A curry beef turnover or curry puff is a type of Chinese pastry. The pastry is shaped in a half-moon crescent. It has curry beef filling in the center and is also crunchy on the outside. The outer shell is crispy and flaky. It is one of the s ...
– Flaky pastry crust with a curried ground beef filling * Dowry cake – Large sponge cake, often filled with lotus seed paste *
Fa gao Fa gao (), also called Fat pan (發粄; fa ban) by the Hakka, prosperity cake, Fortune cake, Cantonese sponge cake, is a Chinese steamed, cupcake-like pastry. Because it is often characterized by a split top when cooked, it is often referred as ...
– Yeast rice flour cupcake or sheetcake, fermented overnight to develop flavor before steaming *
Ham and egg bun Ham and egg bun is a type of Hong Kong pastry. It is a bun or bread that contains a sheet of egg and ham. It is commonly found in Hong Kong as well as some Chinatown bakery shops overseas. It is also a common meal in Brazil, simply called a san ...
– Bun filled with a sheet of
scrambled egg Scrambled eggs is a dish made from eggs (usually chicken eggs) stirred, whipped or beaten together while being gently heated, typically with salt, butter, oil and sometimes other ingredients. Preparation Only eggs are necessary to make scramble ...
and a slice of ham *
Jin deui ''Jiandui'' (, common misspelling ) is a type of fried Chinese pastry made from glutinous rice flour. The pastry is coated with sesame seeds on the outside and is crisp and chewy. Inside the pastry is a large hollow, caused by the expansion of th ...
or ''zi ma qiu'' – Deep-fried hollow ball of glutinous rice, coated with sesame seeds, and optionally with a sweet red bean or a savory meat filling *
Lotus seed bun A lotus seed bun is a Chinese sweet bun found in China. They are prepared by steaming a yeast-leavened dough that contains lotus seed paste. It can be classified as a dim sum, though not exclusively so. Preparation Because the bun has a variet ...
– Steamed bun filled with lotus seed paste * Mahua or fried dough twist – Very different from ''youtiao'', with a more solid texture *
Mantou ''Mantou'' (), often referred to as Chinese steamed bun, is a white and soft type of steamed bread or bun popular in northern China. Folk etymology connects the name ''mantou'' to a tale about Zhuge Liang. Description ''Mantou'' are t ...
– Plain, slightly sweet, steamed wheat flour yeast buns (unfilled); the traditional basis for Chinese steamed buns (baozi) with fillings *
Mooncake A mooncake () is a Chinese bakery product traditionally eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋節). The festival is about lunar appreciation and Moon watching, and mooncakes are regarded as a delicacy. Mooncakes are offered between ...
– Traditional variations are heavy lotus seed paste filled pastry, sometimes with 1–2 egg yolks in its centre. Modern variations have altered both the pastry crust and filling for more variety. These are specially featured at the
Mid-Autumn Festival The Mid-Autumn Festival ( Chinese: / ), also known as the Moon Festival or Mooncake Festival, is a traditional festival celebrated in Chinese culture. Similar holidays are celebrated in Japan (), Korea (), Vietnam (), and other countries in E ...
, but may be available year-round. * Nuomici – Sweet glutinous rice dumpling with different fillings such as sweet
red bean paste Red bean paste () or red bean jam, also called adzuki bean paste or ''anko'' (a Japanese word), is a paste made of red beans (also called "adzuki beans"), used in East Asian cuisine. The paste is prepared by boiling the beans, then mashing or ...
, black sesame paste, mango, and peanuts * Osmanthus cake – Flower-scented sweet cake *
Paper wrapped cake Paper wrapped cake () is a type of Chinese cake. It is one of the most common pastries served in Hong Kong. It can also be found in most Chinatown bakery shops. In essence, it is a chiffon cake baked in a paper cup. In the bakeries of Chinatown ...
– Spongy and light, these are plain chiffon cakes wrapped in paper; sometimes simply called "sponge cake" *
Peanut butter bun A peanut butter bun is a sweet bun found in Chinatown bakery shops. The bun has layers of peanut butter fillings, sometimes with light sprinkles of sugar mixed with the peanut butter for extra flavor. Unlike other similar buns, the shape varies, ...
– Sweet bun filled with peanut butter *
Pineapple bun A pineapple bun () is a kind of sweet bun predominantly popular in Hong Kong and also common in Chinatowns worldwide. Despite the name, it does not traditionally contain pineapple; rather, the name refers to the look of the characteristic top ...
– Does ''not'' contain pineapples, but derived its name from the "pineapple-like" criss-crossed scored appearance of the top surface, which is a tender crispy, sweet, golden crust. The pineapple bun may be filled with
custard Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency fr ...
or
red bean paste Red bean paste () or red bean jam, also called adzuki bean paste or ''anko'' (a Japanese word), is a paste made of red beans (also called "adzuki beans"), used in East Asian cuisine. The paste is prepared by boiling the beans, then mashing or ...
. * Pineapple cake – Round or rectangular block shaped
shortcrust pastry Shortcrust pastry is a type of pastry often used for the base of a tart, quiche, pie, or (in the British English sense) flan. Shortcrust pastry can be used to make both sweet and savory pies such as apple pie, quiche, lemon meringue or chicken ...
filled with pineapple jam. () *
Rousong ''Rousong'' or ''yuk sung or bak hu'' ( ; ), also known as meat floss, is a dried meat product with a light and fluffy texture similar to coarse cotton, originating from China. ''Rousong'' is used as a topping for many foods, such as congee, to ...
bun or "pork fu" bun – Dried fried fluffy meat fibers in a bun, sometimes with whipped cream added *
Sausage bun Pigs in a blanket is a small hot dog or other sausage wrapped in pastry commonly served as an appetizer in the United States. The similarity in name with that of the UK dish pigs in blankets, which is a sausage wrapped in bacon, sometimes caus ...
, also called "hot dog bun" – Steamed or baked bun, always includes a piece of sausage or hot dog *
Sachima Sachima is a sweet snack in Chinese cuisine made of fluffy strands of fried batter bound together with a stiff sugar syrup, and of an appearance somewhat similar to American Rice Krispies Treats. It originated in Manchuria and is now popular thr ...
– Sweet Manchu pastry made from flour, butter, and rock sugar; consists of crispy, fluffy fried strands of batter * Shaomai – Steamed meat dumpling, often served as dim sum * Sou – Triangular, puffy flaky pastry with various fillings * Taro bun – Baked or steamed bun filled with sweet taro paste; sometimes indicated by a few sliced almonds on top *
White sugar sponge cake White sugar sponge cake (also called white sugar cake and white sugar pastry) is a type of Chinese pastry. It is made from rice flour, white sugar, water, and a leavening agent. While it is called a "cake", it is not served as a circular roun ...
– Steamed cake made with sweetened rice flour * Wife cake – Round flaky pastry with a translucent white
winter melon ''Benincasa hispida'', the wax gourd, also called ash gourd, white gourd, winter gourd, winter melon, tallow gourd, ash pumpkin, Chinese preserving melon is a vine grown for its very large fruit, eaten as a vegetable when mature. It is the o ...
paste centre *
Yong Peng bread Yong may refer to: *Yong (), Chinese character for "permanence", unique in that the character contains eight strokes common to Chinese characters; see Eight Principles of Yong *Yong (), Chinese character for "use" or "function"; in Neo-Confucianis ...
– Traditional bread, in round shape, baked with yeasts, and comes in 2 varieties *
Youtiao ''Youtiao'' (), known in Southern China as Yu Char Kway is a long golden-brown deep-fried strip of dough of Chinese origin and (by a variety of other names) also popular in other East and Southeast Asian cuisines. Conventionally, ''youtiao ...
or "Chinese cruller" – Deep-fried dough strips *
Zongzi ''Zongzi'' (; ), ''rouzong'' () or simply ''zong'' (Cantonese Jyutping: ''zung2'') is a traditional Chinese rice dish made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo leaves (generally of the species ''Indocalamus t ...
– Sticky rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo or lotus leaves, often filled with savory meat, red bean paste, peanuts, or other fillings


Western-influenced pastry

Some Western-influenced baked goods are essentially identical to their Western counterparts, whereas others differ subtly (for example, by being less sweet). The items listed here are often found in Chinese bakeries, in at least some parts of the world. * Almond cake – Light cupcake, coated with whipped cream, and then rolled in thinly sliced or shredded almond chips *
Cream bun Variations of cream buns or cream rolls exist all around the world. Typically they are made with an enriched dough bread roll that is split after baking and cooling and filled with cream. Among the numerous international variations are the splits ...
– Usually elliptical-shaped yeast bun, filled with whipped cream or butter, sprinkled with shredded dried coconut *
Cream horn A cream horn is a pastry made with flaky or puff pastry, and whipped cream. (An alternative version, the meringue horn, is made with meringue.) The horn shape is made by winding overlapping pastry strips around a conical mould. After baking, a ...
– Long tapered cone of puff pastry, filled with whipped cream, and sometimes fruit or jam * Eclair – Very similar to the French original * Egg tart – Delicate pastry tart with a lightly sweet golden egg custard filling;Chowtime.
Chowtime
" ''Egg tart.'' Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
probably influenced by the Portuguese tart ''pastels de nata'' *
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
– Layers of puff pastry and creamy filling or jam *
Swiss roll A Swiss roll, jelly roll (United States), roll cake, cream roll, roulade or Swiss log is a type of rolled sponge cake filled with whipped cream, jam, or icing. The origins of the term are unclear; in spite of the name "Swiss roll", the cake i ...
– Rolls made just like a Portuguese roll ''torta''; the creamy layer may be sweetened cream, chocolate, pear, or lemon paste


Drinks

*
Bubble tea Bubble tea (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, tapioca milk tea, boba tea, or boba; , ) is a tea-based drink that originated in Taiwan in the early 1980s. Taiwanese immigrants brought it to the United States in the 1990s, initially ...
(''boba'') – Large
tapioca Tapioca (; ) is a starch extracted from the storage roots of the cassava plant (''Manihot esculenta,'' also known as manioc), a species native to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, but whose use is now spread throughout South America ...
pearls served in tea with milk *
Suanmeitang Suanmeitang or sour prune drink is a traditional Chinese beverage made from smoked plums, rock sugar, and other ingredients such as sweet osmanthus. Due to the sour plums used in its production, ''suanmeitang'' is slightly salty in addition to ...
– Plum-based beverage * Milk tea – Black tea sweetened with sweet evaporated milk * Tea – Aromatic drink made from water boiled and poured over tea leaves * Yuanyang – Blend of tea and coffee, popular in Hong Kong *
Soy milk Soy milk (simplified Chinese: 豆浆; traditional Chinese: 豆漿) also known as soya milk or soymilk, is a plant-based drink produced by soaking and grinding soybeans, boiling the mixture, and filtering out remaining particulates. It is a sta ...
– Plant-based drink, a product of soybeans


See also

* Huangqiao Sesame Cake * List of baked goods *
List of buns This is a list of buns. A bun is a small, sometimes sweet, bread, or bread roll. Though they come in many shapes and sizes, they are most commonly hand-sized or smaller, with a round top and flat bottom. Buns A * Anpan - A bun that is filled, us ...
*
List of pastries This is a list of pastries, which are small buns made using a stiff dough enriched with fat. Some dishes, such as pies, are made of a pastry casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savory ingredients. There are fiv ...


References


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Chinese Bakery Products, List Of *
Bakery A bakery is an establishment that produces and sells flour-based food baked in an oven such as bread, cookies, cakes, donuts, pastries, and pies. Some retail bakeries are also categorized as cafés, serving coffee and tea to customers who w ...