The Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee (;

IOC code The International Olympic Committee (IOC) uses three-letter abbreviation country codes to refer to each group of athletes that participate in the Olympic Games. Each geocode usually identifies a National Olympic Committee (NOC), but there are s ...

: TPE) is the

National Olympic Committee A National Olympic Committee (NOC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Olympic Committee, NOCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games ...

representing the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeas ...

(Taiwan).

History

The China National Amateur Athletic Federation () was established on 3 April 1922. Later that year, the International Olympic Committee recognized the federation as the Chinese Olympic Committee (). In 1924, Wang Cheng-ting, the president of the committee, was elected a member of the International Olympic Committee during the 22nd IOC Sessions, which were held in Paris, France. The China National Amateur Athletic Federation was reorganized on 24 August 1924 in

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four Direct-administered municipalities of China, direct-administered municipalities of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the ...

; the name of the federation remained the same in English but not in Chinese. The federation attended the opening ceremony of the

1924 Summer Olympics The 1924 Summer Olympics (french: Jeux olympiques d'été de 1924), officially the Games of the VIII Olympiad (french: Jeux de la VIIIe olympiade) and also known as Paris 1924, were an international multi-sport event held in Paris, France. The o ...

in Paris, but did not attend the events; no athletes were sent to attend the

1928 Summer Olympics The 1928 Summer Olympics ( nl, Olympische Zomerspelen 1928), officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad ( nl, Spelen van de IXe Olympiade) and commonly known as Amsterdam 1928, was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated fro ...

in Amsterdam. During the

1932 Summer Olympics The 1932 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the X Olympiad and also known as Los Angeles 1932) were an international multi-sport event held from July 30 to August 14, 1932 in Los Angeles, California, United States. The Games were held duri ...

, held in Los Angeles, the federation used the name "China" and only one athlete, Liu Changchun, competed in sprinting. In the aftermath of the

Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on main ...

, nineteen of the twenty-six members of the federation left the mainland for

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...

. The headquarters of the federation moved from

Nanjing Nanjing (; , Mandarin pronunciation: ), Postal Map Romanization, alternately romanized as Nanking, is the capital of Jiangsu Provinces of China, province of the China, People's Republic of China. It is a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and t ...

Taipei City Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the ...

and, with the approval of the IOC, the federation was renamed the Chinese Olympic Committee, National Amateur Athletic Federation.''The Times'', "The Latest Threat to the Olympics - And its all over a name", 10 July 1976 The first Olympic medalist in the country's history was

Taiwanese Taiwanese may refer to: * Taiwanese language, another name for Taiwanese Hokkien * Something from or related to Taiwan (Formosa) * Taiwanese aborigines, the indigenous people of Taiwan * Han Taiwanese, the Han people of Taiwan * Taiwanese people, r ...

athlete

Yang Chuan-kwang Yang Chuan-kwang, or C.K. Yang ( Amis: Maysang Kalimud, ) (July 10, 1933 – January 27, 2007), was an Olympic decathlete from Taiwan. Yang attended college at UCLA where he trained and competed with team mate and Olympian Rafer Johnson and wa ...

during the

1960 Summer Olympics The 1960 Summer Olympics ( it, Giochi Olimpici estivi del 1960), officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( it, Giochi della XVII Olimpiade) and commonly known as Rome 1960 ( it, Roma 1960), were an international multi-sport event held ...

The Organizing Committee for the

1952 Summer Olympics The 1952 Summer Olympics ( fi, Kesäolympialaiset 1952; sv, Olympiska sommarspelen 1952), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad ( fi, XV olympiadin kisat; sv, Den XV olympiadens spel) and commonly known as Helsinki 1952 ( sv, Helsin ...

scheduled for

Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the Capital city, capital, primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Finland, most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of U ...

invited both the People's Republic of China and Republic of China attend the Games, as the IOC recognized both Olympic Committees, but the Chinese Olympic Committee withdrew from the games because its delegation was listed as "China (Formosa)".Werner Soderstrom Osakeyhtio, , Sulo Kolkka (ed.), Alex Matson (trans.), ''The Organising Committee for the XV Olympiad Helsinki 1952'', 1952 The federation was informed by the International Committee that, as it did not control sport in

Mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the China, People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming Island, Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territorie ...

, it could not continue to be recognized as "Chinese National Olympic Committee," and only applications under a different name would be considered. Moreover, the announcement stated: "IOC should not be involved in any political issue or views." The Executive Committee of the International Olympic Committee stated the National Olympic Committee should be considered its own local jurisdiction, but have jurisdiction over its governance. Therefore, the federation reorganized itself as the Republic of China Olympic Committee (ROCOC, ) on 1 January 1960, and this name was approved in the 1960s. The ROC NOC agreed the delegation should be known as "Taiwan", but would be allowed to use the initials "ROC" their uniforms. Shortly after Taiwan's expulsion from the UN in 1971, the People's Republic of China implemented the "One China" policy, making it difficult for the island to be recognized in many fields, not just sports.For example, in 1971 the

Canadian government The government of Canada (french: gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada. A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the ''Crown-in ...

announced it was not permitting members of ROCOC to attend the

1976 Summer Olympics Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 ...

as it recognized People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government according to the One China Policy. The federation held an annual Chinese Taipei Olympic Academy (CTOA, ) as the National Olympic Academy Session (NOA, ) each year in different counties of Taiwan since 1978, and the academy became the fourth National Olympic Committee, and was the first NOC in Asia to hold an Olympic Academy. The

United States Olympic Committee The United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (USOPC) is the National Olympic Committee and the National Paralympic Committee for the United States. It was founded in 1895 as the United States Olympic Committee, and is headquartered in Col ...

tried to solve the problem of the membership between ROCOC and

Chinese Olympic Committee The Chinese Olympic Committee (; IOC code: CHN) has been the officially designated body of the People's Republic of China (PRC) regarding the Olympic Games and other affiliated international sport federations since 1979, when the Nagoya Resol ...

during the 81st IOC Session in Montevideo, Uruguay, as relations between Republic of China and the United States of America broke off in 1979. The ROCOC was forced to change the name of the committee and would no longer be allowed to use the

national anthem A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and Europea ...

and

national flag A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but usually can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colours a ...

of the Republic of China according to the results of a postal ballot (62:17) by the

Executive Committee of the International Olympic Committee Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to: Role or title * Executive, a senior management role in an organization ** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators ** Executive dire ...

in Nagoya, Japan.Chinese Olympics Committee website
Later on, the Swiss Court agreed the judicial review of the ROCOC and the Taiwanese IOC member Henry Hsu by the IOC violated the

Olympic Charter The Olympic Charter is a set of rules and guidelines for the organisation of the Olympic Games, and for governing the Olympic movement. Its last revision was on the 17th of July 2020 during the 136th IOC Session, held by video conference. Ado ...

. As a result, the IOC modified the Olympic Charter in 1980 which stated that Olympic delegations are recognized National Olympic Committees by the IOC and IOC members cannot sue the IOC following the judgement by the Swiss Court. Hong Kong East Asian Games 1627

ROCOC was renamed as the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee () according to an approved agreement between the International Olympic Committee, in Lausanne, and the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee, in Taipei () signed by Shen Jia-ming (delegate of the committee) who presented it to the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 23 March 1981, with the assistance of

Juan Antonio Samaranch Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, 1st Marquess of Samaranch (Catalan: ''Joan Antoni Samaranch i Torelló'', ; 17 July 1920 – 21 April 2010) was a Spanish sports administrator under the Franco regime (1973–1977) who served as the seventh P ...

, the IOC president. The approved agreement allowed the delegation of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee to use Chinese Taipei () for presenting themselves, and the emblem of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee and the Olympic flag of the Chinese Taipei as the delegation's symbol. Moreover, the Chinese Taipei team would continue using the letter T to determine alphabetical order in the IOC Directory. The committee competed for the first time under the new moniker at the Sarajevo Games. It was only in 1989, that both the Olympic Committee of the People's Republic of China (CNOC) and the Olympic Committee of Chinese Taipei began to collaborate and exchange internationally.For this to happen a second agreement was signed on April 6 of that year. And within the stipulated conditions was the fact that the name "China Taipei" could not more used and any delegation or international organization from ROC had to use "Chinese Taipei" () rather than "China Taipei" () to participate.This agreement also allowed the entry of Chinese Taipei in virtually all world sports federations and guaranteed its participation in the

1990 Asian Games ) , Nations participating = 36 , Athletes participating = 6,122 , Events = 308 in 27 sports , Opening ceremony = 22 September 1990 , Closing ceremony = 7 October 1990 , Officially opened by = Yang Shangkun , O ...

that were scheduled for Beijing. Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games

Symbols

The emblem of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee includes symbols of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee and the Chinese Taipei team. The periphery shape is plum blossom that symbolizes the National Flower of the Republic of China. It includes the

Olympic rings The International Olympic Committee (IOC) uses icons, flags and symbols to elevate the Olympic Games. These symbols include those commonly used during Olympic competition—such as the flame, fanfare and theme—as well as those used throughout ...

and the

Blue Sky with a White Sun The Blue Sky with a White Sun () serves as the design for the party flag and emblem of the Kuomintang, the canton of the flag of the Republic of China, the national emblem of the Republic of China, and as the naval jack of the ROC Navy. In th ...

(note that the Blue Sky with a White Sun is different from both the

National Emblem of the Republic of China The Blue Sky with a White Sun () serves as the design for the party flag and emblem of the Kuomintang, the canton of the flag of the Republic of China, the national emblem of the Republic of China, and as the naval jack of the ROC Navy. In th ...

and the party emblem of the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Ta ...

although it seems the same as the National Emblem of the Republic of China). For the Olympic flag of Chinese Taipei is the same as the emblem. Anthem of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee The

National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China The National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China (), also unofficially known as the "National Banner Song", is a patriotic song typically played during the raising and lowering of the flag of the Republic of China. Domestically, the flag a ...

is used as the anthem of Chinese Taipei as the Anthem of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee () but not the National Anthem of the Republic of China, after the Agreement signed in 1981 which was approved by the International Olympic Committee in June 1981. In addition, some parts of the lyrics were modified with the theory of

Olympism Olympism refers to the philosophy of the Olympic games. The fundamental principles of Olympism are outlined in the Olympic Charter. From a pro-Olympism viewpoint, Olympism seeks to create a way of life by blending sport with culture, education an ...

when submitted for approval in 1981 but is not commonly used in Taiwan.

List of presidents

The following table lists all the presidents of the Olympic committee:

References

External links

Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee
{{Authority control 1922 establishments in Taiwan

Oly Sports organizations established in 1922 Taiwan at the Olympics

History

Symbols

List of presidents

See also

References

External links