The Chinese Library Classification (CLC; ), also known as Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL), is effectively the national

library classification A library classification is a system of organization of knowledge by which library resources are arranged and ordered systematically. Library classifications are a notational system that represents the order of topics in the classification and al ...

scheme in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

. It is used in almost all primary and secondary schools, universities, academic institutions, as well as public

libraries A library is a collection of Document, materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or electronic media, digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a ...

. It is also used by publishers to classify all books published in China. The Book Classification of Chinese Libraries (BCCL) was first published in 1975, under the auspices of China's Administrative Bureau of Cultural Affairs. Its fourth edition (1999) was renamed CLC. In September 2010, the fifth edition was published by National Library of China Publishing House. CLC has twenty-two top-level categories, and inherits a

Marxist Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialecti ...

orientation from its earlier editions. (For instance, category A is

Marxism Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...

Leninism Leninism is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establish ...

Maoism Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of Ch ...

Deng Xiaoping Theory Deng Xiaoping Theory ( zh, s=邓小平理论, p=Dèng Xiǎopíng Lǐlùn), also known as Dengism, is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. The theory does not reject Marxism–Leninism ...

.) It contains a total of 43600 categories, many of which are recent additions, meeting the needs of a rapidly changing nation.

The CLC system

The 22 top categories and selected sub-categories of CLC (5th Edition) are as follows:

A.
Marxism Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...
,
Leninism Leninism is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establish ...
,
Maoism Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of Ch ...
and
Deng Xiaoping theory Deng Xiaoping Theory ( zh, s=邓小平理论, p=Dèng Xiǎopíng Lǐlùn), also known as Dengism, is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. The theory does not reject Marxism–Leninism ...

* A1 The works of

Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...

and

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ,"Engels"
'' Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...

* A3 The works of

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...

* A4 The works of

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; also Romanization of Chinese, romanised traditionally as Mao Tse-tung. (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the List of national founde ...

** A49 The works of

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989. Aft ...

* A5 The symposium/collection of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping * A7 The biobibliography and

biography A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile or c ...

of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping * A8 Study and research of Marxism, Leninism, Maoism and Deng Xiaoping theory

B.
Philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. ...
and
religions Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...

* B-4 Education and dissemination of philosophy ** B-49 Learners' book and popular literature of philosophy * B0 theory of philosophy ** B0-0 Marxist philosophy ** B01 Basic problems of philosophy *** B014 Object, purpose and method of philosophy *** B015

Materialism Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds matter to be the fundamental substance in nature, and all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions. According to philosophical materialis ...

and

idealism In philosophy, the term idealism identifies and describes metaphysical perspectives which assert that reality is indistinguishable and inseparable from perception and understanding; that reality is a mental construct closely connected to ...

*** B016

Ontology In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophy, philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, Becoming (philosophy), becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into Category ...

**** B016.8

Cosmology Cosmology () is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. The term ''cosmology'' was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's ''Glossographia'', and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher ...

**** B016.9 Time-space-theory *** B017

Epistemology Epistemology (; ), or the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Epi ...

**** B017.8

Determinism Determinism is a philosophical view, where all events are determined completely by previously existing causes. Deterministic theories throughout the history of philosophy have developed from diverse and sometimes overlapping motives and cons ...

and

indeterminism Indeterminism is the idea that events (or certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or do not cause deterministically. It is the opposite of determinism and related to chance. It is highly relevant to the philosophical prob ...

**** B017.9 Self theory *** B018

Axiology Axiology (from Greek , ''axia'': "value, worth"; and , '' -logia'': "study of") is the philosophical study of value. It includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value. It is intimately ...

**** B019.1 Materialism ***** B019.11 Naive materialism ***** B019.12 Metaphysical materialism ***** B019.13

Dialectical materialism Dialectical materialism is a philosophy of science, history, and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxist dialectics, as a materialist philosophy, emphasizes the importance of real-world co ...

**** B019.2

Idealism In philosophy, the term idealism identifies and describes metaphysical perspectives which assert that reality is indistinguishable and inseparable from perception and understanding; that reality is a mental construct closely connected to ...

** B02

*** B024

Materialist dialectics Dialectical materialism is a philosophy of science, history, and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxist dialectics, as a materialist philosophy, emphasizes the importance of real-worl ...

*** B025 Categories of materialist dialectics *** B026

Methodology In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. A method is a structured procedure for br ...

*** B027 Application of dialectical materialism *** B028

Natural philosophy Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe. It was dominant before the development of modern science. From the ancien ...

*** B029

Dialectics of nature ''Dialectics of Nature'' (german: Dialektik der Natur) is an unfinished 1883 work by Friedrich Engels that applies Marxist ideas – particularly those of dialectical materialism – to nature. History and contents Engels wrote most ...

** B03

Historical materialism Historical materialism is the term used to describe Karl Marx's theory of history. Marx locates historical change in the rise of class societies and the way humans labor together to make their livelihoods. For Marx and his lifetime collaborat ...

*** B031 Social material requirements of life *** B032 Basic social conflict **** B032.1

Productive forces Productive forces, productive powers, or forces of production (German: ''Produktivkräfte'') is a central idea in Marxism and historical materialism. In Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' own critique of political economy, it refers to the combina ...

und

relations of production Relations of production (german: Produktionsverhältnisse, links=no) is a concept frequently used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their theory of historical materialism and in ''Das Kapital''. It is first explicitly used in Marx's publish ...

**** B032.2

Base and superstructure In Marxist theory, society consists of two parts: the base (or substructure) and superstructure. The base refers to the mode of production which includes the forces and relations of production (e.g. employer–employee work conditions, the te ...

*** B033 Class theory *** B034 Theory of revolution *** B035 Theory of country *** B036 Social being and social consciousness *** B037 Contradictions among the people *** B038 Role of the people in historical development ** B08 Philosophical schools and research *** B081

**** B081.1

Metaphysics Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...

**** B081.2 Epistemology of idealism, apriorism *** B082

Positivism Positivism is an empiricist philosophical theory that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning ''a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.John J. Macionis, Linda M. G ...

Machism Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach ( , ; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was a Moravian-born Austrian physicist and philosopher, who contributed to the physics of shock waves. The ratio of one's speed to that of sound is named the Mach n ...

*** B083 Voluntarism and

philosophy of life (; meaning ' philosophy of life') was a dominant philosophical movement of German-speaking countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had developed out of German Romanticism. emphasised the meaning, value and purpose of life a ...

*** B084

Neo-Kantianism In late modern continental philosophy, neo-Kantianism (german: Neukantianismus) was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The Neo-Kantians sought to develop and clarify Kant's theories, particularly his concept of the "thin ...

and

Neohegelianism Absolute idealism is an ontologically monistic philosophy chiefly associated with G. W. F. Hegel and Friedrich Schelling, both of whom were German idealist philosophers in the 19th century. The label has also been attached to others such as Jos ...

*** B085 Neorealism,

logical positivism Logical positivism, later called logical empiricism, and both of which together are also known as neopositivism, is a movement in Western philosophy whose central thesis was the verification principle (also known as the verifiability criterion o ...

(new positivism, logical empiricism) *** B086

Existentialism Existentialism ( ) is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the problem of human existence and centers on human thinking, feeling, and acting. Existentialist thinkers frequently explore issues related to the meaning, purpose, and val ...

(

survivalism Survivalism is a social movement of individuals or groups (called survivalists or preppers) who proactively prepare for emergencies, such as natural disasters, as well as other disasters causing disruption to social order (that is, civil disor ...

) *** B087

Pragmatism Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that considers words and thought as tools and instruments for prediction, problem solving, and action, and rejects the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality. ...

*** B088

Neo-Thomism Neo-scholasticism (also known as neo-scholastic Thomism Accessed 27 March 2013 or neo-Thomism because of the great influence of the writings of Thomas Aquinas on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval scholasticism in Catholic the ...

(new scholasticism) *** B089 Other philosophical schools **** B089.1

Western Marxism Western Marxism is a current of Marxist theory that arose from Western and Central Europe in the aftermath of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and the ascent of Leninism. The term denotes a loose collection of theorists who advanced an i ...

**** B089.2 Philosophical hermeneutics **** B089.3

Philosophical anthropology Philosophical anthropology, sometimes called anthropological philosophy, is a discipline dealing with questions of metaphysics and phenomenology of the human person. History Ancient Christian writers: Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo ...

* B1 Philosophy (worldwide) * B2 Philosophy in China ** B22 Pre-

Qin Dynasty The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...

philosophy (~before 220 BC) *** B222 The Confucian School **** B222.2

Confucius Confucius ( ; zh, s=, p=Kǒng Fūzǐ, "Master Kǒng"; or commonly zh, s=, p=Kǒngzǐ, labels=no; – ) was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. C ...

(Kǒng Qiū, 551-479 BC) * B3 Philosophy in Asia * B4 Philosophy in Africa * B5 Philosophy in Europe * B6 Philosophy in Australasia * B7 Philosophy in America * B8 Cognitive science * B9 Religions ** B91

Sociology of religion Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology. This objective investigation may include the use both of quantitative methods (surveys, ...

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...

and

science Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence ...

** B92

Philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. ...

and history of religion ** B93

Mythology Myth is a folklore genre consisting of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society, such as foundational tales or origin myths. Since "myth" is widely used to imply that a story is not objectively true, the identification of a narra ...

and primitive religion ** B94

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

** B95

Taoism Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the '' Ta ...

** B96

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...

** B97

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global popula ...

*** B971

Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus ...

**** B971.1

Old Testament The Old Testament (often abbreviated OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings by the Israelites. The ...

**** B971.2

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chris ...

*** B972

Doctrine Doctrine (from la, doctrina, meaning "teaching, instruction") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief syste ...

theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing th ...

*** B975

Evangelism In Christianity, evangelism (or witnessing) is the act of preaching the gospel with the intention of sharing the message and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians who specialize in evangelism are often known as evangelists, whether they are ...

sermon A sermon is a religious discourse or oration by a preacher, usually a member of clergy. Sermons address a scriptural, theological, or moral topic, usually expounding on a type of belief, law, or behavior within both past and present contexts. ...

s *** B976

Christian denomination A Christian denomination is a distinct Religion, religious body within Christianity that comprises all Church (congregation), church congregations of the same kind, identifiable by traits such as a name, particular history, organization, leadersh ...

s **** B976.1

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

**** B976.2 Orthodox Christianity (

Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonic ...

Oriental Orthodoxy The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 60 million members worldwide. The Oriental Orthodox Churches are part of the Nicene Christian tradition, and represent ...

) **** B976.3

Protestantism Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

(

Protestant Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and i ...

) *** B977

Ecclesiastical polity Ecclesiastical polity is the operational and governance structure of a church or of a Christian denomination. It also denotes the ministerial structure of a church and the authority relationships between churches. Polity relates closely to e ...

*** B978 Research on Christianity *** B979

History of Christianity The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christian countries, and the Christians with their various denominations, from the 1st century to the present. Christianity originated with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish te ...

**** B979.9 Biography ** B98 Other religions ** B99

Augury Augury is the practice from ancient Roman religion of interpreting omens from the observed behavior of birds. When the individual, known as the augur, interpreted these signs, it is referred to as "taking the auspices". "Auspices" (Latin ''aus ...

superstition A superstition is any belief or practice considered by non-practitioners to be irrational or supernatural, attributed to fate or magic, perceived supernatural influence, or fear of that which is unknown. It is commonly applied to beliefs ...

C.
Social sciences Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of so ...

* C0 Social scientific theory and methodology * C1 Present and future of social sciences * C2 Organisations, groups, conferences * C3 Method of research in social sciences * C4 Education and popularization of social sciences * C5 Serials,

anthologies In book publishing, an anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler; it may be a collection of plays, poems, short stories, songs or excerpts by different authors. In genre fiction, the term ''anthology'' typically categ ...

, periodicals in social sciences * C6 Reference materials in social sciences * C7 (no longer used) * C8 Statistics in social sciences * C9

Sociology Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of empirical investigation an ...

D.
Politics Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies ...
and
law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

* D0

Political theory Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them. Its topics include politics, ...

* D1 International campaign of

Communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, ...

* D2

Communist Party of China The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Ci ...

* D3

Communist parties A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of '' The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...

of other countries * D4 Labor, peasant, youth, female organizations and movements * D5 Politics (worldwide) * D6 Politics in China * D7 Politics in individual countries * D8

Diplomacy Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of states (such as leaders and diplomats) intended to influence events in the international system.Ronald Peter Barston, ''Modern diplomacy'', Pearson Education, 2006, p. ...

international relations International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such ...

* D9

Law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

* DF Law (Applications of laws)

E.
Military science Military science is the study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force. It is mainly focused on theory, method, and practice of producing mi ...

* E0 Military theory * E1 Military (worldwide) * E2

Military in China The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the China, People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five Military branch, service branches: the People's ...

* E3 Military in Asia * E4 Military in Africa * E5 Military in Europe * E6 Military in Australasia * E7 Military in America * E8 Strategies, tactics, and battles * E9

Military technology Military technology is the application of technology for use in warfare. It comprises the kinds of technology that are distinctly military in nature and not civilian in application, usually because they lack useful or legal civilian application ...

F.
Economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics anal ...

* F0

Economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics anal ...

* F1

economic history Economic history is the academic learning of economies or economic events of the past. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the application of economic theory to historical situations and i ...

and

economic geography Economic geography is the subfield of human geography which studies economic activity and factors affecting them. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. There are four branches of economic geography. There is, primary sect ...

of individual countries * F2 Economic planning and management * F3

Agricultural economics Agricultural economics is an applied field of economics concerned with the application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution of food and Natural fiber, fiber products. Agricultural economics began as a branch of econom ...

* F4 Industrial economics * F5 Economics of

transport Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land ( rail and road), water, cable, pipelin ...

* F6 Economics of postal and cable services * F7 Economics of

commerce Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions directly and indirectly related to the exchange (buying and selling) of goods and services among two or more parties within local, regional, natio ...

* F8

Finance Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of production, distribution, and consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of f ...

and

banking A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because ...

G.
Culture Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups ...
,
science Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence ...
,
education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...
and
sports Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical activity or game that aims to use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Sports can, ...

* G0 Philosophy of culture * G1 Culture * G2 Knowledge transmission * G3

Science Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence ...

scientific research The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article history of scientific m ...

* G4

Education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...

* G5 Education in individual countries * G6 Education (primary, secondary, tertiary) * G7 Education (specialized) * G8 Sports

H.
Languages Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...
and
linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Ling ...

* H0 Linguistics ** H01

Phonetics Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians. ...

*** H019 Method of recitation, oratory of speech ** H02 Grammatology ** H03

Semantics Semantics (from grc, σημαντικός ''sēmantikós'', "significant") is the study of reference, meaning, or truth. The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics and comput ...

lexicology Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that analyzes the lexicon of a specific language. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language that can stand on its own, and is made up of small components called morphemes and even smaller eleme ...

and meaning of words *** H033

Idiom An idiom is a phrase or expression that typically presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached to the phrase; but some phrases become figurative idioms while retaining the literal meaning of the phrase. Categorized as formulaic language ...

*** H034

Adage An adage (; Latin: adagium) is a memorable and usually philosophical aphorism that communicates an important truth derived from experience, custom, or both, and that many people consider true and credible because of its longeval tradition, i ...

** H04

Syntax In linguistics, syntax () is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure ( constituenc ...

** H05 Study of writing,

rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate par ...

*** H059 Study of translation ** H06

Lexicography Lexicography is the study of lexicons, and is divided into two separate academic disciplines. It is the art of compiling dictionaries. * Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries. * Theoreti ...

*** H061

Dictionaries A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, ...

* H1

Chinese language Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the ...

** H10 *** H102 Regulation, standardisation of Chinese language, promotion of

Putonghua Standard Chinese ()—in linguistics Standard Northern Mandarin or Standard Beijing Mandarin, in common speech simply Mandarin, better qualified as Standard Mandarin, Modern Standard Mandarin or Standard Mandarin Chinese—is a modern standar ...

*** H109 **** H109.2 Ancient Chinese language **** H109.4 Modern Chinese language ** H11

Phone A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into ele ...

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historical Chinese phonology Historical Chinese phonology deals with reconstructing the sounds of Chinese from the past. As Chinese is written with logographic characters, not alphabetic or syllabary, the methods employed in Historical Chinese phonology differ considerably ...

) ** H12 Grammatology * H2 Languages of China's ethnic minorities * H3 Commonly used foreign languages ** H31

English language English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the ...

** H32 French language ** H33 German language ** H34 Spanish language ** H35 Russian language ** H36 Japanese language ** H37 Arabic language * H4 Family of Sino-Tibetan languages (

, Tibet and Burma) * H5 Family of Altaic languages (Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolian language, Mongolian and Tungusic languages, Tungusic) * H6 Language family, Language families in other areas of the world ** H61 Austroasiatic languages and Tai languages (Southeast Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia)) ** H62 Dravidian languages (South India) ** H63 Austronesian languages (Malayo-Polynesian) ** H64 Paleosiberian languages (Siberia) ** H65 Ibero-Caucasian languages (Caucasus Mountains) ** H66 Uralic languages ** H67 Afroasiatic languages (Southwest Asia, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa) * H7 Indo-European languages * H8 Language family, Language families on other continents ** H81 African languages ** H83 Indigenous languages of the Americas, American languages ** H84 Papuan languages * H9 International auxiliary languages (Interlingua, Ido (language), Ido, Esperanto, etc.)

I. Literature

* I0 Literary theory * I1 Literature (worldwide) * I2 Literature in China * I3 Literature in Asia * I4 Literature in Africa * I5 Literature in Europe * I6 Literature in Australasia * I7 Literature in America

J. Art

* J0 Theory of fine art * J1 Fine art of the world * J2 Painting * J3 Sculpture * J4 Photography * J5 Applied arts * J6 Music * J7 Dance * J8 Drama * J9 Cinematography, television

K. History and geography

* K0 Historical theory * K1 Human history * K2 History of China * K3 History of Asia * K4 History of Africa * K5 History of Europe * K6 History of Australasia * K7 History of the Americas, History of America * K8 Biography, archaeology * K9 Geography

N. Natural science

* N0 Theory and methodology * N1 Present state * N2 Organisations, groups, conferences * N3 Research methodology * N4 Education and popularization * N5 Serials, anthologies, periodicals * N6 Reference materials * N8 Field surveys * N9 Minor sciences

O. Mathematics, physics and chemistry

* O1 Mathematics * O2 Applied mathematics * O3 Mechanics * O4 Physics * O6 Chemistry * O7 Crystallography

P. Astronomy and geoscience

* P1 Astronomy * P2 Geodesy * P3 Geophysics * P4 Meteorology * P5 Geology * P6 Mineralogy * P7 Oceanography * P9 Physiography

Q. Life sciences

* Q1 Biology, General biology * Q2 Cell biology, Cytology * Q3 Genetics * Q4 Physiology * Q5 Biochemistry * Q6 Biophysics * Q7 Molecular biology * Q8 Bioengineering * Q9 Zoology and botany

R. Medicine and health sciences

* R1 Preventive medicine, public health * R2 Traditional Chinese medicine * R3 Human anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, parasitology * R4 Clinical medicine * R5 Internal medicine * R6 Surgery * R7 :Medical specialties, Medical specialties ** R71 Obstetrics, gynecology ** R72 Pediatrics ** R73 Oncology ** R74 Neurology, psychiatry ** R75 Dermatology, venereology ** R76 Otolaryngology ** R77 Ophthalmology ** R78 Dentistry ** R79 Non-Chinese traditional medicine * R8 Radiology, sport medicine, diving medicine, aerospace medicine * R9 Pharmacology, pharmacy

S. Agricultural science

* S1 Fundamental agricultural science * S2 Agricultural engineering * S3 Agronomy * S4 Phytopathology * S5 Crop, Individual crops * S6 Horticulture * S7 Forestry * S8 Animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, hunting, sericulture, apiculture * S9 Aquaculture, fishery

T. Industrial technology

* TB General industrial technology * TD Mining engineering * TE Petroleum, natural gas * TF Extractive metallurgy, smelting * TG Metallurgy, metalworking * TH Machinery, instrumentation * TJ Military technology and equipment, Military technology * TK Power plant * TL Nuclear technology * TM Electrical engineering * TN Electronic engineering, Telecommunication, telecommunication engineering * TP Automation, computer engineering * TQ Chemical engineering * TS Light industry, handicraft * TU Construction engineering * TV Water resources, Hydraulics, hydraulic engineering

U. Transportation

* U1 General

* U2 Railway transport * U4 Highway transport * U6 Ship transport, Marine transport

V. Aviation and Aerospace

* V1 Research and Exploration of Aviation and Aerospace Technology * V2 Aviation * V4 Aerospace (Spaceflight) * V7 Aerospace Medicine

X. Environmental science

* X1 Fundamental environmental science * X2 Environmental research * X3 Environmental protection and management * X4 Disaster protection * X5 Pollution, Pollution control * X7 Waste Management and recycling * X8 Environmental quality monitoring * X9 Occupational safety and health

Z. General works

* Z1 Collectanea/generalia (book series) ** Z12 Collectanea of China *** Z121 General collectanea **** Z121.2 Song Dynasty **** Z121.3 Yuan Dynasty **** Z121.4 Ming Dynasty **** Z121.5 Qing Dynasty **** Z121.6 Republic period **** Z121.7 Modern *** Z122 Collectanea of a particular locality *** Z123 Collectanea by members of a particular family *** Z124 Collectanea by individual writers *** Z125 Collectanea of lost books *** Z126 Collectanea of Chinese classics **** Z126.1 Collection of Confucian classics **** Z126.2 Collection of treatises ***** Z126.21 General collection ***** Z126.22 Remake of lost books ***** Z126.23 Collection of a particular theme ***** Z126.24 Timeline of Chinese history, Chronological tables, tablets, illustrated works ***** Z126.25 Works on phonetics, semantics and Verisimilitude, authenticity ***** Z126.27 Research, critics and proves ** Z13 Collectanea and book series of Asia ** Z14 Book series of Africa ** Z15 Book series of Europe ** Z16 Book series of Oceania ** Z17 Book series of America * Z2 Encyclopedias and Chinese encyclopedias (Leishu) ** Z22 Chinese encyclopedias *** Z221 Tang Dynasty *** Z222 Song Dynasty *** Z223 Yuan Dynasty *** Z224 Ming Dynasty *** Z225 Qing Dynasty *** Z226 Republic *** Z227 Modern *** Z228 General popular literature **** Z228.1 Children's books **** Z228.2 Popular youth books **** Z228.3 Elders' books **** Z228.4 Women's readers **** Z228.5 Men's readers ** Z23 Encyclopedias of Asia ** Z24 Encyclopedias of Africa ** Z25 Encyclopedias of Europe ** Z26 Encyclopedias of Oceania ** Z27 Encyclopedias of America ** Z28 Encyclopedias of a particular field * Z3

* Z4 Symposia, anthologies, selected works, essays * Z5 Almanac * Z6 Serial (literature), Serials, periodicals * Z8 Catalogues, abstracts, indexes

Other classifications

The other library classifications in China are: * Library Classification of the People’s University of China (LCPUC) * Library Classification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LCCAS) * Library Classification for Medium and Small Libraries (MSL) * Library Classification of Wuhan University (LCWU) The other library classifications for Chinese materials outside mainland China are:
Cambridge University Library Chinese Classification System
Classification Scheme for Chinese Books devised by Profs. Haloun and P. van der Loon for Cambridge University, UK. * University of Leeds Classification of Books in Chinese, UK
36 pages of Catalog in PDF
* Harvard-Yenching Classification System * New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries (commonly used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau)

References

External links

Official website

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070206215440/http://www.nlc.gov.cn/old/old/newpages/english/org/clce.htm Chinese Library Classification Editorial Board]
Abridged third (obsolete) edition of CLC

CLC Online

Research on Interoperability of Metadata in Classification Schemes-construction of automatic mapping system between CLC and DDC, Jianbo Dai, Hanqing Hou, Ling Cao, Dept. of Libr. & Inform. Sci., Nanjing Agri. Univ., Nanjing, China 210095

Construction of Knowledge Base for Automatic Indexing and Classification based on CLC, Hanqing Hou, Chunxiang Xue, Nanjing Agri. Univ., Nanjing, China 210095

An Intelligent Retrieval System for Chinese Agricultural Literature indexed by Chinese Classification System, Ping Qian, Xiaolu Su, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

East Asian Library Classification Systemsarchived

The Development of Authority Database in National Library of China (NLC), March 2002, Beixin Sun of NLC
NLC's classification subject thesaurus database based on CLC.
National Bibliographies: the Chinese Experience, 72nd IFLA Conference at Seoul in Korea, August 2006, Ben Gu of NLC
An overview of the current situation of the National Bibliography and classification systems in China.
A month at the Shanghai Library, November 2004, Helen Michael, University of Toronto
A librarian from Canada shared her experience of working in a library of China. {{Library classification systems 1975 introductions 1975 establishments in China Library cataloging and classification Knowledge representation Chinese culture