Charybdis (genus)
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''Charybdis'' is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of swimming crabs in the family
Portunidae Portunidae is a family of crabs which contains the swimming crabs. Description Portunid crabs are characterised by the flattening of the fifth pair of legs into broad paddles, which are used for swimming. This ability, together with their strong ...
; " Charybdis" is
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
for
whirlpool A whirlpool is a body of rotating water produced by opposing currents or a current running into an obstacle. Small whirlpools form when a bath or a sink is draining. More powerful ones formed in seas or oceans may be called maelstroms ( ). ''Vo ...
.


Species

The genus ''Charybdis'' contains the following species: ;Subgenus'' Charybdis'' (''Charybdis'') De Haan, 1833 *'' Charybdis acuta'' ( A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) *'' Charybdis acutidens'' Türkay, 1986 *'' Charybdis affinis'' Dana, 1852 *'' Charybdis amboinensis'' Leene, 1938 *'' Charybdis anisodon'' (De Haan, 1850) *''
Charybdis annulata Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' ( Fabricius, 1798) *'' Charybdis beauforti'' Leene & Buitendijk, 1949 *'' Charybdis brevispinosa'' Leene, 1937 *''
Charybdis callianassa Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' ( Herbst, 1789) *''
Charybdis cookei Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' Rathbun, 1923 *''
Charybdis crosnieri Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' Spiridonov & Türkay, 2001 *''
Charybdis curtilobus Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' Stephenson & Rees, 1967 *''
Charybdis demani Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' Leene, 1937 *'' Charybdis feriata'' (
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758)
*''
Charybdis gordonae Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' Shen, 1934 *''
Charybdis granulata Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' (De Haan, 1833) *''
Charybdis hawaiensis Charybdis (; grc, Χάρυβδις, Khárybdis, ; la, Charybdis, ) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. She, with the sea monster Scylla, appears as a challenge to epic characters such as Odysseus, Jason, and Aeneas. Scholarship locates her in t ...
'' Edmondson, 1954 *'' Charybdis hellerii'' (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) *'' Charybdis heterodon'' Nobili, 1905 *'' Charybdis holosericus'' (Fabricius, 1787) *'' Charybdis ihlei'' Leene & Buitendijk, 1949 *'' Charybdis incisa'' Rathbun, 1923 *''
Charybdis japonica ''Charybdis japonica'', the Asian paddle crab, is a species of swimming crab in the family Portunidae. ''Charybdis japonica'' has a hexagonal, concave carapace around wide, the whole animal being pale green to olive green in colour. It occurs ...
'' (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) *'' Charybdis jaubertensis'' Rathbun, 1924 *'' Charybdis javaensis'' Zarenkov, 1970 *'' Charybdis lucifera'' (Fabricius, 1798) *'' Charybdis meteor'' Spiridonov & Türkay, 2001 *'' Charybdis miles'' (De Haan, 1835) *'' Charybdis natator'' (Herbst, 1794) *'' Charybdis orientalis'' Dana, 1852 *'' Charybdis padadiana'' Ward, 1941 *'' Charybdis philippinensis'' Ward, 1941 *'' Charybdis rathbuni'' Leene, 1938 *'' Charybdis riversandersoni'' Alcock, 1899 *'' Charybdis rosea'' ( Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846) *'' Charybdis rostrata'' (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) *'' Charybdis rufodactylus'' Stephenson & Rees, 1968 *'' Charybdis sagamiensis'' Parisi, 1916 *'' Charybdis salehensis'' Leene, 1938 *'' Charybdis seychellensis'' Crosnier, 1984 *'' Charybdis spinifera'' (Edward J. Miers, Miers, 1884) *'' Charybdis vannamei'' Ward, 1941 *'' Charybdis variegata'' (Fabricius, 1798) *'' Charybdis yaldwyni'' Rees & Stephenson, 1967 ;Subgenus ''Charybdis'' (''Goniohellenus'') Alcock, 1899 *'' Charybdis curtidentata'' Stephenson, 1967 *'' Charybdis hongkongensis'' Shen, 1934 *'' Charybdis hoplites'' ( Wood-Mason, 1877) *'' Charybdis longicollis'' Leene, 1938 *'' Charybdis omanensis'' Leene, 1938 *'' Charybdis ornata'' (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) *'' Charybdis padangensis'' Leene & Buitendijk, 1952 *'' Charybdis philippinensis'' Ward, 1941 *'' Charybdis pusilla'' Alcock, 1899 *'' Charybdis smithii'' MacLeay, 1838 *'' Charybdis truncata'' (Fabricius, 1798) *'' Charybdis vadorum'' Alcock, 1899 ;Subgenus ''Charybdis'' (''Gonioneptunus'') Ortmann, 1894 *'' Charybdis africana'' Shen, 1935 *'' Charybdis bimaculata'' (Miers, 1886) *'' Charybdis orlik'' Zarenkov, 1970 ;Subgenus ''Charybdis'' (''Goniosupradens'') Leene, 1938 *'' Charybdis acutifrons'' (De Man, 1879) *'' Charybdis erythrodactyla'' (
Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1818)
*'' Charybdis obtusifrons'' Leene, 1937 ;''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
'' *'' Charybdis paucidentata'' (A. Milne-Edwards) *'' Charybdis sexdentata'' (Herbst, 1783)


''Charybdis affinis''

'' Charybdis affinis'' has a hexagonal, concave carapace with a yellowish-grey colour. This crab is found in the
Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...
and in the
West Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
.


''Charybdis feriata''

'' Charybdis feriata'' is found in the Indian and
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contin ...
s, from Japan, China and Australia to
Southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost subregion of the African continent, south of the Congo and Tanzania. The physical location is the large part of Africa to the south of the extensive Congo River basin. Southern Africa is home to a number o ...
and the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bod ...
. It is an edible crab and because of its large size, high quality of meat and relatively soft exoskeleton, it has a high commercial value. Attempts are being made to farm this crab using aquaculture. In
Hong Kong Cantonese Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of the Cantonese language of the Sino-Tibetan family. Although Hongkongers refer to the language as "''Cantonese''" (), publications in mainland China describe the variant as ''Hong Kong dialect'' (), due to ...
it is known as the flowery crab (花蟹). This name probably arises from its red and white colouring when cooked. This species of crab is also known as ''Charybdis feriatus'' and ''Charybdis cruciata'', and has also been found in the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...
. The specific epithet ''cruciata'' refers to the red cross on the carapace of this species. According to tradition the Spanish Jesuit missionary
Saint Francis Xavier Francis Xavier (born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta; Latin: ''Franciscus Xaverius''; Basque: ''Frantzisko Xabierkoa''; French: ''François Xavier''; Spanish: ''Francisco Javier''; Portuguese: ''Francisco Xavier''; 7 April 15063 December ...
saw this crab in Indonesia. "".


''Charybdis hellerii''

'' Charybdis hellerii'' is characterised by a hexagonal, concave carapace with a mottled brownish-grey colour. This crab originates from the Indo-West Pacific, from the
Red Sea The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; ...
to New Caledonia. However this crab has now also successively invaded the Western Atlantic (
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
to
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
) and the Mediterranean Sea.


''Charybdis japonica''

''
Charybdis japonica ''Charybdis japonica'', the Asian paddle crab, is a species of swimming crab in the family Portunidae. ''Charybdis japonica'' has a hexagonal, concave carapace around wide, the whole animal being pale green to olive green in colour. It occurs ...
'' has a hexagonal, concave carapace around wide, the whole animal being pale green to olive green in colour. It occurs naturally in the waters around Japan,
Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
and
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
, but has become an invasive species in
New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
.


''Charybdis longicollis''

'' Charybdis longicollis'' is an invasive species from the
Red Sea The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; ...
that invaded the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...
fifty years ago.


''Charybdis natator''

'' Charybdis natator'' is characterised by a brownish upper surface with some white spots among the wafts or bright red granules. On its under surface it is bluish, mottled with white and pale red. This crab is not a major target for commercial fishing.


''Charybdis miles''

Though ''Charybdis miles'' was originally designated as its own species, it now actually refers to a group of different species including ''C. acutidens, C. meteor, C. riversandersoni, C. crosnieri,'' and ''C. sagamiensis.'' Unlike most portunid crabs, most species belonging to this group inhabit the deep sea.


References


External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2961314 Portunoidea Taxa named by Wilhem de Haan