Charles Emmanuel Reinhardt (1868–1920) was a British

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

animal welfare Animal welfare is the well-being of non-human animals. Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. Animal welfare science uses measures such as longevity ...

activist and

anti-vivisectionist Vivisection () is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative catch-all term for experiment ...

Biography

Reinhardt was the first physician to advocate

open-air treatment Open-air treatment is the therapeutic use of fresh air and sunshine. In a hospital or sanitorium, this may be done by ensuring good ventilation in an airy, sunny room or by housing patients outdoors in tents or other open forms of accommodat ...

in England. He established the Hailey Open-Air Sanatorium at

Ipsden Ipsden is a village and civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in South Oxfordshire, about southeast of Wallingford. It is almost equidistant from Oxford and Reading, Berkshire. Parish church The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the ...

, Wallingford and acted as visiting physician.Walters, F. Rufenacht. (1905)
''Sanatoria for Consumptives: A Critical and Detailed Description Together With an Exposition of the Open-Air or Hygienic Treatment of Phthisis''
New York: E.P. Dutton. pp. 159-160 The sanatorium contained a number of sleeping

chalet A chalet (pronounced in British English; in American English usually ), also called Swiss chalet, is a type of building or house, typical of the Alpine region in Europe. It is made of wood, with a heavy, gently sloping roof and wide, well-suppo ...

s. He was Honorary Secretary of the Open-Air League and co-authored a handbook on open air treatment. In his book ''Diet and the Maximum Duration of Life'', Reinhardt argued that

colon cleansing Colon cleansing, also known as colon therapy, or colon hydrotherapy, or a colonic, or colonic irrigation encompasses a number of alternative medical therapies claimed to remove unspecified toxins from the colon and intestinal tract by remov ...

was responsible for postponing old age.Stark, James F. (2020). ''The Cult of Youth: Anti-Ageing in Modern Britain''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 74-75. Reinhardt was influenced by the research of

Élie Metchnikoff Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (russian: Илья Ильич Мечников; – 15 July 1916), also spelled Élie Metchnikoff, was a Russian zoologist best known for his pioneering research in immunology. Belkin, a Russian science historian, explains ...

and was one of the earliest physicians to promote the consumption of

yoghurt Yogurt (; , from tr, yoğurt, also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as ''yogurt cultures''. Fermentation of sugars in the milk by these bact ...

. In his book ''120 Years of Life: The Book of the Sour Milk Treatment'' (1910), he described yogurt as the "deliberate employment of microbes which confer a benefit upon their human host." He changed his second name to Reinhardt-Rutland in August 1914.

Animal welfare

Reinhardt was an anti-vivisectionist. He was associated with the

National Anti-Vivisection Society The National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) is an international not-for-profit animal protection group, based in London, working to end animal testing, and focused on the replacement of animals in research with advanced, scientific techniques. S ...

. He served as Chairman for the Council of Justice to Animals and was an executive committee member for the Horses and Drivers' Aid Committee. In 1912, Reinhardt attended a meeting at Torre Abbey in which he defended animals as akin to humans because they feel pain and experience suffering."‘Justice for Animals’ at Torre Abbey"
We Are South Devon. Reinhardt opposed excessive meat eating but promoted dairy products.

Selected publications

''A Handbook of the Open-Air Treatment and Life in an Open-Air Sanatorium''
(with David Thomson, 1902) *''The Consumptive Poor of England: A Problem and a Solution'' (1905)
''Notes on the Open-Air Treatment of Consumption''
(1906)
''120 years of Life: The Book of the Sour Milk Treatment''
(1909)
''Elixir Vitæ Nova: A Treatise Upon the Use of Lactic Ferments''
(1909)
''Diet and the Maximum Duration of Life''
(1910) *''A Plea for the Humane Slaughter of Animals Used for Food'' (1911) *''Old Friends in Hard Times: A Little Book for Lovers of Animals'' (1912) *''The Seventh Son'' (1912) *''Mental Therapeutics: Or, Faith, Medicine, and the Mind'' (1914)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reinhardt, Charles 1868 births 1920 deaths 19th-century British medical doctors 20th-century British medical doctors Alternative detoxification promoters Anti-vivisectionists British animal welfare scholars British animal welfare workers