Charles III Philip (4 November 1661 – 31 December 1742) was
Elector Palatine
The counts palatine of Lotharingia /counts palatine of the Rhine /electors of the Palatinate (german: Kurfürst von der Pfalz) ruled some part of Rhine area in the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire from 915 to 1803. The title was a kin ...
, Count of
Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg (german: Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg) was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km², with a population of ...
, and
Duke of Jülich and
Berg Berg may refer to:
People
*Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
*Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor
* Berg (footballer) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
Former states
* Berg (state), county and duchy of the Hol ...
from 1716 to 1742. Until 1728 he was also Count of
Megen.
Biography
Born in
Neuburg an der Donau
Neuburg an der Donau (Central Bavarian: ''Neiburg an da Donau'') is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.
Divisions
The municipality has 16 divisions:
* Altmannstetten
* Bergen, ...
, Charles Philip was the seventh of 17 children of
Philip William, Elector Palatine and
Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt en, Elizabeth Amelia Magdalena of Hesse-Darmstadt
, image= Elisabeth Amalia Magdalena im Jahr 1705.jpg
, caption= Portrait by Jan Frans van Douven, c. 1705.
, succession = Electress Palatine
, consort=yes
, reign=26 May 1685 - 2 September 1690
, ...
.
Though Charles Philip became a cleric in Cologne at the age of fourteen in 1677 in Salzburg, and again in 1679 in Mainz, he was not ordained but instead started a military career in 1684. He then joined the
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
war against the Turks 1691–1694 and was promoted imperial field marshal. In 1712 he was appointed Governor of
Further Austria
Further Austria, Outer Austria or Anterior Austria (german: Vorderösterreich, formerly ''die Vorlande'' (pl.)) was the collective name for the early (and later) possessions of the House of Habsburg in the former Swabian stem duchy of south-wes ...
in
Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria. On the River Inn, at its junction with the Wipp Valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass to the south, it had a p ...
.
Charles Philip succeeded his brother
Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine
Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine (''"Jan Wellem"'' in Low German, English: ''"John William"''; 19 April 1658 – 8 June 1716) of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Elector Palatine (1690–1716), Duke of Neuburg (1690–1716), Duke of Jülich ...
on his death in 1716. He moved the Palatinate's capital from
Heidelberg
Heidelberg (; Palatine German: ') is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914, of which roughly a quarter consisted of students ...
to the new city of
Mannheim
Mannheim (; Palatine German: or ), officially the University City of Mannheim (german: Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's ...
in 1720, but not before promoting his favorite court jester,
Perkeo of Heidelberg
Perkeo of Heidelberg (born Clemens Pankert, according to other sources Giovanni Clementi; 1702–1735) was a notable jester and court dwarf of Elector Palatine Charles III Philip in Heidelberg. As guardian of the Great Heidelberg Tun, he has sin ...
, to be in charge of the castle's wine stocks. To strengthen the union of all lines of the
Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach () is a German dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including Bavaria, the Palatinate, Holland and Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, the Electorate ...
dynasty Charles Philip organized a wedding on 17 January 1742 when his granddaughter
Elizabeth Auguste was married to
Charles Theodore of Palatinate-Sulzbach and her sister Maria Anna to the Bavarian prince
Clement. In the imperial election a few days later Charles III Philip voted for his Bavarian cousin Prince-Elector
Charles Albert
Charles Albert (; 2 October 1798 – 28 July 1849) was the King of Sardinia from 27 April 1831 until 23 March 1849. His name is bound up with the first Italian constitution, the Albertine Statute, and with the First Italian War of Independenc ...
.
Upon his death in December 1742, the
Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg (german: Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg) was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km², with a population of ...
line became extinct, and the
Electorate of the Palatinate
The Electoral Palatinate (german: Kurpfalz) or the Palatinate (), officially the Electorate of the Palatinate (), was a state that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. The electorate had its origins under the rulership of the Counts Palatine o ...
(including Neuburg, Jülich and Berg) was inherited by Charles Theodore of the
Palatinate-Sulzbach Palatinate-Sulzbach was the name of two separate states of the Holy Roman Empire located in modern Amberg-Sulzbach, Bavaria, Germany, ruled by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach.
Palatinate-Sulzbach (1569–1604)
Palatinate-Sulzbach was p ...
line of the
Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach () is a German dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including Bavaria, the Palatinate, Holland and Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, the Electorate ...
family. Another granddaughter of Charles Philip,
Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach
Countess Palatine Maria Francisca of Sulzbach (''Maria Franziska, Pfalzgräfin von Sulzbach''; 15 June 1724 – 15 November 1794), was a Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld by marriage to Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrü ...
, was later married to
Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...
. Their son
Maximilian I Joseph of Palatinate-Zweibrücken became the heir of the
Palatinate-Sulzbach Palatinate-Sulzbach was the name of two separate states of the Holy Roman Empire located in modern Amberg-Sulzbach, Bavaria, Germany, ruled by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach.
Palatinate-Sulzbach (1569–1604)
Palatinate-Sulzbach was p ...
line.
While in Mannheim, Charles III Philip, and later his successor Charles IV Theodore, put together what was commonly regarded as the finest orchestra in all of Europe. Under the leadership of musicians such as
Johann Stamitz and
Carlo Grua, the orchestra of the Kapelle was lauded by such musicians such as
Leopold and
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
.
Marriages
Charles Philip married three times:
*In
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...
on 10 August 1688 he married firstly Princess
Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł
Princess Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł ( lt, Liudvika Karolina Radvilaitė; 27 February 1667 – 25 March 1695) was a magnate Princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and an active reformer.
Life
Ludwika K ...
, dowager
margravine
Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Emp ...
of
Brandenburg
Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an area of 29,480 squ ...
and a wealthy heiress in
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
. They had four children although only a single daughter, Elisabeth Auguste, lived to adulthood:
#Leopoldine Eleonore Josephine (b. Brieg, 27 December 1689 – d. 8 March 1693).
#Maria Anna (b. 7 December 1690 – d. 1692).
#
Elisabeth Auguste Sophie (b. Brieg, 17 March 1693 – d. Mannheim, 30 January 1728), married on 1717 to her kinsman, the Count Palatine
Joseph Karl of Sulzbach.
#Stillborn son (b. and d. Brieg, 22 March 1695). The mother, Ludwika, died a few days later due to complications giving birth to this child.
*In
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
on 15 December 1701 he married secondly Princess
Teresa Lubomirska
Princess Teresa Katharina Lubomirska (1 January 1685 – 6 January 1712) was a Polish noblewoman.http://genealogia.grocholski.pl/gd/osoba.php?id=018696 She was the second spouse of Count Palatine Charles Philip of Neuburg, who became Elector ...
, heiress of
Ostroh
Ostroh ( uk, Остро́г; pl, Ostróg) is a historic city located in Rivne Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine, on the Horyn River. Ostroh is the administrative center of the Ostroh Raion (district). Administratively, Ostroh is incorporat ...
. They had two daughters, neither of which though lived beyond the age of 3:
#Theophila Elisabeth Franziska Felicitas (b. 13 November 1703 – d. 31 January 1705).
#Anna Elisabeth Theophila (b. Innsbruck, 9 June 1709 – d. Innsbruck, 10 February 1712).
*In 1728 he married thirdly Countess Violente Maria Theresia of Thurn und Taxis, (1683–1734), daughter of Count Philipp-Wilhelm of Thurn and Taxis (1647-1703), and his wife, Countess Marie-Adelheid von Aham zu Wildenau (1652-1714). This childless union was treated
morganatic
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spous ...
, as the
Augsburg
Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ' ...
branch of the wealthy
Thurn and Taxis family had only been elevated to
baron
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or kn ...
ial rank in 1657 and made
counts
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York ...
of the
Empire
An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
in 1701. But Violente received the honorary title of
Princess
Princess is a regal rank and the feminine equivalent of prince (from Latin '' princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a king or prince.
Princess as a subs ...
from
Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI
Charles VI (german: Karl; la, Carolus; 1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy from 1711 until his death, succeeding his elder brother, Joseph I. He unsuccessfully claimed the thron ...
in 1733.
Ancestry
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Charles 03 Philip, Elector Palatine
People from Neuburg an der Donau
House of Wittelsbach
Prince-electors of the Palatinate
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Counts Palatine of Neuburg
Dukes of Jülich
Dukes of Berg
1661 births
1742 deaths
Generals of the Holy Roman Empire