General A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". O ...

Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan (1684/5 – 24 September 1776)Falkner, James
"Cadogan, William, Earl Cadogan"
''

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') was published on 23 September ...

'', 24 May 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2018. was an

Anglo-Irish Anglo-Irish people () denotes an ethnic, social and religious grouping who are mostly the descendants and successors of the English Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. They mostly belong to the Anglican Church of Ireland, which was the establish ...

peer, soldier and Whig politician.

Early life

Cadogan was the younger son of Henry Cadogan of Liscarton,

County Meath County Meath (; gle, Contae na Mí or simply ) is a county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster. It is bordered by Dublin to the southeast, Louth to the northeast, Kildare to the south, Offaly to the so ...

, and his wife, the former Bridget Waller, second daughter of the

regicide Regicide is the purposeful killing of a monarch or sovereign of a polity and is often associated with the usurpation of power. A regicide can also be the person responsible for the killing. The word comes from the Latin roots of ''regis'' ...

Sir Hardress Waller. In 1726, he inherited his title on the death without male issue of his elder brother

William Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan William Cadogan (-1726), 1st Earl Cadogan, an Irish-born British Army officer, began his active military service during the Williamite War in Ireland in 1689 and ended it with the suppression of the 1715 Jacobite Rebellion. A close associate an ...

,Watson, J.N.P. ''Marlborough's Shadow: The Life of the First Earl Cadogan''. Leo Cooper, 2003. whose titles, other than 1st Baron Cadogan, became extinct.

Career

He joined the Army, serving during the

War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Phi ...

where he saw action at the Battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet. His career benefited from his brother's close connection to the Army's

Captain General Captain general (and its literal equivalent in several languages) is a high military rank of general officer grade, and a gubernatorial title. History The term "Captain General" started to appear in the 14th century, with the meaning of Command ...

the

Duke of Marlborough General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722 O.S.) was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reig ...

. He rose, by 1715, to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Coldstream Guards. He was promoted

Brigadier-General Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed to ...

in 1735,

Major-General Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a ...

in 1739,

Lieutenant-General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

in 1745 and full

in 1761. Atterbury describes Cadogan as "a bold, bad, boistrous, blustering, bloody, booby.".G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14'' (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes,

Gloucester Gloucester ( ) is a cathedral city and the county town of Gloucestershire in the South West of England. Gloucester lies on the River Severn, between the Cotswolds to the east and the Forest of Dean to the west, east of Monmouth and east of ...

, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 461. He was given the Colonelcy of the 4th Foot in 1719, transferring in 1734 to be

Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge ...

of the 6th Dragoons until 1742, when he transferred a second time to be Colonel of the

2nd Troop of Horse Guards {{Use dmy dates, date=April 2022 The 2nd Troop of Horse Guards was originally formed in 1659 for Spanish service as Monck's Life Guards. It was successively renamed 3rd, or The Duke of Albemarle's Troop of Horse Guards (1660), 3rd, or The Lord Gene ...

, a position he then held until his death. Later, he served as

Governor of Sheerness The Governor of Sheerness Fort and the Isle of Sheppey was a military officer who commanded the fortifications at Sheerness, on the Isle of Sheppey, part of the defences of the Medway estuary. The area had been fortified since the time of Henry V ...

between 1749 and 1752 and Governor of Gravesend and Tilbury Fort from 1752 until his death in 1776.

Political career

After being defeated in his election to become a Member of Parliament for

Reading Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling) ...

in 1715, he was returned as a Whig in a by-election in 1716. He acted in Parliament with his brother in support of

Sunderland Sunderland () is a port city in Tyne and Wear, England. It is the City of Sunderland's administrative centre and in the historic county of Durham. The city is from Newcastle-upon-Tyne and is on the River Wear's mouth to the North Sea. The ...

against Walpole and represented Reading until the 1722 election when he was beaten by Tories at Reading. However, was successful at a by-election at

Newport, Isle of Wight Newport is the county town of the Isle of Wight, an island county off the south coast of England. The town is slightly north of the centre of the island, and is in the civil parish of Newport and Carisbrooke. It has a quay at the head of the nav ...

(his brother being then governor of the

Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight ( ) is a county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the largest and second-most populous island of England. Referred to as 'The Island' by residents, the Isl ...

). Upon his brother's death in 1726, he succeeded to his barony of Cadogan of Oakley, under special remainder, but not to the earldom, and gave up his seat in the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...

Personal life

On 25 July 1717, Cadogan was married to the heiress Elizabeth Sloane at the Church of St George the Martyr, Queen Square, London. Elizabeth was a daughter of Sir

Hans Sloane Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet (16 April 1660 – 11 January 1753), was an Irish physician, naturalist, and collector, with a collection of 71,000 items which he bequeathed to the British nation, thus providing the foundation of the British Mu ...

, 1st Baronet, and the former Elizabeth Langley Rose. Together, they had one son: * Charles Sloane Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan (1728–1807), who married Frances Bromley, a daughter of Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort. After her death, he married Mary Churchill, a daughter of Col. Charles Churchill and Lady Mary Walpole (a daughter of former

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

Robert Walpole Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745; known between 1725 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole) was a British statesman and Whig politician who, as First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Lea ...

). They divorced in 1796. Through his marriage to Elizabeth, the Sloane estate in suburban

Chelsea Chelsea or Chelsey may refer to: Places Australia * Chelsea, Victoria Canada * Chelsea, Nova Scotia * Chelsea, Quebec United Kingdom * Chelsea, London, an area of London, bounded to the south by the River Thames ** Chelsea (UK Parliament con ...

was transferred to the Cadogan family in 1753, which has been the basis of the family wealth ever since. Cadogan became

Lord of the Manor Lord of the Manor is a title that, in Anglo-Saxon England, referred to the landholder of a rural estate. The lord enjoyed manorial rights (the rights to establish and occupy a residence, known as the manor house and demesne) as well as sei ...

of Chelsea. Lady Cadogan died on 20 May 1768. At his death on 24 September 1776, he was the senior general in the

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gur ...

References

;Notes ;Sources

External links

Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan
at The British Museum , - , - , - , - , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Cadogan, Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron 1685 births 1776 deaths Irish soldiers People from Caversham, Reading 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons officers Barons Cadogan Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies Fellows of the Royal Society British MPs 1715–1722 British MPs 1722–1727 British Army generals Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Reading Members of Parliament for Newport (Isle of Wight) Coldstream Guards officers