The

chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...

() was a semi-formally designated office position for a number of high-level officials at one time during the

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...

of China. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Wu Zhou dynasty, which is typically treated as an interregnum of the Tang dynasty by historians.

Origins

Ouyang Xiu Ouyang Xiu (; 1007 – 1072 CE), courtesy name Yongshu, also known by his art names Zuiweng () and Liu Yi Jushi (), was a Chinese historian, calligrapher, epigrapher, essayist, poet, and politician of the Song dynasty. He was a renowned writ ...

, the author of the ''

New Book of Tang The ''New Book of Tang'', generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the So ...

'', asserts that the Tang dynasty inherited its bureaucracy from its dynastic predecessor, the

Sui dynasty The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and la ...

, under which the founder

Emperor Wen of Sui The Emperor Wen of Sui (; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (), alias Narayana () deriving from Buddhist terms, was the founder and the first emperor of the Chinese Sui dynasty. The ''Book of ...

divided his government into five main bureaus: * ''Shàngshūshěng'' (尚書省) – The

Department of State Affairs The Shangshu Sheng (), sometimes translated as the Department of State Affairs or the Imperial Secretariat, was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure. It was the primary executive institution of ...

* ''Ménxiàshěng'' (門下省) – The Chancellery * ''Nèishǐshěng'' (內史省) – The Legislative Bureau (note different tone than the eunuch bureau below) * ''Mìshūshěng'' (秘書省) – The

Palace Library The Palace Library (; in Vietnam: 秘書所, ''Bí thư sở'') was a central government agency in monarchical China, Korea, and Vietnam generally in charge of maintaining and archiving the collection of the monarch's documents. China The off ...

* ''Nèishìshěng'' (內侍省) – The

Eunuch A eunuch ( ) is a male who has been castrated. Throughout history, castration often served a specific social function. The earliest records for intentional castration to produce eunuchs are from the Sumerian city of Lagash in the 2nd millenni ...

bureau (note different tone than the legislative bureau above), later changed by Emperor Wen's son

Emperor Yang of Sui Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝, 569 – 11 April 618), personal name Yang Guang (), alternative name Ying (), Xianbei name Amo (), also known as Emperor Ming of Sui () during the brief reign of his grandson Yang Tong, was the second emperor ...

to ''Diànnèishěng'' (殿內省) Under Emperor Wen, the executive bureau was regarded as the most important, and he had his most honored officials such as

Gao Jiong Gāo Jiǒng () (died August 27, 607), courtesy name Zhaoxuan (昭玄), alternative name Min (敏))) known during the Northern Zhou period by the Xianbei name Dugu Jiong (独孤颎/獨孤熲), was a Chinese military general and politician of the C ...

Yang Su Yang Su (楊素; died August 31, 606), courtesy name Chudao (處道), formally Duke Jingwu of Chu (楚景武公), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Sui dynasty whose authority eventually became nearly as supreme as the emperor' ...

, and Su Wei lead it at various points. Its heads were generally regarded as chancellors (as it always had two heads, known as the ''Shàngshūpúshè'' (尚書僕射)). Ouyang asserts, however, that the heads of the examination and legislative bureaus were also considered chancellors.''

'', vol. 61.

Organization

Early history

The Tang dynasty founder Emperor Gaozu initially followed the Sui's system of governance, including the five-bureau organization. However, he deviated from his predecessors by creating a single head for the executive bureau, known as the ''Shàngshūlǐng'' (尚書令) and appointed the office to his second son and future emperor Lǐ Shìmín (李世民). After Li Shimin became emperor in 626, the office was left vacant because none of his officials dared to occupy it. Thus from the year 626 the executive bureau was headed by its two vice-directors, the ''Shàngshūpúshè''. Around this time, probably by Emperor Taizong's orders, the institution of multiple chancellors was formalized, with the heads of the executive, examination, and legislative (which was renamed the ''Zhōngshūshěng'' (中書省)) bureaus regarded as the chancellors. As there were often, but not always, more than one head for the examination and legislative bureaus, there were not necessarily only four chancellors. Emperor Taizong's reign also began to designate certain high-level officials, even though they were not heads of one of the bureaus, as chancellors, with titles such as ''Cānyù'' Cháozhèng (參豫朝政, literally "participator in the administration's governance"). Yet later in 643, he revised the designation and formalized it as the ''Tóngzhōngshūménxiàsānpǐn'' (同中書門下三品, literally meaning "equivalent to the officials with the third rank from the ''Zhōngshū'' and the ''Ménxià''") — because the heads of the legislative bureau, the ''Zhōngshūlǐng'' (中書令), and the examination bureau, the ''Shìzhōng'' (侍中), were of the third rank. These officials were rendered as "chancellors de facto'" ''Shízhìzǎixiàng'' (實質宰相) by the Chinese historian

Bo Yang Bo Yang (; 7 March 1920 – 29 April 2008), sometimes also erroneously called Bai Yang, was a Chinese historian, novelist, philosopher, poet, and politician based in Taiwan. He is also regarded as a social critic. According to his own memoir, ...

in his modern Chinese edition of the ''

Zizhi Tongjian ''Zizhi Tongjian'' () is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084 AD during the Northern Song dynasty in the form of a chronicle recording Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynast ...

''.

Name changes

Throughout Tang history, the names of the examination and legislative bureaus were changed multiple times, and so the designation of ''Tóngzhōngshū Ménxià Sānpǐn'' was frequently changed in response thereof. For example, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, when the legislative bureau was briefly known as the ''Zǐwéishěng'' (紫微省) and the examination bureau the ''Huángménshěng'' (黃門省), the chancellors de facto were known as the ''Tóng Zǐwéi Huángmén Sānpǐn''.''

'', vol. 62. A lesser designation, with the same powers, was created in 682 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, and was initially known as the ''Tóng'' ''Zhōngshū Ménxià Píngzhāngshì'' (同中書門下平章事, literally "equivalent to the participators from the ''Zhōngshū'' and the ''Ménxià''"), rendered by Bo as "chancellors de facto second grade." Later in Tang history, after the

Anshi Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general off ...

, while the chancellor-de facto designation was not officially abolished, it was no longer in use, as the last chancellor to be designated as such was Li Lin, in 757–758, and the chancellor-de facto-of-second-grade designation became very common''

'', vol. 63. and was used for the rest of Tang history. Furthermore, after 705,''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 208. the heads of the executive bureau were no longer considered chancellors unless they received the chancellor-de facto designation of either kind.''Bo Yang Edition'' of the ''

'', vol. 45. Throughout the early dynasty until the second reign of Emperor Ruizong in 710, variations of the ''Canyu Chaozheng'' also continued appearing, including ''Canzhi Jiwu'' (參知機務, literally "participator in important matters"), ''Canzhang Jimi'' (參掌機密, literally "participator in national secret matters"), ''Canzhi Zhengshi'' (參知政事, literally "participator in governance matters"), ''Canmou Zhengshi'' (參謀政事, similarly in meaning to ''Canzhi Zhengshi'') also appeared, which Bo rendered as "chancellors de facto of the third class."

Function

The chancellors periodically met together at the ''Zhengshi Tang'' (政事堂, literally "the Hall of State Matters"), originally physically located within the examination bureau. In 683, when

Pei Yan Pei Yan (裴炎) (died November 30, 684), courtesy name Zilong (子隆), was a Chinese politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong That dominated by Empress Wu, as well Later alone regency by his ...

, then the head of the examination bureau, became the head of the legislative bureau, the ''Zhengshi Tang'' was moved from the examination bureau to the legislative bureau. Later, during Emperor Xuanzong's reign, when Zhang Shuo became chancellor, he changed the name to ''Zhongshu Menxia'' (中書門下), apparently employing a

double entendre A double entendre (plural double entendres) is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to have a double meaning, of which one is typically obvious, whereas the other often conveys a message that would be too socially ...

, as when the terms were put together, they meant, "within the doors of the ''Zhongshu''."''

'', vol. 46. Zhang also reorganized the Hall by creating five offices under the chancellors—in charge of civil service, state secrets, military matters, governance, and criminal law, respectively. Later in the dynasty—starting during the reign of Emperor Suzong — the chancellors begin to rotate off-days so that at least one would always be on duty; when submissions were to be made to the emperor, they were signed in the names of all chancellors, whether on duty or not. The name of their meeting place also changed back to ''Zhengshi Tang''.''

'', vol. 225.

List of Tang chancellors

''This list also includes the chancellors during the Wu Zhou dynasty of

Wu Zetian Wu Zetian (17 February 624 – 16 December 705), personal name Wu Zhao, was the ''de facto'' ruler of the Tang dynasty from 665 to 705, ruling first through others and then (from 690) in her own right. From 665 to 690, she was first empres ...

, even though the propriety of considering it as part of the Tang dynasty is disputed. The list does not include people who served as regional governors who were given the titles as honorific titles. The chancellors under the pretenders Li Yun and

Li Yu, Prince of De Li Yu (李裕) (died March 17, 905), né Li You (李祐) (name changed 897), briefly Li Zhen (李縝) (from 900 to 901), formally the Prince of De (德王), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. He was the oldest son of the ...

are listed, but not the chancellors under the pretender

Li Chenghong Li Chenghong (李承宏), commonly known as the Prince of Guangwu (廣武王), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Tang Dynasty who was briefly declared emperor in 763 by invading Tibetan forces after they had captured the Tang capital Chang'a ...

because, while Li Chenghong was described to have multiple chancellors, only two (Yu Kefeng (于可封) and Huo Huan (霍環)) was named in historical accounts, and Yu and Huo's actual titles were not given in those accounts.''

Heads of the Executive Bureau

The executive bureau had these changes in name: * ''Shangshu Sheng'' (尚書省) (618–662) * ''Zhong Tai'' (中臺) (662–670) * ''Shangshu Sheng'' (670–684) * ''Wenchang Tai'' (文昌臺) (684) * ''Wenchang Dusheng'' (文昌都省) (684–685) * ''Wenchang Dutai'' (文昌都臺) (685–703) * ''Zhong Tai'' (703–705) * ''Shangshu Sheng'' (705–907) Correspondingly, the heads of the executive bureau, considered chancellors from 618 to 705, had these titles during those periods: * ''Shangshu Ling'' (尚書令) (618–626) * ''Shangshu Puye'' (尚書僕射) (618–662) * ''Kuangzheng'' (匡政) (662–670) * ''Shangshu Puye'' (670–684) * ''Wenchang Xiang'' (文昌相) (684–705) * ''Shangshu Puye'' (705–713) * ''Cheng Xiang'' (丞相) (713–742) * ''Shangshu Puye'' (742–907) The men who held the office included (including the ''Shangshu Puye'' during Emperor Gaozu's reign, even though at that time the office was for the deputy heads of the ''Shangshu Sheng''): *

Li Shimin Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 59810July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty ...

(as ''Shangshu Ling'' 618–626) * Pei Ji (618–629) * Xiao Yu (623–626, 627) *

Feng Deyi Feng Lun (; 568–627), courtesy name Deyi (), better known as Feng Deyi, formally Duke Miao of Mi, was a Chinese official of the Sui and Tang dynasties who served as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Gaozu of Tang and Emperor Taizong ...

(626–627) *

Zhangsun Wuji Zhangsun Wuji (; died 659), courtesy name Fuji (輔機), formally the Duke of Zhao, was a Chinese politician who served as a chancellor in the early Tang dynasty. He was Empress Zhangsun's brother, which made him a brother-in-law of Emperor Tai ...

(627–628) *

Fang Xuanling Fang Qiao (; 579 – 18 August 648), courtesy name Xuanling, better known as Fang Xuanling, posthumously known as Duke Wenzhao of Liang, was a Chinese statesman and writer who served as a chancellor under Emperor Taizong in the early Tang dynas ...

(629–643, 643–648) *

Du Ruhui Du Ruhui (585–630), courtesy name Keming, posthumously known as Duke Cheng of Lai, was a Chinese official who served as a chancellor under Emperor Taizong in the early Tang dynasty. He and his colleague, Fang Xuanling, were often described as ...

(629) * Li Jing (630–634) * Wen Yanbo (636–637) *

Gao Shilian Gao Jian (576 – February 14, 647), courtesy name Shilian, better known as Gao Shilian, formally Duke Wenxian of Shen (申文獻公), was a Chinese politician of the Tang dynasty. He was the uncle of Empress Zhangsun, Emperor Taizong's wife, an ...

(638–643) *

Li Shiji Li Shiji (594?The ''Old Book of Tang'' indicated that Li Shiji was 75 at the time of his death, while the ''New Book of Tang'' indicated that Li Shiji was 85 at the time of his death. Compare ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 67 with ''New Book of Tang ...

(649–650) *

Zhang Xingcheng Zhang Xingcheng (587 – October 10, 653), courtesy name Deli, posthumously known as Duke Ding of Beiping, was a Chinese official who served as a chancellor during the reigns of the emperors Taizong and Gaozong in the Tang dynasty. Background ...

(651–653) *

Yu Zhining Yu Zhining (于志寧) (588–665), courtesy name Zhongmi (仲謐), formally Duke Ding of Yan (燕定公), was a Chinese politician during the Tang dynasty, during the reigns of Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong. He had served on the staff of E ...

(651–659) *

Chu Suiliang Chu Suiliang (596–658), courtesy name Dengshan, formally the Duke of Henan, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, and politician who served as a chancellor during the reigns of the emperors Taizong and Gaozong in the Tang dynasty. He became i ...

(653–655) *

Liu Rengui Liu Rengui (劉仁軌) (602 – March 2, 685), courtesy name Zhengze (正則), formally Duke Wenxian of Lecheng (樂城文獻公), was a Chinese military general and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of ...

(675–681, 683–685) *

Dai Zhide Dai Zhide (戴至德) (died March 16, 679), formally Duke Gong of Dao (道恭公), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Background It is not known when Dai Zhide was born. His u ...

(675–679) * Su Liangsi (686–690) *

Wei Daijia Wei Daijia () (died 689?) was a general and official of the Tang dynasty of China, serving as chancellor during the first reign of the Emperor Ruizong. Background It is not known when Wei Daijia was born, but it was known that his family was fro ...

(686–689) *

Wu Chengsi Wu Chengsi ( Chinese: 武承嗣; Pinyin: Wǔ Chéngsì) (died July 22, 698), formally Prince Xuan of Wei (魏宣王), was a nephew of the Chinese sovereign Wu Zetian and an imperial prince of the Wu Zhou dynasty. He participated in her planning in ...

(690–692) *

Cen Changqian Cen Changqian (; died November 7, 691), briefly known as Wu Changqian (武長倩) during the reign of Wu Zetian, formally the Duke of Deng (鄧公), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties of China, servin ...

(690–691) * Doulu Qinwang (697–698, 699–700, 705–706Somewhat inconsistent with accounts about ''Shangshu Puye'' not being a chancellor post after 705, Doulu, Tang, and Wei were still referred in the table of chancellors while holding those posts during Emperor Zhongzong's second reign. See ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 61.) * Wang Jishan (699) After 705, the heads of the executive bureau were no longer considered chancellors unless they received the chancellor-de facto designation. *

Tang Xiujing Tang Xiujing (唐休璟; 627–712), formal name Tang Xuan () but went by the courtesy name of Xiujing, formally Duke Zhong of Song (), was an official and general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancell ...

(705–706) *

Wei Yuanzhong Wei Yuanzhong (魏元忠) (died 707), né Wei Zhenzai (魏真宰), formally Duke Zhen of Qi (齊貞公), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Em ...

(706–707) *

Li Chengqi Li Chengqi () (679 – January 5, 742), known as Wu Chengqi () during the reign of his grandmother Wu Zetian and as Li Xian () after 716, formally Emperor Rang (, literally, "the emperor who yielded"), was an imperial prince of the Tang Dynasty ...

(710) * Li Kuo (763–764) (as ''Shangshu Ling'') *

Guo Ziyi Guo Ziyi (Kuo Tzu-i; Traditional Chinese: 郭子儀, Simplified Chinese: 郭子仪, Hanyu Pinyin: Guō Zǐyí, Wade-Giles: Kuo1 Tzu3-i2) (697 – July 9, 781), posthumously Prince Zhōngwǔ of Fényáng (), was a Chinese military general and po ...

(764) (as ''Shangshu Ling'') *

Li Maozhen Li Maozhen (; 856 – May 17, 924), born Song Wentong (), courtesy name Zhengchen (), formally Prince Zhongjing of Qin (), was the only ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Qi (901–924). He had become a powerful w ...

(901–903) (as ''Shangshu Ling'')

Heads of the Legislative Bureau

The leiglsative bureau had these changes in name:''

'', vol. 188. * ''Neishi Sheng'' (內史省) (618–620) * ''Zhongshu Sheng'' (中書省) (620–662) * ''Xi Tai'' (西臺) (662–671) * ''Zhongshu Sheng'' (671–684) * ''Feng Ge'' (鳳閣) (684–705) * ''Zhongshu Sheng'' (705–713) * ''Ziwei Sheng'' (紫微省) (713–717) * ''Zhongshu Sheng'' (717–907) Correspondingly, the heads of the legislative bureau had these titles during those periods: * ''Neishi Ling'' (內史令) (618–620) * ''Zhongshu Ling'' (中書令) (620–662) * ''You Xiang'' (右相) (662–671) * ''Zhongshu Ling'' (671–684) * ''Neishi'' (內史) (684–705) * ''Zhongshu Ling'' (705–713) * ''Ziwei Ling'' (紫微令) (713–717) * ''Zhongshu Ling'' (717–742) * ''You Xiang'' (742–757) * ''Zhongshu Ling'' (757–907) The men who held the office included: * Xiao Yu (618–623) *

Dou Wei Dou Wei is a Chinese musician, singer-songwriter and composer. Music Dou Wei is a multi-instrumentalist and produces music across many genres. He first came to prominence as a member of the hard rock group Black Panther (Hei Bao, 黑豹). In ...

(618) *

(620–626) * Yang Gongren (623–626) *

(625–626) *

(626–629) *

Yuwen Shiji Yuwen Shiji (died 642), courtesy name Renren, formally Duke Zong of Ying, was a Chinese monarch and politician of the Sui and Tang dynasties, serving as a chancellor, as ''Shizhong'' (侍中) (625–626) and ''Zhongshu Ling'' (中書令) (626� ...

(626–627) * Li Jing (628–630) * Wen Yanbo (630–636) * Yang Shidao (639–643, 645) * Cen Wenben (644–645) *

Ma Zhou Ma Zhou (601–648), courtesy name Binwang, formally the Duke of Gaotang (), was a Chinese politician who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Tang dynasty. He was initially a commoner and a guest of the general Chan ...

(644–648) *

(648–649) *

(648–650) * Gao Jifu (649–651) * Liu Shi (652–654) *

Lai Ji Lai Ji () (610–662) was Chinese military general and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. He later offended Emperor Gaozong by opposing the ascension of Emperor Gaozong's second wife Em ...

(655–657) *

Cui Dunli Cui Dunli (崔敦禮) (596 – August 29, 656 ), né Cui Yuanli (崔元禮), courtesy name Anshang (安上), formally Duke Zhao of Gu'an (固安昭公), was an official, general, and diplomat of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor duri ...

(655–656) *

Li Yifu Li Yifu (; 614–666) was a Chinese historian, poet, and politician who served as a chancellor of the Tang dynasty, during the reign of the Emperor Gaozong. He became particularly powerful because of his support for the Emperor Gaozong's second ...

(657–658, 663) * Du Zhenglun (657–658) *

Xu Jingzong Xu Jingzong (592 – September 20, 672), courtesy name Yanzu, posthumously known as Duke Gong of Gaoyang, was a Chinese cartographer, historian, and politician who served as a chancellor in the Tang dynasty. Allied with Emperor Gaozong's power ...

(658–662) *

Liu Xiangdao Liu Xiangdao (劉祥道) (596–666), courtesy name Tongshou (同壽), formally Duke Xuan of Guangping (廣平宣公), was a Chinese politicians of the medieval Chinese Tang Dynasty who served briefly as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozo ...

(664) * Lu Dunxin (665–666) *

(666–670) *

Yan Liben Yan may refer to: Chinese states * Yan (state) (11th century – 222 BC), a major state in northern China during the Zhou dynasty * Yan (Han dynasty kingdom), first appearing in 206 BC * Yan (Three Kingdoms kingdom), officially claimed indep ...

(668–673) *

Hao Chujun Hao Chujun (; 607–681), formally Duke of Zengshan (甑山公), was an official and general of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. He was known for his honesty and willingness to advise Emperor Gao ...

(675–679) *

Li Jingxuan Li Jingxuan (李敬玄) (615–682), formally Duke Wenxian of Zhao (趙文憲公), was a Chinese military general of Tang China, serving as Chancellor of the Tang dynasty during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. He was famed for his efficient organiza ...

(676–680) *

Xue Yuanchao Xue Yuanchao (; 622–683), formal name Xue Zhen (薛振) but went by the courtesy name of Yuanchao, formally Baron of Fenyin (汾陰男), was a Chinese politician of the Chinese Tang Dynasty who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor ...

(681–683) *

Cui Zhiwen Cui Zhiwen (崔知溫) (627 – April 27, 683), courtesy name Liren (禮仁), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Background Cui Zhiwen was born in 627, during the reign of E ...

(681–683) *

(683–684) *

Qian Weidao Qian Weidao (騫味道) (died January 11, 689) was a Chinese politician who served twice briefly a chancellor of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. Little is known about Qian Weidao's career before his fi ...

(684–685) *

Pei Judao Pei Judao (裴居道) (died July 22, 690) was a general and official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. Background It is not known when Pei Judao was born, but it is known his family ...

(685–687)The table of chancellors in the ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 61, recorded that Pei became ''Neishi'' in 685 and became ''Nayan'' in 686, but then again recorded in 687 that he became ''Nayan''. According to the chronicles of

's reign in the ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 6,, he became ''Neishi'' in 685 and ''Nayan'' in 687. According to the chronicles of

's reign in the ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 4 , he became ''Neishi'' in 686 and ''Nayan'' in 687. *

(686–690) *

Xing Wenwei Xing Wenwei () (died 690?All sources that referred to Xing Wenwei's death agreed that it was soon after his demotion in 690, implying, but not establishing conclusively, that he died in 690.) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, ser ...

(690) * Doulu Qinwang (693–694) *

Li Zhaode Li Zhaode (李昭德) (died April 28, 697) was a Chinese politician in Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty and at one point served as chancellor. He was known for his abilities and strong will, which eventually led to a conflict with Wu Zetian's secret police ...

(694) * Wang Jishan (697–699) *

Wu Sansi Wu Sansi (died August 7, 707), known posthumously as Prince Xuan of Liang (), was a Chinese prince and politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties. Wu Sansi served as a chancellor and imperial prince during the reign of his aunt, Empress Wu Zetian ...

(698The table of chancellors in the ''

'' had several entries with regard to chancellor movements during Wu Zetian's reign that were considered errant entries (as they were immediately duplicated within other subsequent entries) by both its commentators and

Sima Guang Sima Guang (17 November 1019 – 11 October 1086), courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer. He was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official who authored the monumental history book ''Zizhi Tongjian''. Sima was ...

, the lead editor of the ''

'', and accordingly, those entries are not considered here. Further, it gave no date for the end of Lu Yuanfang's second stint as chancellor, but the ''Zizhi Tongjian'' did. See ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 61.–700) *

Di Renjie Di Renjie (630 – November 11, 700), courtesy name Huaiying (懷英), formally Duke Wenhui of Liang (梁文惠公), was a Chinese politician of Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties, twice serving as chancellor during the reign of Wu Zetian. He was one of ...

(700) * Li Jiao (704, 706–709) *

Yang Zaisi Yang Zaisi (楊再思) (died 709), formally Duke Gong of Zheng (鄭恭公), was a Chinese politician serving several times as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong. Yang was criticized by traditional historians fo ...

(704–705, 705–709) *

Cui Xuanwei Cui Xuanwei (崔玄暐; 638–706), né Cui Ye (崔曄), formally Prince Wenxian of Boling (博陵文獻王), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her ...

(705) * Yuan Shuji (705) *

Wei Anshi Wei Anshi (; 651–714), formally Duke Wenzhen of Xun (), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor several times, during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor R ...

(705–706, 711) *

(705–706) *

Zong Chuke Zong Chuke (宗楚客) (died July 24, 710), courtesy name Shu'ao (叔敖), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her son Emperor Zhongzong, and he ...

(709–710) *

Xiao Zhizhong Xiao Zhizhong (; died July 29, 713?The chronicles of Emperor Xuanzong's reign in the ''Old Book of Tang'' indicated that Xiao, along with Cen Xi, were arrested and beheaded on the same day that Emperor Xuanzong carried out the suppression of Prin ...

(709–710, 710, 713) * Zhong Shaojing (710) *

Wei Sili Wei Sili (韋嗣立; 654–719), courtesy name Yan'gou (延構), formally Duke Xiao of Xiaoyao (逍遙孝公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her ...

(710) * Yao Chong (710–711, 713–716) *

Cui Shi Cui Shi (崔湜; 671–713), courtesy name Chenglan (澄瀾), was a Chinese writer and politician. He served as an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian's sons E ...

(712–713) * Zhang Shuo (713, 723–726) *

Zhang Jiazhen Zhang Jiazhen (張嘉貞; 666 – September 19, 729), formally Marquess Gongsu of Hedong (河東恭肅侯), was a Chinese military general and politician. He was an official serving under Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty and served as a chancellor of Tan ...

(720–723) *

Xiao Song Xiao Song (; died 749), formally the Duke of Xu (), was a Chinese historian, military general, and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor of the Tang dynasty, chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Emperor Xua ...

(729–733) *

Zhang Jiuling Zhang Jiuling () (678 or 673–740), courtesy name Zishou (), nickname Bowu (), formally Count Wenxian of Shixing (), was a prominent minister, noted poet and scholar of the Tang dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. ...

(733–736) *

Li Linfu Li Linfu () (died January 3, 753), nickname Genu (), formally the Duke of Jin (), was a Chinese historian, musician, and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor for 18 years (734–752), during the reign of Emperor Xuanzon ...

(736–752) * Yang Guozhong (752–756) * Cui Yuan (757–758) *

Li Fuguo Li Fuguo ( 李輔國; 704 – November 12, 762According to Tang Daizong's biography in the ''Old Book of Tang'', Li was killed at night on the ''dingmao'' day in the 10th month of the 1st year of the Baoying era of Tang Suzong's/Daizong's reign. ...

(762) *

Li Huaiguang Li Huaiguang (; 729 – September 19, 785) was a leading general of Mohe extraction of Tang China. He was credited with saving Emperor Dezong in the face of an attack by the rebel Zhu Ci in 783 but, dissatisfied with the lack of trust that Empero ...

(783–784) * Li Sheng (784–793) *

Hun Jian Hun Jian (; 736 – January 1, 800), né Hun Jin (渾進), formally Prince Zhongwu of Xianning (咸寧忠武王), was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty of Tiele extraction. He was most-well known for his battles to protect Emperor De ...

(796–799) * Han Hong (819–822) *

Pei Du Pei Du () (765 – April 21, 839), courtesy name Zhongli (), formally Duke Wenzhong of Jin (), was a Chinese politician. He served a government official of the during Tang dynasty, as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong, Emperor Xia ...

(839) * Bai Minzhong (860–861) * Wei Zhaodu (888)

Heads of the Examination Bureau

The examination bureau had these changes in name: * ''Menxia Sheng'' (門下省) (618–662) * ''Dong Tai'' (東臺) (662–671) * ''Menxia Sheng'' (671–684) * ''Luan Tai'' (鸞臺) (684–705) * ''Menxia Sheng'' (705–713) * ''Huangmen Sheng'' (黃門省) (713–720) * ''Menxia Sheng'' (720–907) Correspondingly, the heads of the examination bureau had these titles during those periods: * ''Nayan'' (納言) (618–620) * ''Shizhong'' (侍中) (620–662) * ''Zuo Xiang'' (左相) (662–671) * ''Shizhong'' (671–684) * ''Nayan'' (684–705) * ''Shizhong'' (705–713) * ''Huangmen Jian'' (黃門監) (713–720) * ''Shizhong'' (720–742) * ''Zuo Xiang'' (742–757) * ''Shizhong'' (757–907) The men who held the office included: * Liu Wenjing (618) *

Dou Kang Dou Kang (died 621), courtesy name Daosheng, was an official and general during the Sui and Tang dynasties who briefly served as a chancellor early in the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Tang. Family ''Parents'' *Father: Dou Rongding (窦荣定) ...

(618) * Chen Shuda (618–626) *

Pei Ju Pei Ju (547-627), birth name Pei Shiju, courtesy name Hongda, formally Duke Jing of Anyi, was a Chinese cartographer, diplomat, politician, and writer who lived in the Sui and Tang dynasties, briefly serving as a chancellor during the reign of ...

(624–625) *

(625–626) *

Li Yuanji Li Yuanji (李元吉) (603 – 2 July 626The date of the incident at Xuanwu Gate was the fourth day of the sixth month of the ''Wude'' era, which translates to July 2, 626, according to the Academia Sinicabr>), formally Prince La of Chao (巢剌� ...

(625–626) *

(626–627) *

(628–629) * Wang Gui (628–633) *

Wei Zheng Wei Zheng (580–643), courtesy name Xuancheng, posthumously known as Duke Wenzhen of Zheng, was a Chinese politician and historian. He served as a chancellor of the Tang dynasty for about 13 years during the reign of Emperor Taizong. He was al ...

(632–636) * Yang Shidao (636–639) * Liu Ji (644–645) *

(645–648) *

(650–651) * Gao Jifu (651–654) *

Yuwen Jie Yuwen Jie (宇文節), courtesy name Dali (大禮),''New Book of Tang'', vol. 71. was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty. He served as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Yuwen Jie's grandfather Yuwen Bi (宇文弼) was a maj ...

(652–653) *

(653–655) *

Han Yuan Han Yuan () (606 – 659),Accord to Han Yuan's biographies in '' Old Book of Tang'' and '' New Book of Tang'', he was 54 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died in the 4th year of the Xianqing era of Tang Gaozong's reign (659). By calculation, his bi ...

(655–657) *

(657–658) * Xin Maojiang (658–659) *

Xu Yushi Xu or XU may refer to: People and characters * Xu (surname), one of two Chinese surnames ( or /), transliterated as Xu in English * ǃXu, a name for the ǃKung group of Bushmen; may also refer to the ǃKung language or the ǃKung people * ǃXu ...

(659–662) * Dou Dexuan (664–666) * Jiang Ke (668–672) *

Zhang Wenguan Zhang Wenguan (張文瓘) (606 – September 30, 678), courtesy name Zhigui (稚圭), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. He was acclaimed for his fairness while serving as the ...

(675–678) *

(679–681) *

(681–683) *

Liu Jingxian Liu Jingxian (劉景先) (died 689), né Liu Qixian (劉齊賢), was a Chinese politician of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor late in the reign of Emperor Gaozong and the subsequent regency of Emperor Gaozong's powerful wife Empres ...

(683–684) *

Wang Dezhen Wang Dezhen (王德真) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, briefly serving as a chancellor on two occasions—once during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, and once during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong, when Emperor Gaozong's w ...

(684–685) * Su Liangsi (685–686) * Wei Siqian (686–687) *

(687–690) * Wei Xuantong (687–689) * Zhang Guangfu (689) *

(689–690) * Wu Youning (690–691, 691–692) *

Shi Wuzi Shi Wuzi (史務滋) (died January 2, 691) was a Chinese politician of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. It is not known when Shi Wuzi was born, but it is known that he ...

(690–691) *

Zong Qinke Zong Qinke (宗秦客) (died 691?) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. Among other things, he is particularly noted for his role in developing ce ...

(690) *

Ouyang Tong Ouyang Tong (歐陽通) (died November 7, 691), formally the Viscount of Bohai (渤海子), was a Chinese calligrapher and politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties of China, serving briefly as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. Background ...

(691) *

Yao Shu Yao Shu (姚璹) (632–705), courtesy name Lingzhang (令璋), formally Count Cheng of Wuxing (吳興成伯), was a Chinese politician of the Tang and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving twice as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. He is not to be ...

(694–697) *

Lou Shide Lou Shide (; 630–699), courtesy name Zongren (宗仁), formally Viscount Zhen of Qiao (譙貞子), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, twice serving as chancellor during Wu ...

(697–699) *

(698–700) * Li Jiao (703–704) *

(704–705, 709–710) *

Jing Hui Jing Hui (敬暉) (died 706), courtesy name Zhongye (仲瞱), formally Prince Sumin of Pingyang (平陽肅愍王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor ...

(705) *

Huan Yanfan Huan Yanfan (桓彥範) (653–706), courtesy name Shize (士則), formally Prince Zhonglie of Fuyang (扶陽忠烈王), briefly known during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang as Wei Yanfan (韋彥範), was an official of the Chinese dynasty ...

(705) *

(705–707) *

Su Gui Su Gui (蘇瓌 or 蘇瑰) (639 – December 18, 710), courtesy name Changrong (昌容) or Tingshuo (廷碩), formally Duke Wenzhen of Xu (許文貞公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a ...

(706–707) * Wei Juyuan (707–709) *

Ji Chuna Ji Chuna (; died July 24, 710) was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Zhongzong's son Emperor Shang. He was a member of the faction of Emperor Zhongzong's powerful ...

(707–710) *

(709) *

Li Rizhi Li Rizhi () (died 715) was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Ruizong. Background It is not known when Li Rizhi was born, but it is known that his family was ...

(711) *

Dou Huaizhen Dou Huaizhen (; died July 29, 713), known by his courtesy name Dou Congyi (竇從一) during the second reign of Emperor Zhongzong (r. 705–710), posthumously renamed Du Huaizhen (毒懷貞), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zet ...

(711) * Liu Youqiu (711–712, 713) *

Cen Xi Cen Xi (; died July 29, 713), courtesy name Bohua (伯華), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Shang, Emperor Ruizong, and Emperor Xuanzong. He was k ...

(712–713) *

Wei Zhigu Wei Zhigu (; 647–715), formally Duke Zhong of Liang (), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzong. Background Wei Zhigu was bo ...

(713–714) *

Lu Huaishen Lu Huaishen (盧懷慎; died December 11, 716), formally Count Wencheng of Yuyang (魚陽文成伯), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou (Wu Zhou) dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. ...

(714–716) *

Song Jing Song Jing (宋璟) (663 – November 21, 737), formally Duke Wenzhen of Guangping (廣平文貞公), was a Chinese politician during the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as the chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and ...

(716–720) * Yuan Qianyao (720–729) *

Pei Guangting Pei Guangting (; 676-March 27, 733), courtesy name Liancheng (連城), formally Baron Zhongxian of Zhengping (正平忠獻男),That Pei's posthumous name was 忠獻 rather than 忠憲 (both pronounced "Zhongxian") was per his biography in the ''Old ...

(730–733) *

Pei Yaoqing PEI or Pei may refer to: Places *Matecaña International Airport, Pereira, Colombia, IATA code PEI *Pei County (沛县), Jiangsu, China *Pei Commandery (沛郡), a commandery in Chinese history *Prince Edward Island, a province of Canada * Pei, ...

(734–736) * Niu Xianke (738–742) * Li Shizhi (742–746) *

Chen Xilie Chén Xīliè () (died February 11, 758) was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. During the An Shi Rebellion, he surrendered to An Lushan and served as chancellor of An's state ...

(747–754) *

Wei Jiansu Wei Jiansu (韋見素) (687–763), courtesy name Huiwei (會微), formally Duke Zhongzhen of Bin (豳忠貞公), was a Chinese politician who served as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and his son Emperor Suzong. As a you ...

(756–757) * Miao Jinqing (757, 757–763) * Wang Jin (764) *

(784–796) * Ma Sui (785–795) *

Wang Duo Wang Duo () (died 884), courtesy name Zhaofan (), formally the Duke of Jin (), was a Chinese politician of the medieval Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Yizong and Emperor Yizong's son Emperor Xizong. After th ...

(881–882) * Zhu Mei (886) *

Zheng Congdang Zheng Congdang (鄭從讜) (died 887?''New Book of Tang''vol. 63.), courtesy name Zhengqiu (正求), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, twice serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xizong. Background and early caree ...

(886–887) * Wei Zhaodu (887–888) * Xu Yanruo (896–900) *

Cui Yin Cui Yin (崔胤) (854''New Book of Tang'', vol. 223, part 2.-February 1, 904''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 264.Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter), courtesy name Chuixiu (垂休), nickname Zilang (緇郎), formally the Duke of Wei (魏 ...

(903–904)

Chancellors de facto

Prior to formalization

Du Yan Du Yan (died 628), courtesy name Zhili, posthumously known as Duke Xiang of Anji, was a Chinese official who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Tang dynasty. His more famous nephew, Du Ruhui, was also a chancellor ...

(627–628) (as ''Canyu Chaozheng'' (參豫朝政)) *

(629–632 (as ''Canyu Chaozheng''), 636–642 (as ''Canyi Deshi'' (參議得失))) * Xiao Yu (630 (as ''Canyi Chaozheng'' (參議朝政)), 635–636 (as ''Canyu Chaozheng'')) * Dai Zhou (630–633) (as ''Canyu Chaozheng) * Hou Junji (630–632, 632–643) (as ''Canyu Chaozheng'') * Li Jing (634) (as ''Pingzhang Zhengshi'' (平章政事)) * Liu Ji (639–644) (as ''Canzhi Zhengshi'' (參知政事)) * Cen Wenben (642–644) (as ''Zhuandian Jimi'' (專典機密))

Chancellors de facto of the first grade

The office was created in 643. The titles, as modified from time to time to reflect the names in changes of the legislative and examination bureaus, included: * ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin'' (同中書門下三品) (643–662) * ''Tong Dong Xi Tai Sanpin'' (同東西臺三品) (662–672) * ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin'' (672–684) * ''Tong Fengge Luantai Sanpin'' (同鳳閣鸞臺三品) (684–705) * ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin'' (705–713) * ''Tong Ziwei Huangmen Sanpin'' (同紫微黃門三品) (713–720) * ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin'' (720–738) * Xiao Yu (643–646) *

(643–649, 650–670) *

(643–647) *

(649–659) *

(651–652) * Liu Shi (651–652) * Gao Jifu (651–653) *

(651–659) *

(652–655) *

(652–655) * Du Zhenglun (656–657) *

(656) *

(659) *

Ren Yaxiang Ren or REN may refer to: Abbreviations * Orenburg Tsentralny Airport, IATA code REN, civil airport in Russia * Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), Portuguese company * Renanthera, abbreviated as Ren, orchid genus * Ringer equivalence number (R ...

(659–662) *

(659–662, 662–663) *

Lu Chengqing Lu Chengqing (盧承慶) (595–670), courtesy name Ziyu (子餘), formally Duke Ding of Fanyang (范陽定公), was a Chinese politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Background Lu Chengqin ...

(659–660) *

(662–670) * Shangguan Yi (662–665) *

Le Yanwei Le Yanwei (樂彥瑋) (died 676), courtesy name Degui (德珪), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Le Yanwei was from the Tang capital Chang'an. As of 656, he was serving ...

(665) *

Sun Chuyue Sun Chuyue (Chinese: 孫處約) (died 664?), alternative name Sun Maodao (孫茂道) and/or Sun Daomao (孫道茂), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang. During Empe ...

(665) * Jiang Ke (665–668) * Yang Hongwu (667–668) *

(667–675) * Li Anqi (667) * Zhao Renben (667–670) *

(669–678) *

(669–670, 670–676) *

(669–679) *

(672–675, 681–683) * Lai Heng (676–678) *

(676–681) *

Li Yiyan Li Yiyan (李義琰) (died 688) was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Background It is not known when Li Yiyan was born. His family was from Wei Prefecture (魏州, part of mod ...

(676–683) *

Gao Zhizhou Gao Zhizhou (高智周; 602–683) was a Chinese politician of the Tang dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Gao Zhizhou was born in 602, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui, the founding emperor of Tang's prede ...

(676–679) *

Zhang Da'an Zhang Da'an (張大安) (died 684) was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. Zhang Da'an was one of the sons of Zhang Gongjin (張公謹), a key follower of Li Shimin (the eventual E ...

(677–680) *

(680) *

(680–681) *

(683–686, 690–691) * Guo Daiju (683–684) * Wei Xuantong (683–687) *

Wei Hongmin Wei Hongmin (韋弘敏) was briefly a 7th-century chancellor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, during the first reigns of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong (both of whom reigned twice). Very little is known about Wei Hongmin's life or career, a ...

(684) *

Liu Yizhi Liu Yizhi (劉禕之) (631 – June 22, 687), courtesy name Ximei (希美), was a Chinese politician of the Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. He was initially a trusted advisor of Emperor Ruizong's powe ...

(684–687) *

(684, 685, 690–692, 697) *

(684–685) * Wei Siqian (685–686) *

(685) *

Wei Fangzhi Wei Fangzhi (Chinese: 韋方質) (died November 30, 690Volume 204 of the ''Zizhi Tongjian'' recorded that Wei was killed on the ''dingmao'' day of the 10th month of the 1st year of the Tianshou era of Wu Zetian's reign. This date corresponds to 30 N ...

(685–690) *

(685–686) * Su Liangsi (686–690) *

Wang Benli Wang Benli (王本立) (died 4 February 690) was a Chinese military general and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. Background Little is known about Wang Benli's career before his ...

(689–690) *

Wang Xiaojie Wang Xiaojie (王孝傑) (died February 8, 697), formally the Duke of Geng (耿國公), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving in campaigns against Tibet, Eastern Turks, and ...

(694–696) *

(697, 705) * Doulu Qinwang (697–698, 699–700) * Wu Youning (698–699) *

(701–703, 705) *

Su Weidao Su Weidao (; 648?–705?Su Weidao's biographies in the ''Old Book of Tang'' and the ''New Book of Tang'' both stated that he died at the age of 57, shortly after he was made the secretary general at Yi Prefecture for the second time. The ''Old Bo ...

(702–704) *

Li Jiongxiu Li Jiongxiu (李迥秀), courtesy name Maozhi (茂之), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. Background It is not known when Li Jiongxiu wa ...

(702–704) *

(704, 709–710) * Li Jiao (704, 706–707, 709–710) * Yao Chong (704–705, 710, 713) * Li Dan (705) * Zhang Jianzhi (705) * Yuan Shuji (705) *

(705, 709) *

Zhu Qinming Zhu Qinming (祝欽明), courtesy name Wensi (文思), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor under Emperor Zhongzong. He was a renowned Confucian scholar but was later disgraced after ...

(705–706) *

(705, 711) * Li Huaiyuan (705–706, 706) *

(705, 709–710) * Wei Juyuan (705, 706–707, 709–710) *

(707–709) *

(707) *

(707–709) * Zhang Renyuan (708–710) *

Wei Wen Wei Wen (韋溫) (died July 24, 710) was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Zhongzong's son Emperor Shang. He was trusted by Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empr ...

(709–710) *

(709–710) * Zhang Xi (710) * Pei Tan (710) *

Li Longji Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, reigning from 712 to 756 CE. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. In the ear ...

(710) *

(710–711) *

(711–712) *

(711–712, 712–713) *

Lu Xiangxian Lu Xiangxian (陸象先) (665–736), né Lu Jingchu (陸景初), formally Duke Wenzhen of Yan (兗文貞公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor R ...

(712–713) *

(712, 712–713) *

(712) * Liu Youqiu (712, 713) *

Guo Yuanzhen Guo Yuanzhen (郭元振; 656–713), formal name Guo Zhen () but went by the courtesy name of Yuanzhen, was an official, general, and diplomat of Tang and Zhou China, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzo ...

(713) *

Xue Na Xue Ne (, 649–720, courtesy name 慎言 ''Shènyán'', formally Duke Zhaoding of Pingyang 平陽昭定公), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Tang dynasty and of Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor and major gen ...

(714) * Zhang Shuo (721–723) * Wang Jun (723) *

(734–736) * Niu Xianke (736–738) * Li Lin (757–758)

Chancellors de facto of the second grade

The office was created in 682. The titles, as modified from time to time to reflect the names in changes of the legislative and examination bureaus, included: * ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi'' (同中書門下平章事) (682–684) * ''Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi'' (同鳳閣鸞臺平章事) (684–705) * ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi'' (705–713) * ''Tong Ziwei Huangmen Pingzhangshi'' (同紫微黃門平章事) (713–720) * ''Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi'' (720–907) It was often referred to in brief as ''Tong Pingzhangshi'' (同平章事). * Guo Daiju (682–683) *

(682–683) *

Guo Zhengyi Guo Zhengyi () (died September 10, 689) was a Chinese politician of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong and the regency of Emperor Gaozong's powerful wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian) over ...

(682–683) * Wei Xuantong (682–683) *

(682–683) *

Li Jingchen Li Jingchen (李景諶) was briefly a chancellor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. Little is known about Li Jingchen's career before or after his brief stint as chancellor, as, atypical for a chancellor, he di ...

(684) *

Shen Junliang Shen Junliang (沈君諒) was briefly a chancellor of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. Little is known about Shen Junliang's career before or after his brief stint as chancellor, as, atypical for a chanc ...

(684–685) *

Cui Cha Cui Cha (崔詧) (died 689) was briefly a chancellor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. Little is known about Cui Cha's career before his brief stint as chancellor, as, atypical for a chancellor, he did not hav ...

(684–685) *

(684–685) * Zhang Guangfu (687–689) *

(688) *

(688–689) *

Fan Lübing Fàn Lübing (范履冰, died March 26, 690) was a Chinese politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as chancellor during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong. He was a member of the elite Fàn family. During Emperor Gaozong's reign It is not k ...

(689–690) *

Fu Youyi Fu Youyi (傅遊藝) (died August 24, 691), known as Wu Youyi (武遊藝) during the reign of Wu Zetian, was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor briefly after she took the throne in ...

(690–691) *

Le Sihui Le Sihui (樂思晦) (died 691) was an official during Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor. It is not known when Le Sihui was born. His father Le Yanwei served as chancellor during the reign of Wu Zetian's husband Emperor Gaoz ...

(691) *

Ren Zhigu Ren or REN may refer to: Abbreviations * Orenburg Tsentralny Airport, IATA code REN, civil airport in Russia * Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), Portuguese company * Renanthera, abbreviated as Ren, orchid genus * Ringer equivalence number ...

(691–692) *

Ge Fuyuan Ge Fuyuan (格輔元; died November 7, 691) was a Chinese politician of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. It is not known when Ge Fuyuan was born, but it is known that he was fr ...

(691) *

Pei Xingben Pei Xingben (裴行本) was a Chinese politician of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor. Despite Pei's high status, little is firmly established about his background or career except for the time that he served as chancellor—a ...

(691–692) *

(691–692, 697–698) * Yang Zhirou (692) * Li Youdao (692) * Yuan Zhihong (692) * Cui Shenji (692) * Cui Yuanzong (692–694) *

(692–694) *

(692) * Li Yuansu (692, 694–696) *

Wang Xuan Wang Xuan (; February 5, 1937 – February 13, 2006), born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, was a Chinese computer scientist. He was a computer application specialist and innovator of the Chinese printing industry, as well as an academician at both the Chinese ...

(692) *

(693–696, 697) * Wei Juyuan (693–694) * Lu Yuanfang (693–694, 699–700) *

(694–694, 698–704) *

Wei Shifang Wei Shifang (韋什方) (died 695), also known as Wu Shifang (武什方), was briefly a chancellor during Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty. Rise to top Wei Shifang had a highly unusual rise to his position. As of 694, Wu Zetian was said to be attracted ...

(694) *

(694–699) * Du Jingjian (694, 697–698) * Zhou Yunyuan (694–695) *

Sun Yuanheng Sun Yuanheng (孫元亨) (died October 26, 696) was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor. Despite Sun's high status, little is firmly established about his career except for the time that he served as chancellor— ...

(696–696) *

Wang Fangqing Wang Fangqing (王方慶) (died 702), formal name Wang Lin (王綝) but went by the courtesy name of Fangqing,''New Book of Tang'', vol. 72, part 2. formally Duke Zhen of Shiquan (石泉貞公), was a Chinese politician during the Tang Dynasty and ...

(696–698) * Li Daoguang (696–698) *

(697–698, 704) * Doulu Qinwang (697–698, 705–709) * Yao Chong (698–704) * Li Jiao (698–700, 703) *

Ji Xu Ji Xu () was a Chinese politician during Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor. Background It is not known when Ji Xu was born, but it is known that he was from the Zhou capital Luoyang. He was said to be tall, good at hiding ...

(699–700) *

(699–701) * Wang Jishan (699) * Zhang Xi (700–701) *

(700–704) * Li Huaiyuan (701) * Gu Cong (701–702) *

(701–702) *

Zhu Jingze Zhu Jingze (朱敬則; 635–709), courtesy name Shaolian (), was an official of China's Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. Background Zhu Jingze was born in 635, during the reign of Empe ...

(703–704) *

(703–705) *

(704–705) * Zhang Jianzhi (704–705) * Fang Rong (704–705) *

Wei Chengqing Wei Chengqing (韋承慶; 640?–706?Wei Chengqing's biographies in the ''Old Book of Tang'' and ''New Book of Tang'' imply, but do not state for certain, that he died in 706 and did not give a birth date or death age for him. See ''Old Book of ...

(704–705) * Yuan Shuji (705) * Yu Weiqian (706–707) *

(709, 710) * Zhao Yanzhao (709–710) * Zheng Yin (709) *

(710) *

Zhang Jiafu Zhang Jiafu (張嘉福) (died July 25, 710) was a Chinese politician of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Shang. Despite Zhang's high status, little is firmly established about ...

(710) *

(711) * Zhang Shuo (711) *

(711) *

(711–712) *

(713–715) * Yuan Qianyao (716, 720) *

Su Ting Su Ting (蘇頲; 680 – July 31, 737), courtesy name Tingshuo (廷碩),According to the biographies of Su Ting's father Su Gui in the ''Old Book of Tang'' and the ''New Book of Tang'', Su Gui's courtesy name was Changrong (昌容), but according to ...

(716–720) *

(720) *

Li Yuanhong Li Yuanhong (; courtesy name Songqing 宋卿) (October 19, 1864 – June 3, 1928) was a Chinese politician during the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China. He was the president of the Republic of China between 1916 and 1917, and between 1922 ...

(726–729) * Du Xian (726–729) *

(728–729) *

(729–730) *

Yuwen Rong Yuwen Rong () (d. 730 or 731) was a Tang dynasty politician, serving as a chancellor for 100 days during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. He was said to be the first official during Emperor Xuanzong's reign who became powerful on account of his abi ...

(729) *

(733) *

Han Xiu Han Xiu () (672–739), courtesy name Liangshi (良士),''New Book of Tang'', vol. 73. formally Viscount Wenzhong of Yiyang (宜陽文忠子), was a Chinese politician during the Tang Dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor during the reign of Empero ...

(733) *

(746–747) *

(754–757) * Cui Yuan (756–757) *

Fang Guan Fang Guan (房琯) (697 – September 15, 763), courtesy name Cilü (次律), formally the Duke of Qinghe (清河公), was a Chinese politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xuanzong and Emperor Suzo ...

(756–757) * Pei Mian (756–757, 769) *

Cui Huan Cui Huan (崔渙) (died January 14, 769) was a Chinese politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor briefly during the reign of Emperor Suzong—although he was commissioned by Emperor Suzong's father Emperor Xuanzong, not Emperor ...

(756–757) * Li Lin (756–757) * Zhang Gao (757–758) * Miao Jinqing (757) * Wang Yu (758–759) *

Lü Yin Lü Yin (呂諲) (712–762), formally Count Su of Xuchang (須昌肅伯), was a Chinese military general and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Suzong. Historians often regarded him as being m ...

(759, 759–760) * Li Xian (759, 763–764) * Li Kui (759–761) *

Diwu Qi Diwu Qi (第五琦) (712''New Book of Tang''vol. 149. or 713''Old Book of Tang''vol. 123. – September 19, 782Diwu Qi's biographies in the ''Old Book of Tang'' and the ''New Book of Tang'' did not give a death date for him, and disagreed as to deat ...

(759) * Xiao Hua (761–762) * Pei Zunqing (761–763) *

Yuan Zai Yuan Zai (元載) (713 – May 10, 777), courtesy name Gongfu (公輔), formally Duke Huang of Yingchuan (潁川荒公) and then Duke Chengzong of Yingchuan (潁川成縱公), Duke Zhong of Yingchuan (潁川忠公), was a Chinese economist, histori ...

(762–777) * Liu Yan (763–764) * Wang Jin (764–777) *

Du Hongjian Du Hongjian () (709 – December 13, 769), courtesy name Zhisun (), formally Duke Wenxian of Wei (), was a Chinese Buddhist monk and politician during the Tang dynasty who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Daizong. He was known, a ...

(764–769) *

Yang Wan Yang Wan (; died August 27, 777), courtesy name Gongquan (公權), was a Chinese historian, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Daizong. He was known for his frugality, and it w ...

(777) *

Chang Gun Chang Gun (常袞) (729–783), formally the Duke of He'nei (河內公), was an official of the History of China, Chinese Tang dynasty, Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor of Tang Dynasty, chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Daizong of Tang, E ...

(777–779) * Li Zhongchen (779–784) *

Cui Youfu Cui Youfu (崔祐甫) (721 – July 7, 780), courtesy name Yisun (貽孫), was a Chinese politician. He served as a chancellor briefly early during the reign of Emperor Dezong. He was credited for governing in an effective manner and guiding Empe ...

(779–780) * Qiao Lin (779) * Yang Yan (779–781) * Lu Qi (781–783) * Zhang Yi (781–782) * Guan Bo (782–784) *

Xiao Fu Xiao Fu (; 732 – June 23, 788), courtesy name Lüchu (履初), was a Chinese politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong. Background Xiao Fu was born in 732, during the reign of Emperor Xua ...

(783–784) * Liu Congyi (783–785) * Jiang Gongfu (783–784) *

Lu Han Lu Han (Chinese: 鹿晗, born April 20, 1990), also known mononymously as Luhan, is a Chinese singer and actor. He was a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group Exo and its sub-group Exo-M, before leaving the group in October 2014. Tha ...

(784–786) *

Li Mian Li Mian (; 717 – September 14, 788), courtesy name Xuanqing (玄卿), formally Duke Zhenjian of Qian (汧貞簡公), was a Chinese judge, military general, musician, poet, and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during t ...

(784–786) * Zhang Yanshang (785, 787) * Liu Zi (786–787) * Cui Zao (786) * Qi Ying (786–787) *

Han Huang Han Huang () (723 – March 17, 787), courtesy name Taichong (太沖), formally Duke Zhongsu of Jin (晉忠肅公), was a Chinese economist and politician of the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of the Emperor Dezong. He was ...

(786–787) * Liu Hun (787) * Li Mi (787–789) *

Dou Can Dou Can or Dou Shen (; 734–793), courtesy name Shizhong (時中), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong. He was known for being a capable judge before becoming chancellor, but w ...

(789–792) *

Dong Jin Dong Jin (; 724 – March 13, 799), courtesy name Huncheng (混成), was an official and general of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of the Emperor Dezong. Background Dong Jin was born in 724, during the reign ...

(789–793) * Zhao Jing (792–796) * Lu Zhi (792–794) * Jia Dan (793–805) *

Lu Mai Lu Mai (盧邁) (739 – August 11, 798), courtesy name Zixuan (子玄), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong. Background Lu Mai was born in 739, during the reign of Emperor Xua ...

(793–797) * Cui Sun (796–803) * Zhao Zongru (796–798) *

Zheng Yuqing Zheng Yuqing (鄭餘慶) (746 – January 2, 821), courtesy name Juye (居業), formally Duke Zhen of Yingyang (滎陽貞公), was a Chinese politician, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Dezong and Emperor Dezong's grandson Emper ...

(798–800, 805–806) * Qi Kang (800–803) *

Du You Du You () (735 – December 23, 812), courtesy name Junqing (), formally Duke Anjian of Qi (), was a Chinese historian, military general, and politician. He served as chancellor of the Tang Dynasty. Du was born to an eminent aristocratic family in ...

(803–812) *

Gao Ying Gao Ying (高郢) (740Both Gao Ying's biographies in the ''Old Book of Tang'' and the ''New Book of Tang'' indicated that he was 71 years old at his death in 811, which would indicate that he was born in 740. However, the ''Old Book of Tang'' also ...

(803–805) *

Zheng Xunyu Zheng Xunyu (鄭珣瑜) (738 – December 11, 805), courtesy name Yuanbo (元伯), was a Chinese judge and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Dezong and Emperor Shunzong. Background Zheng Xu ...

(803–805) *

Wei Zhiyi Wei Zhiyi (韋執誼) was a Chinese historian and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor in 805, during the brief reign of Emperor Shunzong and then briefly into the reign of Emperor Shunzong's son Emperor Xianzong. He ...

(805) *

Du Huangchang Du Huangchang (杜黃裳) (738 or 739Du Huangchang's biographies in the ''Old Book of Tang'' and ''New Book of Tang'' disagree as to his age at death — the ''Old Book of Tang'' gave his age at death as 70, while the ''New Book of Tang'' gave it as ...

(805–807) * Yuan Zi (805) * Zheng Yin (805–809) *

Wu Yuanheng Wu Yuanheng (; 758 – July 13, 815), courtesy name Bocang (伯蒼), formally Duke Zhongmin of Linhuai (臨淮忠湣公), was a Chinese military general, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Em ...

(807, 813–815) *

Li Jifu Li Jifu () (758 – November 18, 814), courtesy name Hongxian (), formally Duke Zhongyi of Zhao (), was a Chinese cartographer, historian, and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. Backg ...

(807–808, 811–814) *

Yu Di Yu Di (; died 818), courtesy name Yunyuan (允元), formally initially Duke Li of Yan () and later Duke Si of Yan (), was a Chinese diplomat, military general, politician, and warlord during the Tang dynasty. He was a powerful warlord at the end ...

(808–813) * Pei Ji (808–810) * Li Fan (809–811) * Quan Deyu (810–813) * Li Jiang (811–814) *

Zhang Hongjing Zhang Hongjing () (760 – July 24, 824), courtesy name Yuanli (), formally the Marquess of Gaoping (), was an official of the Tang dynasty of China, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. He was blamed in traditional histo ...

(814–816) * Wei Guanzhi (814–816) *

(815–819, 822, 826–830) *

Li Fengji Li Fengji (; 758 – February 27, 835), courtesy name Xuzhou (虛舟), formally Duke Cheng of Zheng (鄭成公) or Duke Cheng of Liang (涼成公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of E ...

(816–817, 822–826) * Wang Ya (816–818, 833–835) *

Cui Qun Cui Qun (崔群) (772 – August 30, 832''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 17, part 2.), courtesy name Dunshi (敦詩), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. Background Cui Q ...

(817–819) * Li Yong (817–818) *

Li Yijian Li Yijian () (756 – October 13, 822''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 16.), courtesy name Yizhi (), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. Background Li Yijian was born in 756 ...

(818) *

Huangfu Bo Huangfu Bo (皇甫鎛) (died 820) was a Chinese economist and politician. He served as an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. He was viewed by traditional historians as a wicked offici ...

(818–820) * Cheng Yi (818–819) *

Linghu Chu Linghu Chu () (766 – December 18, 837), courtesy name Keshi (), formally Duke Wen of Pengyang (), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong and (briefly) Emperor Xianzong's son Em ...

(819–820) * Xiao Mian (820–821) * Duan Wenchang (820–821) *

Cui Zhi Cui Zhi () (772 – March 2, 829''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 17, part 1.), courtesy name Gongxiu (公修), was an official of the Tang dynasty of China, serving as a chancellor during the reign of the Emperor Muzong. Both he and his cousin Cui Ling ...

(820–822) * Du Yuanying (821–823) * Wang Bo (821–822, 827–830) * Yuan Zhen (822) * Niu Sengru (823–825, 830–832) * Li Cheng (824–826) *

Dou Yizhi Dou Yizhi () (died April 29, 833Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.), courtesy name Zongxuan (), formally Duke Gonghui of Jinyang (), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of ...

(824–828) * Wei Chuhou (826–828) *

Lu Sui Lu Sui (路隨 or 路隋) (776 – August 16, 835Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.), courtesy name Nanshi (), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wenzong. Backgroun ...

(828–835) * Li Zongmin (829–833, 834–835) * Song Shenxi (830–831) *

Li Deyu Li Deyu (; 787 – January 26, 850Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 174.), courtesy name Wenrao (), formally the Duke of Wei (), was a Chinese poet, politician, and writer during the Tang Dynasty, serv ...

(833–834, 840–846) * Jia Su (835) *

Li Guyan Li Guyan (李固言), courtesy name Zhongshu (仲樞), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving two terms as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wenzong. Background and early career It is not clear when Li Guyan was born.The Chine ...

(835, 836–837) * Shu Yuanyu (835) * Li Xun (835) * Zheng Tan (835–839) * Li Shi (835–838) * Chen Yixing (837–839, 841–842) * Yang Sifu (838–840) * Li Jue (838–840) * Cui Dan (839–841) *

Cui Gong Cui Gong (崔珙) (died 854), formally the Duke of Anping (安平公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wuzong. Background It is not known when Cui Gong was born. He was fr ...

(840–843) *

Li Shen Li Shen () (died July 29, 846''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 248.), courtesy name Gongchui (), formally Duke Wensu of Zhao (), was a Chinese historian, military general, poet, and politician of the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign ...

(842–844) * Li Rangyi (842–846) *

Cui Xuan Cui Xuan (), courtesy name Taishuo (), formally the Duke of Wei (), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving two terms as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Wuzong and Emperor Wuzong's uncle Emperor Xuānzong. Backgrou ...

(843–845, 849–855) *

Du Cong Du Cong () (c. 794?-873?''New Book of Tang'', vol. 166.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 252.), courtesy name Yongyu (), formally the Duke of Bin (), was an official of the Tang dynasty of China, serving two terms as chancellor during the reigns of Empero ...

(844–845, 861–863) * Li Hui (Tang dynasty) (845–846) * Zheng Su (845–846) * Bai Minzhong (846–851) * Lu Shang (846–847) *

Cui Yuanshi Cui Yuanshi (崔元式) (died 848?''New Book of Tang'', vol. 160.'' Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 248.Cui Yuanshi was said to have been removed from his chancellor office in 848 due to illness and had died soon thereafter, implying that he died in 848, b ...

(847–848) *

Wei Cong Wei Cong (韋琮), courtesy name Liyu (禮玉), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong (reigned 846 – 859). Background and early career It is not known when Wei Cong w ...

(847–848) * Ma Zhi (848–849) *

Zhou Chi Zhou Chi () (793 – March 23, 851Du Mu, '' Epitaph of the Tang Deceased ''Jiedushi'' of Dongchuan Circuit, Acting ''You Pushe'', ''Yushi Daifu'', Posthumously-Honored ''Situ'', Lord Zhou.''), courtesy name Desheng (), formally the Baron of Ru'nan ...

(848–849) *

Wei Fu Wei Fu (; died July 14, 850''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 249.), courtesy name Xiangzhi (相之), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. Very little is known about Wei's background ...

(849–850) *

Cui Guicong Cui Guicong (崔龜從), courtesy name Xuangao (玄告), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. Background and early career It is not known when Cui Guicong was born. ...

(850–851) *

Linghu Tao Linghu Tao (), courtesy name Zizhi (), formally the Duke of Zhao (), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. He was the leading chancellor during the last nine years of the reign of Emperor Xuānzong, but was removed from his chancel ...

(850–859) *

Wei Mo Wei Mo (魏謩''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 176. or 魏謨''New Book of Tang'', vol. 97.) (793–858), courtesy name Shenzhi (申之), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. Back ...

(851–857) *

Pei Xiu Pei Xiu (224–271), courtesy name Jiyan, was a Chinese cartographer, geographer, politician, and writer of the state of Cao Wei during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. He was very much trusted by Sima Zhao, and ...

(852–856) *

Zheng Lang Zheng Lang () (died 857), courtesy name Yourong (), was a Chinese historian and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. Background and early career It is not known when Zheng Lang was bo ...

(856–857) * Cui Shenyou (856–858) * Xiao Ye (857–859) * Liu Zhuan (858) *

Xiahou Zi Xiahou Zi (), courtesy name Haoxue (好學), formally the Duke of Qiao Commandery (譙郡公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving two terms as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xuānzong and Emperor Xuānzong's son Empe ...

(858–860, 862–864) * Jiang Shen (858–862) * Du Shenquan (859–863) *

Bi Xian Bi Xian (; 802 – February 4, 864Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 177.), courtesy name Cunzhi (), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Em ...

(860–863) *

Yang Shou Yang Shou (; died April 11, 868Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 177.), courtesy name Cangzhi (), formally Baron of Jinyang (), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancel ...

(863–866) * Cao Que (863–870) * Xiao Zhi (864–865) * Lu Yan (864–871) * Gao Qu (865) *

Xu Shang Xu Shang (徐商), courtesy name Yisheng (義聲) or Qiuqing (秋卿), formally Viscount of Dongguan (東莞子), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Yizong of Tang. Background It is n ...

(865–869) *

Yu Cong Yu Cong (于琮) (died 881), courtesy name Liyong (禮用), was an official of the History of China, Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor of Tang Dynasty, chancellor during the reign of his brother-in-law Emperor Yizong of Tang, Em ...

(867–872) * Liu Zhan (869–870, 874) * Wei Baoheng (870–873) *

(870–873, 877–879) * Liu Ye (871–874) *

Zhao Yin Zhao Yin (, died 881),''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 19, part 2. courtesy name Dayin (大隱), formally the Count of Tianshui (天水伯), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Yizong and Em ...

(872–874) * Xiao Fang (873–875) * Pei Tan (874) * Cui Yanzhao (874–877) *

Zheng Tian Zheng Tian (, 821?'' New Book of Tang'', vol. 185./825?'' Old Book of Tang'', vol. 178.–883?), courtesy name Taiwen (), formally Duke Wenzhao of Xingyang (), was a chancellor of late Tang Dynasty, serving two terms as chancellor during the r ...

(874–878, 882–883) *

Lu Xi Lu Xie (盧攜) (died January 8, 881Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 254.), courtesy name Zisheng (子升), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving two terms as a chancellor during ...

(874–878, 879–880) * Li Wei (875–878) * Doulu Zhuan (878–880) *

Cui Hang Cui Hang (崔沆) (died January 24, 881), courtesy name Neirong (內融), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xizong. When the agrarian rebel Huang Chao captured the Tang capit ...

(878–880) *

(878–880, 883–886) * Wang Hui (880–881) *

Pei Che Pei Che (裴澈) (died April 6, 887Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''New Book of Tang''vol. 63.), courtesy name Shenyuan (深源), was an official of the late Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor X ...

(880–881, 883–887) *

Xiao Gou Xiao Gou () (died April 6, 887Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''New Book of Tang''vol. 63.), courtesy name Desheng (得聖), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of the Emperor X ...

(881–887) * Zheng Changtu (886Zheng Changtu is not listed in the official list of Tang chancellors in the ''New Book of Tang'' because he served under the pretender Li Yun.) * Wei Zhaodu (881–887, 893–895) * Kong Wei (886–891, 895) * Du Rangneng (886–893) * Zhang Jun (887–891) *

Liu Chongwang Liu Chongwang (劉崇望) (c. 839?-July 30, 900?''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 20, part 1.Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar ConverterThe death date listed here is according to the chronicles of Emperor Zhaozong's reign in the ''Old Book of Ta ...

(889–892) *

Cui Zhaowei Cui Zhaowei (崔昭緯) (d. 896), courtesy name Yunyao (蘊曜), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. According to traditional histories, he was disloyal to Emperor Zhaozong and ...

(891–895) * Xu Yanruo (891–893, 894–900) *

Zheng Yanchang Zheng Yanchang (), courtesy name Guangyuan (), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong in the 9th century. Background It is not known when Zheng Yanchang was born. His family was ...

(892–894) *

(893–895, 895–896, 896–899, 900–901, 903–904) *

Zheng Qi Zheng Qi (; died 899), courtesy name Yunwu (蘊武), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor in 894 during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. He was known for writing poems filled with puns (''xiehouyu'') that sat ...

(894) * Li Xi (894, 895) *

Lu Xisheng Lu Xisheng (陸希聲) (d. 895) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. Background It is not known when Lu Xisheng was born. His family claimed ancestry from the ...

(895) *

Wang Tuan Wang Tuan (王摶) (died July 12, 900''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 262.Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter), courtesy name Zhaoyi (昭逸), formally the Duke of Lu (魯公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving ...

(895–896, 896–900) * Sun Wo (895–897) * Lu Yi (896, 899–903) *

Zhu Pu Zhu Pu (朱朴) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving briefly from 896 to 897 as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. Emperor Zhaozong made him chancellor after he made assurances that he would be able to make ...

(896–897) * Cui Yuan (896–900, 904–905) * Pei Zhi (900–903) * Wang Pu (901–903) * Pei Shu (901, 903–905) * Wei Yifan (902, 902) * Su Jian (902–903) *

Dugu Sun Dugu Sun () (died July 5, 905''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 265.Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter), courtesy name Yousun (又損),''New Book of Tang'', vol. 75. was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor duri ...

(903–905) *

Liu Can Liu Can (died 318), courtesy name Shiguang, Posthumous name (as given by Jin Zhun) Emperor Yin of Han (Zhao), was an emperor of the Xiongnu-led Han Zhao dynasty of China, who reigned briefly in 318 before being killed by his trusted father-in-law ...

(904–905) * Zhang Wenwei (905–907) *

Yang She Yang She (楊涉), courtesy name Wenchuan (文川), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Tang's successor Later Liang, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Tang's final emperor Emperor Ai and Later Liang's both commonly recogni ...

(905–907)

Chancellors de facto of the third grade

The office recurred as variations of the pre-formalization titles, even after formalization of the chancellors de facto offices of the first and second grades, but did not regularly recur after 713. Liu Youqiu, who held the title as ''Zhi Junguo Zhongshi'', was the last person to hold any variation of the title as chancellor as a regular title, although

would hold the title of ''Pingzhang Junguo Zhongshi'' (平章軍國重事) briefly in 830. Toward the end of the dynasty,

Li Zhirou Li Zhirou (李知柔) (died 900), formally the Prince of Xue (薛王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor in 895 during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, to whom he was a distant relative. Backgroun ...

was briefly put temporarily in charge of the Office of the Chancellors in 895 with the designation ''Quanzhi Zhongshu Shi'' (權知中書事) and therefore could be regarded as a chancellor as well (and was listed in the table of chancellors in the ''New Book of Tang''); similarly, Lu Guangqi went through two similar titles. *

Zhang Liang Zhang Liang is the romanization of common names like 張良, 張亮 and 張梁. 張良 * Zhang Liang (Western Han) (died 189 BC), early Han dynasty strategist ** Zhang Liang, an animation character from the animated TV series ''The Legend of Qin'' ...

(643–646) (as ''Canyu Chaozheng'' (參豫朝政)) *

(644–647, 648) (as ''Canyu Chaozheng'') *

(645)Xu Jingzong, Gao Jifu, and Zhang Xingcheng were referred to as ''de facto'' chancellors by the ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 61, but this appeared to be a temporary measure during the Goguryeo campaign with Emperor Taizong out of Tang territory and Li Zhi in charge temporarily. Xu, Gao, Zhang (each of whom would be later made chancellor) were not again referred to as chancellors until they were made chancellors after Emperor Taizong's death, even though they were not explicitly removed. (as ''Tongzhang Jiwu'' (同掌機務)) * Gao Jifu (645) (as ''Tongzhang Jiwu'') *

(645) (as ''Tongzhang Jiwu'') * Cui Renshi (648) (as ''Canzhi Jiwu'' (參知機務)) *

(655–657) (as ''Canzhi Zhengshi'' (參知政事)) *

(659) (as ''Canzhi Zhengshi'') *

(665) (as ''Zhi Junguo Zhengshi'' (知軍國政事)) *

(665) (as ''Zhi Junguo Zhengshi'') *

(665–666) (as ''Zhi Zhengshi'' (知政事)) *

(667–669) (as ''Canzhi Zhengshi'') * Li Dan (710) (as ''Canmou Zhengshi'' (參謀政事)) * Liu Youqiu (710–711 (as ''Canyu Jiwu'' (參豫機務)), 713 (as ''Zhi Junguo Zhongshi'' (知軍國重事))) * Zhong Shaojing (710) (as ''Canyu Jiwu'') *

Xue Ji Xue Ji (; 649 – July 29, 713), courtesy name Sitong (嗣通), was a Chinese calligrapher, painter, and politician of the Tang dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Ruizong. He was considered one of the four greatest ...

(710) (as ''Canyu Jiwu'') *

Cui Riyong Cui Riyong 崔日用 (673–722), formally Duke Zhao of Qi 齊昭公, was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, briefly serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Ruizong. Background Cui Riyong w ...

(710) (as ''Canyu Jiwu'') *

(712) (as ''Junguo Zhongshi Yigong Pingzhang'' (軍國重事宜共平章)) *

(830) (as ''Pingzhang Junguo Zhongshi'') *

(895) as ''Quanzhi Zhongshu Shi'' (權知中書事) * Lu Guangqi (901 (as ''Quanju Dang Zhongshu Shi'' (權句當中書事)), 901–902 (as ''Canzhi Jiwu''))

References

Generally

* ''

Old Book of Tang The ''Old Book of Tang'', or simply the ''Book of Tang'', is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingd ...

'', vols
42
* ''

'', vols
46
6

https://web.archive.org/web/20120518034021/http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/table/form01.htm]
62
* ''

Edition'' of the ''

'', vol. 45, pp. 217–269. * Bo Yang, ''Outlines of the History of the Chinese'' (中國人史綱), vol. 2, pp. 499–503.

Specifically

{{Tang dynasty topics Tang dynasty chancellors, *

Origins

Organization

Early history

Name changes

Function

List of Tang chancellors

Heads of the Executive Bureau

Heads of the Legislative Bureau

Heads of the Examination Bureau

Chancellors de facto

Prior to formalization

Chancellors de facto of the first grade

Chancellors de facto of the second grade

Chancellors de facto of the third grade

See also

References

Generally

Specifically