Central Bi-Oceanic railway
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The Bioceanic Corridor (Portuguese: ''Corredor Bioceânico''; Spanish: ''Corredor Bioceánico'') is a rail project between
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
,
Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
,
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
and
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
. The project would join the port of Santos,
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
on the coast of the
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
with the port of
Iquique Iquique () is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. It has a population of 191, ...
and
Antofagasta Antofagasta () is a port city in northern Chile, about north of Santiago. It is the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region. According to the 2015 census, the city has a population of 402,669. After the Spanish American wars ...
,
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, on the coast of the
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contin ...
.


Project

In his trip to China in 2013, Bolivian president
Evo Morales Juan Evo Morales Ayma (; born 26 October 1959) is a Bolivian politician, trade union organizer, and former cocalero activist who served as the 65th president of Bolivia from 2006 to 2019. Widely regarded as the country's first president to c ...
discussed with
Xi Jinping Xi Jinping ( ; ; ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus as the paramount leader of China, ...
,
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader ...
, the possibility of building a railway to link the Atlantic with the Pacific through Brazil and Peru. The Chinese president requested a study of feasibility by 2014. The Spanish narrow gauge rail company,
FEVE Renfe Feve is a division of state-owned Spanish railway company Renfe Operadora. It operates most of Spain's of railway. This division of Renfe was previously a stand-alone company named FEVE (Ferrocarriles de Vía Estrecha,Law 11/1965 of ...
, was awarded a contract by the Bolivian government to prepare a technical feasibility study. The first studies were prepared by Spanish, French and Bolivian consultants and were to be delivered by June 2014. In August 2014, a mission from Bolivia sought financing from the Chinese government. The summit of the
Union of South American Nations The Union of South American Nations (USAN; es, links=no, Unión de Naciones Suramericanas, UNASUR; pt, links=no, União de Nações Sul-Americanas, UNASUL; nl, links=no, Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties, UZAN; French: ''Union des nations s ...
(Unasur) in December 2014, prioritised the project along with seven other regional integration projects. The project contemplates four baseline studies: the basic engineering design, the market study, the strategic study and the environmental study. The four studies would be complete by 31 December 2014. The Bolivian minister of Public Works, Services and House, Vladimir Sánchez, stated the first phase is to build the railroad; the second phase is to electrify the railroad, and a third phase is to have a double-track railroad. The project looks for 95% of the trade of the south and North of the Peru, as well as the integration to Brazil.


Changes at the project

In August 2017, the 2nd Expedition of the Latin American Integration Route took place, departing from
Campo Grande Campo Grande (, ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul in the Center-West region of the country. The city is nicknamed ''Cidade Morena'' ("Swarthy City" in Portuguese) because of the reddish-brown colour o ...
and covering its entire length to the Chilean ports of
Iquique Iquique () is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. It has a population of 191, ...
and
Antofagasta Antofagasta () is a port city in northern Chile, about north of Santiago. It is the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region. According to the 2015 census, the city has a population of 402,669. After the Spanish American wars ...
, the final stop. The route passed through 4 countries: Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile. The 1st Expedition traveled through Bolivia, to Chilean ports. Due to the recent history with the Bolivian government, it was decided that the route should follow via Paraguay and Argentina. The idea is that the corridor will be completed in 2022. Most of the work will be carried out by Paraguay, which will need to pave more than 600 km of its highways, which were still unpaved. The route will cover 2400 km between Campo Grande and Antofagasta. The route should reduce the travel time of exports from the Midwest of Brazil to Asia and Oceania (China, Japan, India, Australia) by up to 2 weeks. With the route, part of the Brazilian production, which currently leaves the country through the ports of Santos and
Paranaguá Paranaguá (''Great Round Sea'', in Tupi) is a city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. It is known for the Port of Paranaguá, which serves as both the sea link for Curitiba, to the west and the ca ...
, will be exported by Chilean ports at lower prices. In February 2022, Paraguay inaugurated 275 km of the road (about half of the route), connecting Carmelo Peralta ( Alto Paraguay), on the border with Brazil, to Loma Plata ( Boquerón), in the center of the country. Primer tramo del Corredor Bioceánico ya es una realidad que cambiará la historia del Chaco
/ref>


See also

* Brazil–Peru railway * Interoceanic Highway *
Rail transport in Bolivia The Bolivian rail network has had a peculiar development throughout its history. History Gauges All railways in Bolivia are now Metre gauge. The Antofagasta to Uyuni line was originally gauge. Maps File:Railway map of Bolivia 1942 ...
*
Rail transport in Brazil Rail transport in Brazil began in the 19th century and there were many different railway companies. The railways were nationalised under RFFSA (Rede Ferroviária Federal, Sociedade Anônima) in 1957. Between 1999 and 2007, RFFSA was broken u ...


References

{{Reflist, 2 Proposed railway lines in South America Proposed railway lines in Brazil Rail transport in Bolivia Rail transport in Brazil Rail transport in Peru Rail transport in South America International railway lines Mountain railways