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A cat lady is a cultural
archetype The concept of an archetype (; ) appears in areas relating to behavior, historical psychology, and literary analysis. An archetype can be any of the following: # a statement, pattern of behavior, prototype, "first" form, or a main model that ot ...
or
stock character A stock character, also known as a character archetype, is a fictional character in a work of art such as a novel, play, or a film whom audiences recognize from frequent recurrences in a particular literary tradition. There is a wide range of s ...
, most often depicted as a woman, a middle-aged or elderly
spinster ''Spinster'' is a term referring to an unmarried woman who is older than what is perceived as the prime age range during which women usually marry. It can also indicate that a woman is considered unlikely to ever marry. The term originally den ...
or
widow A widow (female) or widower (male) is a person whose spouse has died. Terminology The state of having lost one's spouse to death is termed ''widowhood''. An archaic term for a widow is "relict," literally "someone left over". This word can s ...
, who has many
cat The cat (''Felis catus'') is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from the wild members of ...
s. The term may be
pejorative A pejorative or slur is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or a disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a ...
, or it may be affectionately embraced.


Usage and association

Women who have cats have long been associated with the concept of
spinster ''Spinster'' is a term referring to an unmarried woman who is older than what is perceived as the prime age range during which women usually marry. It can also indicate that a woman is considered unlikely to ever marry. The term originally den ...
hood. In more recent decades, the concept of a cat lady has been associated with "romance-challenged (often career-oriented) women". Specifically, it has also been embraced by lesbians. A cat lady may also be an
animal hoarder Animal hoarding, sometimes called Noah syndrome, is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability. Compulsive hoarding can be char ...
who keeps large numbers of cats without having the ability to properly house or care for them. They may be ignorant about their situation, or generally unaware of their situation. People who are aware of it are not normally considered cat ladies. Depending on context, the ordinarily pejorative word "crazy" may be prepended to "cat lady" to indicate either a
pejorative A pejorative or slur is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or a disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a ...
or a humorous and affectionate label. Some writers, celebrities, and artists have challenged the gender-based "Crazy Cat Lady" stereotype, and embraced the term to mean an animal lover or rescuer who cares for one or multiple cats, and who is psychologically healthy. A 2019 study found no differences between cat owners and non-cat owners for anxiety, depression or experiences in relationships: "We suggest that our findings are, therefore, not consistent with a description of cat-owners as depressed, anxious or as having difficulty with human relationships." However, a separate 1983 study found that pet owners tended to score higher than non-owners on social sensitivity and interpersonal trust, though there was no appreciative difference between dog and cat owners.


Documentary

The documentary ''Cat Ladies'' (2009) tells the stories of four women whose lives became dedicated to their cats. The film was directed by Christie Callan-Jones and produced by Chocolate Box Entertainment, originally for TVOntario. It was an official selection at the 2009 Hot Docs Festival, Silverdocs Festival, and San Francisco's DocFest. Naftali Berrill, Ph.D., Director of the New York Center for Neuropsychology and Forensic Behavioral Science, told
AOL AOL (stylized as Aol., formerly a company known as AOL Inc. and originally known as America Online) is an American web portal and online service provider based in New York City. It is a brand marketed by the current incarnation of Yahoo! Inc. ...
Health, "These may be people who have a very hard time expressing themselves to other people. They may find the human need for affection is met most easily through a relationship with a pet." This devotion can sometimes signal mental or emotional issues such as depression.


''Toxoplasma gondii''

Some studies indicate a link between the parasite '' Toxoplasma gondii'', which sexually reproduces exclusively in cats, and numerous psychiatric conditions, including obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia, whereas other studies have showed that ''T. gondii'' is not a causative factor in later psychoses. The
compulsive hoarding Compulsive behavior is defined as performing an action persistently and repetitively. Compulsive behaviors could be an attempt to make obsessions go away. The act is usually a small, restricted and repetitive behavior, yet not disturbing in a pa ...
of cats, a symptom of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), has long been associated with "crazy cat ladies". Mass media has drawn on this stereotype to coin the term crazy cat lady syndrome to refer to the association between ''T. gondii'' and psychiatric conditions.


Notable examples

* Florence Nightingale had many cats named after famous public figures such as Gladstone and Bismarck. * Edith Ewing Bouvier and her daughter Edith Bouvier Beale had many cats living with them in their decrepit home
Grey Gardens ''Grey Gardens'' is a 1975 American documentary film by Albert and David Maysles. The film depicts the everyday lives of two reclusive, upper-class women, a mother and daughter both named Edith Beale, who lived in poverty at Grey Gardens, a de ...
. Reportedly, some 30 cats lived in the house by the time Little Edie sold it in 1979. * Bertha Rand was Winnipeg's notorious Cat Lady, who for years battled her neighbours and
city hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually house ...
to save her dozens of cats. Even years after her death, she still holds a place in Canadian popular culture.
Maureen Hunter Maureen Hunter (born 1948)Hunter, Maureen
in the Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia. is a
's play ''The Queen of Queen Street'' is based on Rand's life.


Cultural references

Cat ladies in popular culture include:


Television

* In the '' Adventures of Superman'' episode "Olsen's Millions" has
Jimmy Olsen Jimmy Olsen is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Olsen is most often portrayed as a young photojournalist working for the '' Daily Planet''. He is close friends with Lois Lane and Clark Kent, and ha ...
receiving a reward for rescuing a cat belonging to Mrs. Peabody (portrayed by Elizabeth Patterson), a Metropolis cat lady. * "Grandma Puggy" (portrayed by Steve Martin) is a widowed grandmother who had cats everywhere and whose hair got on the guests. She was also mentioned in a '' Saturday Night Live'' "
Wayne's World "Wayne's World" was originally a recurring sketch from the NBC television series ''Saturday Night Live''. It evolved from a segment titled "Wayne's Power Minute" (1987) on the CBC Television series '' It's Only Rock & Roll'', as the main charact ...
" sketch by Garth (portrayed by
Dana Carvey Dana Thomas Carvey (born June 2, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, impressionist, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his seven seasons as a cast member on ''Saturday Night Live'' from 1986 to 1993, which earned him fiv ...
) who trick-or-treated at the house of "some weird old lady who had about a gazillion cats and their hair got on my candy apple". * In '' Codename: Kids Next Door'', the Crazy Old Cat Lady (voiced by Grey DeLisle) is a half-human half-feline villain who lives with thousands of black and white cats and possesses the power to control them. * In the ''
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'', also referred to as ''CSI'' and ''CSI: Las Vegas'', is an American procedural forensics crime drama television series that ran on CBS from October 6, 2000, to September 27, 2015, spanning 15 seasons. This wa ...
'' episode "Cats in the Cradle", a cat lady named Ruth Elliot (portrayed by Ellen Geer) is revealed to have been murdered by a young girl named Jessica Trent (portrayed by
Courtney Jines Courtney Elizabeth Jines (born May 4, 1992) is an American actress, producer, and screenwriter. She is best known for her roles as Demetra in '' Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over'' and Amanda Wilkinson in ''Because of Winn-Dixie''. In 2012 Courtney foun ...
) after she and her sister Jackie (portrayed by
Jennette McCurdy Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy (born June 26, 1992) is an American writer, director, podcaster, singer and former actress. McCurdy's breakthrough role as Sam Puckett in the Nickelodeon sitcom ''iCarly'' (2007–2012) earned her various awards ...
) wanted a cat which Ruth was unwilling to part with as she considered it one of her children. *
Angela Martin Angela Noelle Schrute (née Martin; formerly Lipton) is a fictional character in the U.S. version of the television sitcom '' The Office,'' portrayed by actress Angela Kinsey. The character is based on Sheila from the original version of ''Th ...
is a character on ''
The Office ''The Office'' is a mockumentary sitcom created by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, first made in the United Kingdom, then Germany, and subsequently the United States. It has since been remade in ten other countries. The original ser ...
'' who is a cat lady. * In ''
The Simpsons ''The Simpsons'' is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer Simpson, Homer, Marge ...
'', the
Crazy Cat Lady The American animated television series ''The Simpsons'' contains a wide range of minor and supporting characters like co-workers, teachers, students, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, and even animals. The writ ...
(voiced by Tress MacNeille) is a recurring character whose real name is Eleanor Abernathy. * In the Disney Channel series ''
The Suite Life on Deck ''The Suite Life on Deck'' is an American teen sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26, 2008 to May 6, 2011. It is a sequel/ spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series ''The Suite Life of Zack & Cody''. The series follows twin ...
'', schoolteacher Emma Tutweiller ( Erin Cardillo) has 30 cats in her cabin. * Jefferson (portrayed by Tyler, The Creator) from the
Adult Swim Adult Swim (AS; stylized as dult swim'' and often abbreviated as s'') is an American adult-oriented night-time cable television channel that shares channel space with the basic cable network Cartoon Network and is programmed by its in-house ...
TV series ''
Loiter Squad ''Loiter Squad'' is an American adult sketch comedy television series for Adult Swim starring Tyler, the Creator, Jasper Dolphin, Taco Bennett, Earl Sweatshirt, and Lionel Boyce from the Los Angeles hip hop group Odd Future. The show regularly ...
'' is a cat person. * In '' Futurama'', Hattie McDoogal (voiced by Tress MacNeille) is an old woman who lives alone with her cats and often uses nonsense words and phrases, such as "kerjigger". She briefly serves as the landlady of Fry and Bender, and holds a single share of Planet Express, allowing her the decisive vote for its CEO. She has been married twice, surviving both of them, and often dates. She once hired Kif Kroker as a male escort. MacNeille also voices the Crazy Cat Lady on ''
The Simpsons ''The Simpsons'' is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer Simpson, Homer, Marge ...
''. * In ''
The Loud House ''The Loud House'' is an American animated television series created by Chris Savino that premiered on Nickelodeon on May 2, 2016. The series revolves around the chaotic everyday life of a boy named Lincoln Loud, who is the middle child and only s ...
'', Rita Loud's aunt Ruth (voiced by Grey DeLisle) is a cat lady. * In ''
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend ''Crazy Ex-Girlfriend'' is an American romantic musical comedy-drama television series that premiered on October 12, 2015, on The CW and ran for four seasons, ending on April 5, 2019. The series was created, written, and directed by Rachel Blo ...
'', the episode "Trent?!" features a musical number where the main character Rebecca and her friends make jokes about being cat ladies after Rebecca cuts off her sexual relationship.


Film

* In a key scene in ''
A Clockwork Orange ''A Clockwork Orange'' may refer to: * ''A Clockwork Orange'' (novel), a 1962 novel by Anthony Burgess ** ''A Clockwork Orange'' (film), a 1971 film directed by Stanley Kubrick based on the novel *** ''A Clockwork Orange'' (soundtrack), the film ...
'' (1971), the violent sociopath Alex DeLarge murders a paranoid cat lady, for which he is convicted and sentenced to a prison term during which he undergoes behavioral training to become a vastly different person. * In the
black comedy Black comedy, also known as dark comedy, morbid humor, or gallows humor, is a style of comedy that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo, particularly subjects that are normally considered serious or painful to discus ...
'' The End'' (1978), Sally Field portrays
Burt Reynolds Burton Leon Reynolds Jr. (February 11, 1936 – September 6, 2018) was an American actor, considered a sex symbol and icon of 1970s American popular culture. Reynolds first rose to prominence when he starred in television series such as '' ...
' distracted cat lady girlfriend Mary Ellen, who is too absorbed in her feline pets to react to Burt's news that he is dying. * In a scene in Tim Burton's ''
Batman Returns ''Batman Returns'' is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and written by Daniel Waters. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the sequel to ''Batman'' (1989) and the second installment in the 1989–1997 ''Batman ...
'' (1992) after being pushed to her breaking point by Max Schreck, Selina Kyle (portrayed by
Michelle Pfeiffer Michelle Marie Pfeiffer (; born April 29, 1958) is an American actress and producer. A prolific performer whose screen work spans over four decades, she became one of Hollywood's most bankable stars and popular sex symbols during the 1980s a ...
) transforms from a cat lady into
Catwoman Catwoman is a fictional character created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Debuting as "the Cat" in ''Batman'' #1 (spring 1940), she is ...
. * In ''
Catwoman Catwoman is a fictional character created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Debuting as "the Cat" in ''Batman'' #1 (spring 1940), she is ...
'' (2004), Patience Phillips (portrayed by Halle Berry) visits a cat lady who tells her about how to embrace her new identity as
Catwoman Catwoman is a fictional character created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Debuting as "the Cat" in ''Batman'' #1 (spring 1940), she is ...
, claiming an Egyptian Mau called Midnight chose to give her cat-like superpowers. * In ''
The Lego Movie ''The Lego Movie'' is a 2014 Computer animation, computer-animated Adventure film, adventure comedy film written and directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller from a story by Lord, Miller, and Dan and Kevin Hageman. Based on the Lego line o ...
'' (2014), Mrs. Scratchen-Post is a cat lady minifigure who is one of Emmet Brickowski's neighbors. * In ''
Free Guy ''Free Guy'' is a 2021 American science fiction action comedy film directed and produced by Shawn Levy from a screenplay by Matt Lieberman and Zak Penn, and a story by Lieberman. The film stars Ryan Reynolds, Jodie Comer, Lil Rel Howery, Utka ...
'', the video game ''Free City'' has a cat lady named Phyllis (portrayed by Anabel Graetz) where she needs help from the players to find her cats. After ''Free Life'' was established at the end of the film, Phyllis was among the ''Free City'' NPCs living in the game as she is seen with her cats that are in the basket that Dude is holding.


Music

* On
Venetian Snares Aaron Funk (born January 11, 1975), known as Venetian Snares, is a Canadian electronic musician based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is widely known for innovating and popularising the breakcore genre, and is one of the most recognisable artists to ...
's album '' Songs About My Cats'' (2001), he features a song called "For Bertha Rand." The album features many samples of cats which are worked into Aaron's distinct break-core style of old-school
jungle music Jungle is a genre of dance music that developed out of the UK rave scene and sound system culture in the 1990s. Emerging from breakbeat hardcore, the style is characterised by rapid breakbeats, heavily syncopated percussive loops, samples, and ...
.


Games

* '' The Cat Lady'' (2012) is a psychological horror adventure game developed by Remigiusz Michalski. * In '' The Sims 3''s "Pets" expansion pack, there is a new town called "Appaloosa Plains", and one of the many residents in the town is an elderly woman with lots of cats. The household may be somewhat challenging, as the player has to care for all those cats and fulfill the Sims' own wishes and needs as well. If the cats are not properly cared for and fed, then they may all be taken away.


Events

* CatCon, an event described as "The convention with cattitude", hosted seminars featuring actor
Ian Somerhalder Ian Joseph Somerhalder (born December 8, 1978) is an American actor. He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama '' Lost'', Damon Salvatore in The CW's supernatural drama ''The Vampire Diaries'', and Dr. Luther Swann in Netflix's sc ...
and actress Mayim Bialik, meet and greets with celebrity cats Lil BUB and Nala, and an adoption village where visitors can meet and adopt a cat or kitten. * National Cat Lady Day is celebrated April 19, as a way to debunk the myth that cat ladies are dowdy spinsters.
Now it's chic to be a cat lady!
said CatCon creator Susan Michals.


See also

*
Think Think and Ah Tsai Think Think () and Ah Tsai () are two cats belonging to the President of Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen. Think Think is a female grey tabby, while Ah Tsai is a male ginger tabby. Origin of the cats Think Think was adopted by Tsai in 2012, after being brou ...
* Cat people and dog people


References


External links

{{Stock characters Cats Stereotypes of women Feminism and society Pejorative terms for women Female stock characters Cats in popular culture