The Castilian House of Burgundy is a cadet branch of the

House of Ivrea The Anscarids ( la, Anscarii) or the House of Ivrea were a medieval dynasty of Frankish origin which rose to prominence in Northern Italy in the tenth century, even briefly holding the Italian throne. The main branch ruled the County of Burgun ...

descended from

Raymond of Burgundy Raymond of Burgundy (c. 1070 – 24 May 1107) was the ruler of Galicia as vassal of Alfonso VI of León and Castile, the Emperor of All Spain, from about 1090 until his death. He was the fourth son of Count William I of Burgundy and Stephanie. He ...

. Raymond married

Urraca Urraca (also spelled ''Hurraca'', ''Urracha'' and ''Hurracka'' in medieval Latin) is a female given name, first name. In Spanish language, Spanish, the name means magpie, derived perhaps from Latin ''furax'', meaning "thievish", in reference to the ...

, the eldest legitimate daughter of

Alfonso VI of León and Castile Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. ...

of the

House of Jiménez A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condit ...

. Two years after Raymond's death, Urraca succeeded her father and became queen of Castile and Leon; Urraca's and Raymond's offspring in the legitimate line ruled the kingdom from 1126 until the death of

Peter of Castile Peter ( es, Pedro; 30 August 133423 March 1369), called the Cruel () or the Just (), was King of Castile and León from 1350 to 1369. Peter was the last ruler of the main branch of the House of Ivrea. He was excommunicated by Pope Urban V for ...

in 1369, while their descendants in an illegitimate line, the

House of Trastámara The House of Trastámara (Spanish, Aragonese and Catalan: Casa de Trastámara) was a royal dynasty which first ruled in the Crown of Castile and then expanded to the Crown of Aragon in the late middle ages to the early modern period. They were a ...

, would rule Castile and Aragón until the 16th century.

History

Origins

Raymond was the fourth son of

William I, Count of Burgundy William I (1020 – 12 November 1087), called the Great (''le Grand'' or ''Tête Hardie'', "the Stubborn"), was Count of Burgundy from 1057 to 1087 and Mâcon from 1078 to 1087. He was a son of Renaud I and Alice of Normandy, daughter of Richar ...

(from the House of Ivrea) and arrived in the Iberian peninsula probably in 1086 with the army of

Odo I, Duke of Burgundy Odo I (1060 – 1102Constance Brittain Bouchard, ''Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy, 980–1198'', (Cornell University Press, 1987), 256. at Tarsus), also known as Eudes, surnamed Borel and called ''the Red'', was ...

, who besieged the city

Tudela, Navarre Tudela is a municipality in Spain, the second largest city of the autonomous community of Navarre and twice a former Latin bishopric. Its population is around 35,000. The city is sited in the Ebro valley. Fast trains running on two-track electrif ...

. In April 1087 the army abandoned the siege and returned home, but Odo, Raymond and Henry of Burgundy (Raymond's cousin) went west at the court of Alfonso VI king of Castile and León. There, Odo arranged the marriage of king's first daughter, Urraca, to Raymond in 1087; the couple received the county of Galicia as dowry. In 1093 Alfonso VI married an illegitimate daughter

Teresa Teresa (also Theresa, Therese; french: Thérèse) is a feminine given name. It originates in the Iberian Peninsula in late antiquity. Its derivation is uncertain, it may be derived from Greek θερίζω (''therízō'') "to harvest or re ...

to Henry and gave them the county of Portugal, which evolved to a kingdom.La formación de Europa: Conquista, colonización y cambio cultural, 950-1350. Universitat de València. p. 67. . In 1107 Raymond died, followed the next year by

Sancho The name Sancho is an Iberian name of Basque origin (Santxo, Santzo, Santso, Antzo, Sans). Sancho stems from the Latin name Sanctius.Eichler, Ernst; Hilty, Gerold; Löffler, Heinrich; Steger, Hugo; Zgusta, Ladislav: ''Namenforschung/Name Studies/ ...

, the king's only son. Now his presumptive heiress, Urraca was married to Alfonso I of Navarre and Aragón, who was promised the kingdom to the exclusion of Urraca's son by Raymond. The couple proved incompatible, and following Alfonso VI's death in 1109, Urraca reigned as queen while resisting efforts by both her husband and her son by Raymond to take the crown. The latter succeeded on her death, becoming

Alfonso VII Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. ...

, first king of Castile and León from the Castilian House of Ivrea.

Kings of Castile and León

Alfonso VII partitioned the kingdom to his sons: Sancho III received Castile & Toledo and

Ferdinand Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...

received León & Galicia. The kingdoms remained divided under their sons

Alfonso VIII of Castile Alfonso VIII (11 November 11555 October 1214), called the Noble (''El Noble'') or the one of Las Navas (''el de las Navas''), was King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army at ...

and

Alfonso IX of León Alfonso IX (15 August 117123 or 24 September 1230) was King of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death. He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion and founded the University ...

, but in 1197 the latter married the daughter of the former, so following the death of her teenage brother,

Henry I of Castile Henry I of Castile (14 April 1204 – 6 June 1217) was king of Castile. He was the son of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile (daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine). He was the brother of Berengu ...

, this kingdom passed to her son by Alfonso IX, Ferdinand III. He permanently reunited the kingdoms on the death of his father and passed them to his own son,

Alfonso X Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, es, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germ ...

. Alfonso X's eldest son

died in 1275 leaving two sons, but the king's second son

claimed to be the new heir. The king preferred Ferdinand's sons, but the nobility supported Sancho and a civil war began. The descendants of Ferdinand form the

House of la Cerda House de la Cerda is a noble line of the Crown of Castile descending from the ''Infante'' Ferdinand de la Cerda, eldest son of King Alfonso X. It was one of four noble lineages that arose directly from the Castilian royal family during the thirtee ...

. Alfonso X died in 1284 and finally his second son succeeded him, as Sancho IV. The grandson of Sancho IV, i.e.

Alfonso XI Alfonso XI (13 August 131126 March 1350), called the Avenger (''el Justiciero''), was King of Castile and León. He was the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal. Upon his father's death in 1312, several disputes en ...

, had legitimate son

and some illegitimate sons:

Henry Henry may refer to: People *Henry (given name) * Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...

, Fadrique, etc. Henry attacked Peter with a host of soldiers of fortune in 1366. The

Castilian Civil War The Castilian Civil War was a war of succession over the Crown of Castile that lasted from 1351 to 1369. The conflict started after the death of king Alfonso XI of Castile in March 1350. It became part of the larger conflict then raging betwe ...

followed: Peter was besieged at the fortress of

Montiel Montiel is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 271.22 km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 1,294. History On 5 March 12 ...

. During the negotiations, Peter entered the tent of Henry's envoy, where Henry, which was hidden there, attacked him and killed him. Peter had no legitimate sons, and Henry became the new king as Henry II and was the founder of the

. His brother Fadrique became the founder of the

House of Enríquez The House of Enríquez is a Spanish noble lineage of royal origin. History The House of Enríquez originated in the Crown of Castile, in the person of Frederick of Castile (Casa de Borgoña), natural son of King Alfonso XI of Castile and E ...

Family tree of Castilian House of Burgundy

Notes

References

* Patxot y Ferrer, Fernando; en "Los héroes y las grandezas de la tierra: anales del mundo, formación, revoluciones y guerra de todos los imperios, desde la creación hasta nuestros días" (Tomo VI, Ed. Imprenta de Cervantes, Barcelona, año 1856).

Gallery

File:RaymondofBurgundy.jpg, Raymond (House of Ivrea) File:Alfonso VII of Castile, 13th c.jpg, Alfonso VII the Emperor File:Fernando II de León (Museo del Prado).jpg, Ferdinand II of León File:Adeffonsus, king of Galicia and Leon (detail).jpg, Alfonso IX of León File:Fernando III de Castilla 02.jpg, Ferdinand III the Saint File:TumboAKing.jpg, Alfonso X the Wise File:Sancho IV de Castilla 02.jpg, Sancho IV the Brave File:Fernando IV de Castela - Compendio de crónicas de reyes (Biblioteca Nacional de España).png, Ferdinand IV the Summoned File:Alfonso XI, king of Leon and Castile.jpg, Alfonso XI the Avenger File:Estatua de Pedro I el Cruel (M.A.N.) 01.jpg, Peter the Cruel/Just {{Authority control Castilian royal houses