petroleum production The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products. The largest ...

, the casing hanger is that portion of a

wellhead A wellhead is the component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment. The primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and ...

assembly which provides support for the

casing string In drilling technology, casing string is a long section of connected oilfield pipe that is lowered into a wellbore and cemented. The purpose of the casing pipe is as follows: * prevent the collapse of the borehole * prevent formation fluids from ...

when it is lowered into the

wellbore A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water ( drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petrole ...

. It serves to ensure that the casing is properly located. When the casing string has been run into the wellbore it is hung off, or suspended, by a casing hanger, which rests on a landing shoulder inside the casing spool. Casing hangers must be designed to take the full weight of the casing, and provide a seal between the casing hanger and the spool. Casing Hangers may also be suspended within the wellhead by means of radial distortion of the wellhead bore e.g. the "Pos-Grip" method. This is installed to support the individual casing strings in the well. It is the landing base or the casing head. This is usually welded or screwed to the top of the surface casing string. The surface casing serves as a foundation pile for the well which transfers the hanging load to the earth. The casing head is prepared with a bowl into which the slips sit and chuck the casing in place. Most casing heads allow for the pressure readings to be taken on the

annulus Annulus (or anulus) or annular indicates a ring- or donut-shaped area or structure. It may refer to: Human anatomy * ''Anulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis'', spinal structure * Annulus of Zinn, a.k.a. annular tendon or ''anulus tendineus com ...

and provide the means to pump out or into if necessary. The top of the casing string and annulus is usually sealed. The most common size of casing hanger is 13-3/8" with over 155,000 such units installed worldwide in 2014 alone. The contraction of the oilfield industry throughout 2015 meant that this figure was reduced somewhat to just under 120,000 units, of which 36,822 were "Pos-Grip" casing hangers. Intermediate, or protective, casing may be one or more strings of casing. Protective casing is most frequently installed in a well because of the mud weight required to drill deeper in the well. Common sizes of intermediate strings range from 7" to 10 ¾" (or larger in deep wells). Each string is cemented in place. Obviously, if several strings of intermediate casing are required in a well, the diameter of the surface hole must be large enough to permit all of the necessary strings. Wells are planned from the bottom up. The purpose of the well determines the diameter of the bottom of the well. If the well is an exploratory wild cat offshore, the bottom of the well must be only large enough to accommodate a logging sonde. If the well is a very productive oil well, a 7" production tubing might be installed in a larger diameter casing. Gas wells may only require a small 2 ⅞" tubing set in 4 ¾" casing, so the hole might be relatively small. With rank wildcats in geological basins that have not been explored extensively, the first holes might be large enough to provide for a couple of contingency strings of casing. Intermediate Casing

External links

Illustration, Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
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See also

External links