Caryophyllaceae Genera
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Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a
family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s. It is included in the
dicotyledon The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, t ...
order
Caryophyllales Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalai ...
in the
APG III system The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a fur ...
, alongside 33 other families, including
Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...
,
Cactaceae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...
, and
Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus ''Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 ...
. It is a large family, with 81
genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
and about 2,625 known
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
. This
cosmopolitan family In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The extre ...
of mostly
herbaceous plant Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...
s is best represented in temperate climates, with a few species growing on tropical mountains. Some of the more commonly known members include pinks and carnations (''
Dianthus ''Dianthus'' () is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (''D. repens'') in arctic North Ameri ...
''), and firepink and campions (''
Lychnis ''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularl ...
'' and ''
Silene ''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularl ...
''). Many
species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
are grown as
ornamental plant Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ...
s, and some species are widespread
weed A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place", or a plant growing where it is not wanted.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. ...
s. Most species grow in the
Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...
and bordering regions of
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
and
Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
. The number of genera and species in the Southern Hemisphere is rather small, although the family does contain
Antarctic pearlwort ''Colobanthus quitensis'', the Antarctic pearlwort, is one of two native flowering plants found in the Antarctic region. It has yellow flowers and grows about 5 cm (two inches) tall, with a cushion-like growth habit that gives it a moss-like appe ...
(''Colobanthus quitensis''),
the world's southernmost The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here. Cities and settlements Geography Islands Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice cov ...
dicot, which is one of only two flowering plants found in
Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...
. The name comes from ''Caryophyllus'', an obsolete synonym of ''
Dianthus ''Dianthus'' () is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (''D. repens'') in arctic North Ameri ...
''.


Description

Despite its size and the somewhat doubtful mutual relationships, this family is rather uniform and easily recognizable. Most are herbaceous annuals or
perennials A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widel ...
, dying off above ground each year. A few species are shrubs or small trees, such as some '' Acanthophyllum'' species. Most plants are non-
succulent In botany, succulent plants, also known as succulents, are plants with parts that are thickened, fleshy, and engorged, usually to retain water in arid climates or soil conditions. The word ''succulent'' comes from the Latin word ''sucus'', meani ...
; i.e. having no fleshy stems or leaves. The nodes on the stem are swollen. The leaves are almost always opposite, rarely whorled. The blades are entire, petiolate, and often stipulate. These
stipule In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...
s are not sheath-forming. The hermaphroditic
flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...
s are terminal, blooming singly or branched or forked in cymes. The inflorescence is usually dichasial at least in the lower parts, which means that in the axil of each peduncle (primary flower stalk) of the terminal flower in the cyme, two new single-flower branches sprout up on each side of and below the first flower. If the terminal flowers are absent, then this can lead to monochasia, i.e. a monoparous cyme with a single flower on each axis of the
inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...
. In the extreme, this leads to a single flower, such as in '' Githago'' or '' Arenaria''. The flowers are regular and mostly with five
petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...
s and five
sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...
s, but sometimes with four petals. The sepals may be free from one another or united. The petals may be entire, fringed or deeply cleft. The calyx may be cylindrically inflated, as in ''Silene''. The
stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...
s number five or 10 (or more rarely four or eight), and are mostly isomerous with the perianth. The superior gynoecium has two to five
carpel Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...
s (members of a compound pistil) and is syncarpous; i.e. with these carpels united in a compound ovary. This
ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...
has one chamber inside the ovary. The
fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particu ...
may be a utricle with a single seed or a capsule containing several seeds.


Systematics

Currently,
Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...
and Caryophyllaceae are sister groups and considered closely related. Formerly, Caryophyllaceae were considered the sister family to all of the remaining members of the suborder
Caryophyllineae Caryophyllineae is a suborder of flowering plants. Systematics Caryophyllales is separated into 2 sub-orders: Caryophyllineae and Polygonineae. Caryophyllineae contains 21 families and 8,600 species and major families include Aizoaceae, Basella ...
because they have
anthocyanins Anthocyanins (), also called anthocyans, are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart gave the name Anthokyan to a chemical compo ...
, and not
betalain Betalains are a class of red and yellow tyrosine-derived pigments found in plants of the order Caryophyllales, where they replace anthocyanin pigments. Betalains also occur in some higher order fungi. They are most often noticeable in the petals ...
pigments. However,
cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived char ...
analyses indicate Caryophyllaceae evolved from ancestors that contained betalain, reinforcing betalain as an accurate
synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...
of the suborder. This family is traditionally divided in three subfamilies: * Alsinoideae: no stipules, petals not united * Silenoideae: no stipules, petals united * Paronychioideae: fleshy stipules, petals separate or united The last, however, are a basal
grade Grade most commonly refers to: * Grade (education), a measurement of a student's performance * Grade, the number of the year a student has reached in a given educational stage * Grade (slope), the steepness of a slope Grade or grading may also ref ...
of rather primitive members of this family, not closely related, but simply retaining many
plesiomorph In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades. Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and ...
ic traits. Instead of a subfamily, most ought to be treated as genera ''
incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
'', but ''
Corrigiola ''Corrigiola'', the strapworts, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, with a highly disjunct distribution in Mexico, South America, southern and eastern Africa, Madagascar, northwestern Africa, Europe and western Asia. To ...
'' and '' Telephium'' might warrant recognition as Corrigioleae. The Alsinoideae, on the other hand, seem to form two distinct
clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
s, perhaps less some misplaced genera. Finally, the Silenoideae appear
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
at least for the most part, if some of the taxa misplaced in Alsinoideae are moved there; it may be that the name Caryophylloideae would apply for the revised delimitation. However,
hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...
ization between many members of this family is rampant—particularly in the Silenoideae/Caryophylloideae—and some of the lineages of descent have been found to be highly complicated and do not readily yield to
cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived char ...
analysis.


Genera

* '' Acanthophyllum'' * '' Achyronychia'' – onyxflower, frost-mat * ''
Agrostemma ''Agrostemma'' is a genus of annual plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, containing the species known as corncockles. Its best-known member is ''A. githago'', the common corncockle, which is a native of Europe. The species is a weed of cereals ...
'' – corncockles * ''
Allochrusa ''Allochrusa'' is a genus in the carnation family. It contains the following species: *''Allochrusa bungei'' Boiss. *''Allochrusa gypsophiloides'' (Regel) Schischk. *''Allochrusa paniculata'' (Regel & Herder) Ovcz. & Czukav. *'' Allochrusa persi ...
'' * '' Alsinidendron'' * '' Ankyropetalum'' * '' Arenaria'' – sandworts * '' Balkana'' * ''
Bolanthus ''Bolanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. Its native range is Greece to Jordan. Species: *'' Bolanthus aziz-sancarii'' *''Bolanthus cherlerioides ''Bolanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants belo ...
'' * '' Bolbosaponaria'' * ''
Brachystemma ''Brachystemma calycinum'' is a species of plant native to southwestern China. It is the only species in the genus ''Brachystemma'' References Caryophyllaceae Monotypic Caryophyllaceae genera Flora of China {{Caryophyllaceae-stub ...
'' * '' Bufonia'' * ''
Cardionema ''Cardionema'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllale ...
'' * ''
Cerastium ''Cerastium'' is a genus of annual, winter annual, or perennial plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. They are commonly called mouse-ear chickweed. Species are found nearly worldwide but the greatest concentration is in the northern tem ...
'' – mouse-ear chickweeds * '' Cerdia'' * ''
Colobanthus ''Colobanthus'' is a large genus of small, cushion-like herbaceous plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, sometimes known as "pearlworts", a name they share with plants of the related genus '' Sagina''. ''C. quitensis'' is the world's southernmo ...
'' – pearlworts * '' Cometes'' * ''
Corrigiola ''Corrigiola'', the strapworts, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, with a highly disjunct distribution in Mexico, South America, southern and eastern Africa, Madagascar, northwestern Africa, Europe and western Asia. To ...
'' – strapworts * ''
Cucubalus ''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularl ...
'' * ''
Cyathophylla ''Cyathophylla'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophylla ...
'' * ''
Dianthus ''Dianthus'' () is a genus of about 340 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species in north Africa and in southern Africa, and one species (''D. repens'') in arctic North Ameri ...
'' – carnations and pinks * '' Diaphanoptera'' * '' Dicheranthus'' * '' Drymaria'' * '' Drypis'' * ''
Eremogone ''Eremogone'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to western North America, northern Asia, eastern Europe and northeastern Africa. Attempts to resolve taxonomic relationships within the Caryophyllaceae have result ...
'' * '' Eudianthe'' * '' Facchinia'' * '' Geocarpon'' * '' Graecobolanthus'' * ''
Gymnocarpos ''Gymnocarpos'' is a genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III ...
'' * ''
Gypsophila ''Gypsophila'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. They are native to Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.Habrosia'' * '' Haya'' *''
Heliosperma ''Heliosperma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. As such, it is closely related to the large genus ''Silene'', but its members can be told apart from ''Silene'' by the crest of long papillae on the seeds. The majority ...
'' * ''
Herniaria ''Herniaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae known generally as ruptureworts. They are native to Eurasia and Africa but several species have been widely introduced to other continents. These are flat, mat-forming ann ...
'' – ruptureworts * ''
Holosteum ''Holosteum'' is a genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae with 3 or 4 species native from southern Europe through central and south western Asia and in Africa. They are herbs with an annual life span, some growing as winter annuals. The ...
'' – jagged chickweeds * '' Honckenya'' * '' Illecebrum'' * '' Kabulia'' * ''
Krauseola ''Krauseola'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to Kenya, Mozambique and KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal (, also referred to as KZN and known as "the garden province") is a province of South Af ...
'' * '' Kuhitangia'' * ''
Lepyrodiclis ''Lepyrodiclis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. Its native range is Caucasus to Mongolia and Himalaya. Species: *''Lepyrodiclis holosteoides'' *''Lepyrodiclis stellarioides'' *''Lepyrodiclis tenera'' ...
'' * ''
Lochia In the field of obstetrics, lochia is the vaginal discharge after giving birth, containing blood, mucus, and uterine tissue. Lochia discharge typically continues for four to eight weeks after childbirth, a time known as the postpartum period or pue ...
'' * '' Loeflingia'' * ''
Lychnis ''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularl ...
'' – campions, catchflies * '' Melandrium'' * '' Mesostemma'' * '' Microphyes'' * ''
Minuartia ''Minuartia'' is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as sandworts in the family Caryophyllaceae. Minuartias are small annual or perennial plants which grow in otherwise inhospitable conditions such as on rocky ledges and in stony soil. Th ...
'' – sandworts, stitchworts * ''
Moehringia ''Moehringia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae.Volker Bittrich. 1993. "Caryophyllaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki. ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants''. volume II, pages 206-236. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg ...
'' – sandworts * ''
Moenchia ''Moenchia'' is a genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae with three species native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe and naturalised in southern Africa and parts of North America and Australia. They are herbs, with an ann ...
'' – upright chickweeds * '' Myosoton'' * '' Ochotonophila'' * ''
Ortegia ''Ortegia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. It only contains one known species, Ortegia hispanica L. It is part of the tribe Polycarpaeae, clustering with ''Cardionema'' and '' Illecebrum''. Its n ...
'' * ''
Paronychia Paronychia is an inflammation of the skin around the nail, which can occur suddenly, when it is usually due to the bacterium '' Staphylococcus aureus'', or gradually when it is commonly caused by the fungus ''Candida albicans''. The term is fr ...
'' – chickweeds * '' Pentastemonodiscus'' * '' Petroana'' * '' Petrocoptis'' * ''
Petrorhagia ''Petrorhagia'' is a small genus of annual plant, annual and perennial plants of the family Caryophyllaceae, mostly native to the Mediterranean region. It is low-growing with wiry stems and narrow, grass-like leaves. The flowers are small, in cl ...
'' (previously known as ''Tunica'') * '' Philippiella'' * '' Phrynella'' * '' Pinosia'' * ''
Pirinia ''Pirinia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryo ...
'' * '' Pleioneura'' * '' Plettkia'' * '' Pollichia'' * ''
Polycarpaea ''Polycarpaea'' is a genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. The genus was named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1792. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus is polyphyletic and needs to be redefined. It falls into three dis ...
'' * '' Polycarpon'' * ''
Polytepalum ''Polytepalum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophylla ...
'' * '' Psammophiliella'' * '' Pseudostellaria'' * '' Pteranthus'' * '' Pycnophyllopsis'' * ''
Pycnophyllum ''Pycnophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllale ...
'' * ''
Reicheella ''Reicheella'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. It has a synonym of ''Bryopsis'' , and only contains one known species, Reicheella andicola (Phil.) Pax Its native range is northern Chile. The genus name o ...
'' * '' Sabulina'' * ''
Sagina ''Sagina'' (like ''Colobanthus'' called "pearlworts") is a genus of 20–30 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. These are flowering herbs native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere extending south to tropical m ...
'' – pearlworts * '' Sanctambrosia'' * ''
Saponaria ''Saponaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Asia and Europe, and are commonly known as soapworts. They are herbaceous perennials and annuals, some with woody bases. The flowers are abundant, five-petalled ...
'' – soapworts * ''
Schiedea ''Schiedea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. It contains 34 species and is endemic to Hawaii. A 35th species was spotted in 2017 by Tom DeMent while surveying a forest near Laupāhoehoe on Hawai‘i Island. It has ...
'' * '' Scleranthopsis'' * ''
Scleranthus ''Scleranthus'', the knawels, are a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Selected species *''Scleranthus annuus ''Scleranthus annuus'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, comm ...
'' – knawels * ''
Sclerocephalus ''Sclerocephalus'' is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the lowermost Permian of Germany and Czech Republic with four valid species, including the type species ''S. haeuseri''. It is one of the most completely preserved and most abu ...
'' * '' Scopulophila'' * '' Selleola'' * ''
Silene ''Silene'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many ''Silene'' species are widely distributed, particularl ...
'' – campions, catchflies * ''
Spergula ''Spergula'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Their usual English name is spurry or spurrey. Commonly found in grassland, the genus originated in the northern hemisphere, but is now found worldwide. Species Spec ...
'' – spurreys * ''
Spergularia Spergularia is a genus in the family Caryophyllaceae, containing salt-tolerant plants known as sandspurrys and sea-spurreys. There are about 60 species. Selected species * '' Spergularia azorica'' – endemic to the archipelago of the AzoresSecr ...
'' – sea-spurreys * '' Sphaerocoma'' * ''
Stellaria ''Stellaria'' is a genus of about 190 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Common names include starwort, stitchwort and chickweed. Description ''Stellaria'' species are relatively small ...
'' – chickweeds, stitchworts * '' Stipulicida'' * '' Thurya'' * '' Thylacospermum'' * '' Uebelinia'' * '' Vaccaria'' * '' Velezia'' * ''
Wilhelmsia ''Wilhelmsia'' is a monotypic genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. It contains only one species, ''Wilhelmsia physodes,'' native to Alaska, northern Canada (Yukon and Northwest Territories), and Russia Russia (, , ), or the Ru ...
'' * ''
Xerotia ''Xerotia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. Its native range is Southern Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian ...
''


Unplaced

* '' Dadjoua'' described in 1960 in Fl. Iran and accepted by
Catalogue of life The Catalogue of Life is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Info ...
, but unplaced by
Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
.


References


External links

*
Family Caryophyllaceae - Pink
Plant Life Forms {{Taxonbar, from=Q25995 Caryophyllales families