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Carlos Ibarguren Uriburu (April 18, 1877 – April 3, 1956) was an Argentine academic, historian and politician. As a writer he was noted as one of the foremost academics of the history of Argentina as well as a leading expert on
constitutional law Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in fe ...
. Politically he was initially associated with the
liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and ...
tendency amongst the country's intelligentsia before moving to
far right Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism, are political beliefs and actions further to the right of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of being ...
nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: T ...
in later life.


Early career

Ibarguren was born on
Salta Salta () is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name. With a population of 618,375 according to the 2010 census, it is also the 7th most-populous city in Argentina. The city serves as the cultural and economic c ...
, in 1877. An academic by profession, Ibarguren was a professor of law at the
University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires ( es, Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one of the most prestigi ...
, his alma mater.Carlos Ibarguren
/ref> Recognised for his fine legal and constitutional mind from 1904 onwards he held several undersecretary positions within the government.
Utilising his experience Roque Sáenz Peña appointed him as justice minister during his administration of Roque Sáenz Peña, a position he held until 1914. After this spell in office, Ibarguren continued as a supporter of the
Radical Civic Union The Radical Civic Union ( es, Unión Cívica Radical, UCR) is a centrist and social-liberal political party in Argentina. It has been ideologically heterogeneous, ranging from social liberalism to social democracy. The UCR is a member of the ...
for a time. However he became a founder of the
Democratic Progressive Party The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) is a Taiwanese nationalist and centre-left political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Controlling both the Republic of China presidency and the unicameral Legislative Yuan, it is the majority ...
in 1914 and served as its vice-president whilst also drafting its programme. In this role he became a strong critic of the government of
Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second ...
. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1920 legislative elections, part of a list of intellectuals that included the likes of
Lisandro de la Torre Lisandro de la Torre (6 December 1868 – 5 January 1939) was an Argentine politician, born in Rosario, Santa Fe. He was considered as a model of ethics in politics. He was a national deputy and senator, a prominent polemicist, and founder o ...
and Ezequiel Ramos Mexía but which failed to make an impact with the voters. He was chosen as Democratic Progressive candidate for the 1922 presidential election, although he managed only 7.7% of the vote.


Move to the right

Up to this point, Ibarguren had been associated with the
liberalism Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for ...
that defined Argentina's cultural elite but the setbacks of 1920 saw his positions alter. His book of the same year, ''La literatura y la gran guerra'', demonstrated a shift to the
nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: T ...
that was to come to dominate his political thought. He argued that
democracy Democracy (From grc, δημοκρατία, dēmokratía, ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation (" direct democracy"), or to choose go ...
left the door open to too many disparate groups and that it needed brakes which should be provided by a united
conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization ...
right Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical the ...
. Politically Ibarguren grew interested in using the masses as a bulwark of reactionary activity and as such moved close to the ideas of
fascism Fascism is a far-right, Authoritarianism, authoritarian, ultranationalism, ultra-nationalist political Political ideology, ideology and Political movement, movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and pol ...
.David Rock, ''Authoritarian Argentina'', 1995, p. 107 Following the 1930 coup of Gen.
José Félix Uriburu Lieutenant General José Félix Benito Uriburu y Uriburu (20 July 186829 April 1932) was the president of Argentina, President of the Provisional Government of Argentina, ousting the successor to President Hipólito Yrigoyen by means of 1930 Ar ...
, Ibarguren petitioned the new president to switch to
corporatism Corporatism is a collectivist political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guild associations, on the basis of their common interests. The ...
and this economic model came to dominate his thinking until, under Ibarguren's advice,
Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected ...
allowed the corporations to be represented in parliament in 1948. Despite this however, Ibarguren held no formal positions within the governments of either Uriburu or Perón and largely concentrated on his academic pursuits. His last political role of note was as De facto Federal Interventor of Córdoba from 1930 to 1931, a post entrusted to him by Uriburu. Ibarguren died in
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South Am ...
, in 1956.


Writing

Ibarguren was especially noted for his work on the history of Argentina, with his most celebrated books being ''Juan Manuel de Rosas'' (1930), ''Las sociedades literarias y la revolución argentina'' (1938) and ''La historia que he vivido'' (1955). He also served as president of the Argentine Academy of Letters.


See also

* Copa Ibarguren


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibarguren, Carlos 1877 births 1956 deaths 20th-century Argentine historians Argentine male writers University of Buenos Aires faculty Candidates for President of Argentina University of Buenos Aires alumni People from Salta Argentine people of Basque descent Democratic Progressive Party (Argentina) politicians Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery Ministers of Justice of Argentina