Dennis Joseph Dougherty (August 16, 1865 – May 31, 1951) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as

Archbishop of Philadelphia The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Philadelphia is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in southeastern Pennsylvania, in the United States. It covers the City and County of Philadelphia as well a ...

from 1918 until his death in 1951, and was made a

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

in 1921. He was Philadelphia's longest-serving archbishop and its first cardinal.

Early life and education

Dennis Dougherty was born on August 16, 1865 in the Homesville section of Butler Township in

Schuylkill County Schuylkill County (, ; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in the heart of Pennsylvania's Coal Region and is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the populat ...

, Pennsylvania. Nicknamed "Dinny" by his parents, he was the sixth of ten children of Patrick and Bridget (née Henry) Dougherty, who were natives of

County Mayo County Mayo (; ga, Contae Mhaigh Eo, meaning "Plain of the Taxus baccata, yew trees") is a Counties of Ireland, county in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. In the West Region, Ireland, West of Ireland, in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Conn ...

, Ireland. The family lived in the

Coal Region The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite, anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons. The region is typically define ...

of Pennsylvania, with Dougherty's father working as a coal miner and Dougherty himself spending his summer vacations as a breaker boy in the mines. As there was no Catholic church or parochial school in Homesville, the family worshiped at St. Joseph's Church in nearby

Girardville Girardville may refer to: * Girardville, Pennsylvania, United States * Girardville, Quebec Girardville is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located within the regional county municipality of Maria-Chapdelaine. The municipality ...

and Dougherty attended public school there as well. At age 14, Dougherty applied to enter

St. Charles Borromeo Seminary Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary is a Roman Catholic seminary in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania that is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. The oldest Catholic institution of higher learning in the Philadelphia region, the school ...

in Overbrook and even passed the entrance examination, but because of his young age, he was denied admission. On the advice of his pastor in Girardville, he enrolled at

Collège Sainte-Marie In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between ...

in Montreal, where he studied under the Jesuits for two years. In 1881, Dougherty applied to St. Charles Seminary again and was accepted, skipping the first two years of instruction. He remained at Overbook until 1885, when he was sent by Archbishop Patrick John Ryan to continue his studies at the

Pontifical North American College The Pontifical North American College (NAC) is a Catholic Church, Roman Catholic educational institution in Rome, Italy, that prepares seminarians to become priests in the United States and elsewhere. The NAC also provides a residence for Pri ...

in Rome. He was considered such an outstanding student that he was once waved away from an examination room by Professor

Francesco Satolli Francesco Satolli (21 July 1839 – 8 January 1910) was an Italian theologian, professor, cardinal, and the first Apostolic Delegate to the United States. Biography He was born on 21 July 1839, at Marsciano near Perugia. He was educated at ...

, who told him, "Consider yourself examined." At the end of his studies in 1890, he received the degree of

Doctor of Divinity A Doctor of Divinity (D.D. or DDiv; la, Doctor Divinitatis) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity. In the United Kingdom, it is considered an advanced doctoral degree. At the University of Oxford, doctors of divinity are ran ...

Priesthood

While in Rome, Dougherty was ordained a priest on May 31, 1890 by Cardinal

Lucido Parocchi Lucido Maria Parocchi (13 August 1833 – 15 January 1903) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Secretary of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office from 5 August 1896 until his death. Biography Luci ...

at the Lateran Basilica. He celebrated his first Mass the next day at the altar of the

Chair of Saint Peter The Chair of Saint Peter ( la, Cathedra Petri), also known as the Throne of Saint Peter, is a relic conserved in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the sovereign enclave of the Pope inside Rome, Italy. The relic is a wooden throne that tradi ...

at St. Peter's Basilica. Upon his return to Philadelphia in the summer of 1890, Dougherty was appointed to the faculty of St. Charles Borromeo Seminary as a professor of Latin, English, and history. Over the next 13 years, he also taught Greek, French, and Hebrew before being promoted to the chair of dogmatic theology. As a professor, Dougherty was known to be "a severe taskmaster" who lectured almost entirely in Latin. He also established a reputation as a scholar with his translation of the works of Orazio Marucchi and his publication of a series of articles on Anglican ordinations. He was invited to take the chair of dogmatic theology at the

Catholic University of America The Catholic University of America (CUA) is a private Roman Catholic research university in Washington, D.C. It is a pontifical university of the Catholic Church in the United States and the only institution of higher education founded by U.S. ...

, but Archbishop Ryan refused to let him leave Overbrook.

Bishop in the Philippines

Nueva Segovia

On April 7, 1903, Dougherty was notified of his appointment as

Bishop of Nueva Segovia The Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. It covers the province of Ilocos Sur, on the island of Luzon. The see of the archdiocese is the city of Vigan.Philippines. The annexation of the heavily Catholic islands by the United States and the rejection of Philippine independence by the

1898 Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, commonly known as the Treaty of Paris of 1898 ( fil, Kasunduan sa Paris ng 1898; es, Tratado de París de 1898), was a treaty signed by Spain and the United Stat ...

helped fuel the

Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...

, during which the Catholic priest Gregorio Aglipay broke with Rome and founded the nationalist

Philippine Independent Church , native_name_lang = fil , icon = Logo of the Philippine Independent Church (Aglipayan Church).svg , icon_width = 80px , icon_alt = Coat of arms of the Philippine Independent Church , image ...

. After the war ended with an American victory in 1902, Pope Leo XIII appointed four American bishops to Philippine dioceses, including Dougherty. Dougherty received his episcopal consecration on June 14, 1903 from Cardinal

(his former professor), with Cardinal Pietro Gasparri and Archbishop Enrico Grazioli serving as co-consecrators, at the church of

Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio The Basilica of Saints John and Paul on the Caelian Hill (Italian: ''Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio'') is an ancient basilica church in Rome, located on the Caelian Hill. It was originally built in 398. It is home to the Passionis ...

in Rome. He then returned to Philadelphia and recruited five priests to join him in the Philippines, including

Daniel James Gercke Daniel James Gercke (October 9, 1874 – March 19, 1964) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Tucson in Arizona from 1923 to 1960. Biography Early life Daniel Gercke was born in the ...

and John Bernard MacGinley. The bishop and his priests left Philadelphia on August 24 and arrived at the diocesan seat in Vigan on October 22. War had left many Catholic institutions in a state of disrepair, and several church properties were under the control of Aglipay and his supporters, including the

Vigan Cathedral Vigan Cathedral, canonically known as the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Conversion of St. Paul the Apostle is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines. It serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia. I ...

. Dougherty's arrival was not welcomed by the Filipinos who wanted a native clergy; in September 1904, Bishop Thomas Augustine Hendrick mentioned to President Theodore Roosevelt that "three attempts have been made to murder Bishop Dougherty of Vigan..." Dougherty managed to recover church property by forcing Aglipay to unsuccessfully prove ownership in court, and he made house-to-house visits in Vigan to collect funds to repair the cathedral. The diocesan seminary, which had been occupied by American troops during the war, was reopened in June 1904 and staffed by the Jesuits. A girls' academy was also reopened under the care of the

Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres The Congregation of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres (SPC) is a Roman Catholic religious apostolic missionary congregation of pontifical right for teaching, nursing, visiting the poor and taking care of orphans, the old and infirm, and the me ...

, who established a second academy in Tuguegarao. Dougherty toured the diocese on horseback and by canoe, confirming as many as 70,000 children at a time.

Jaro

Following the death of Bishop Frederick Z. Rooker, Dougherty was appointed to succeed him as Bishop of Jaro on June 21, 1908. His new diocese had a Catholic population of 1.3 million but only half of the 151 churches had resident pastors. During his tenure in Jaro, Dougherty managed to find pastors for 41 churches while also establishing six new parishes and converting 12 missions into parishes. He opened a hospital staffed by the Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres, who had worked with him in Nueva Segovia. To combat the efforts of Protestant missionaries in the Philippines, Dougherty operated a movie theater where the price of admission was a Protestant Bible. After San Francisco's auxiliary bishop

Denis J. O'Connell Denis J. O'Connell (January 28, 1849 – January 1, 1927) was an Irish-born American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Richmond in Virginia from 1912 to 1926. He previously served as an auxiliary bi ...

was made Bishop of Richmond in 1912, Archbishop

Patrick William Riordan Patrick William Riordan (August 27, 1841 – December 27, 1914) was a Canadian-born American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of San Francisco from 1884 until his death in 1914. He served during the 1906 San Francisco e ...

sought a

coadjutor bishop A coadjutor bishop (or bishop coadjutor) is a bishop in the Catholic, Anglican, and (historically) Eastern Orthodox churches whose main role is to assist the diocesan bishop in the administration of the diocese. The coadjutor (literally, "co ...

and his first choice was Dougherty, whom he had met when Dougherty stopped in San Francisco en route to the Philippines for the first time. Dougherty expressed his willingness to accept the post in San Francisco, but the move was vetoed by Cardinal

Rafael Merry del Val Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta, (10 October 1865 – 26 February 1930) was a Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal. Before becoming a cardinal, he served as the secretary of the papal conclave of 1903 that elected Pope Pius X, who is said to have ac ...

, believing Dougherty was needed more in the Philippines.

Bishop of Buffalo

After 12 years in the Philippines, Dougherty's health was beginning to fail and he requested to return to the United States in 1915. Bishop

Charles H. Colton Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was " ...

of the

Diocese of Buffalo The Diocese of Buffalo is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church headquartered in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is a suffragan diocese within the metropolitan province of the Archdiocese of New York. The Diocese of Buffalo includ ...

died in May that year, followed by Archbishop

James Edward Quigley James Edward Quigley (October 15, 1854 – July 10, 1915) was a Canadian-born prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo in New York (1897–1903) and archbishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago in Illinois (1903� ...

of the Archdiocese of Chicago in July. Dougherty was initially slated for Chicago while Auxiliary Bishop

George Mundelein George William Mundelein (July 2, 1872 – October 2, 1939) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Chicago from 1915 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1924. Early life and ministry ...

of Brooklyn was slated for Buffalo. However, when rumors of Rome's intentions reached the British government, it reportedly objected to having a German bishop like Mundelein so close to the Canadian border during World War I. The appointments were switched and Dougherty was named Bishop of Buffalo on December 9, 1915. Dougherty formally took charge of his new diocese on June 7, 1916, when he was installed at St. Joseph Cathedral. At the time of Dougherty's arrival, the diocese was burdened with a debt of $1.6 million from the construction of the new cathedral. Dougherty almost completely eliminated that debt by taxing the diocese's parishes according to their means. During his tenure, he also established 15 new parishes and supported the war effort through liberty bond campaigns and Red Cross drives.

Archbishop of Philadelphia

Following the death of Archbishop

Edmond Francis Prendergast Edmond Francis Prendergast (May 3, 1843 – February 26, 1918) was an Irish-born prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the third Archbishop of Philadelphia from 1911 until his death in 1918. Biography Edmond Prendergast was born in Clonmel ...

, Dougherty was appointed

by Pope Benedict XV on May 1, 1918. Upon his homecoming, he was installed on July 10, 1918 at the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, in a ceremony presided over by Cardinal

James Gibbons James Cardinal Gibbons (July 23, 1834 – March 24, 1921) was a senior-ranking American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Apostolic Vicar of North Carolina from 1868 to 1872, Bishop of Richmond from 1872 to 1877, and as ninth ...

. Similar to his time as a seminary professor, Dougherty was known as the "strictest disciplinarian... horules his clergy with an iron hand, insists on punctuality, obedience, deference." He was also known as "God's Bricklayer" for his massive expansion of the archdiocese. During his 33-year tenure in Philadelphia, the number of Catholics in the archdiocese increased from approximately 710,000 to 1,031,866; priests from 779 to 1,910; religious sisters from 3,884 to 6,819; churches from 327 to 397; hospitals from six to 18; parochial schools from 180 to 325; high schools from three to 56; and colleges from three to seven. Among the colleges founded during his tenure were Immaculata University (1920),

Rosemont College , mottoeng = I will lift my eyes up to the hills , established = 1921 , type = Private college , religious_affiliation = Roman Catholic (Society of the Holy Child Jesus) , president = J ...

(1921), Chestnut Hill College (1924), and

Gwynedd Mercy University Gwynedd Mercy University (GMercyU) is a private Roman Catholic university in Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania. It occupies a campus in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Gwynedd Mercy University was founded in 1948, as Gwynedd-Mercy College ...

(1948).

1918 influenza pandemic

Very early into Dougherty's tenure as archbishop, the

1918 influenza pandemic The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was ...

struck Philadelphia. More than 17,500 Philadelphians died in the first six months of the pandemic, with a single-day high of 837. The

Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade The Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade was a parade in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 28, 1918, organized to promote government bonds that helped pay for the needs of Allied troops in World War I. More than 200,000 Philadelphians atten ...

, held nearly three months after Dougherty's arrival, resulted in 12,000 deaths alone. Dougherty authorized the use of church facilities as temporary hospitals. Many nuns worked as nurses and Dougherty asked for volunteer gravediggers among the students at St. Charles Seminary. In compliance with the state Board of Health's order in October 1918, Dougherty closed all churches and schools to public gatherings. When the pandemic subsided, Mayor Thomas B. Smith expressed his gratitude to Dougherty by saying, "I look upon the services rendered by the Archbishop and the nuns as one of the most potent aids in making the headway we have toward getting control of the epidemic."

Cardinal

On February 13, 1921, it was announced that Pope Benedict XV would elevate Dougherty to the College of Cardinals. He was created Cardinal-Priest of ''

Santi Nereo e Achilleo Santi Nereo ed Achilleo is a fourth-century basilica church in Rome, Italy, located in via delle Terme di Caracalla in the rione Celio facing the main entrance to the Baths of Caracalla. It has been the titular church of Cardinal Celestino Aós ...

'' in the consistory of March 7, 1921. He was the first Archbishop of Philadelphia to serve as a cardinal, beginning a tradition that would last for 90 years. As a cardinal, Dougherty served as a member of the congregations for Discipline of the Sacraments, Rites, Propagation of the Faith, and Oriental Churches. Dougherty was unable to participate in the first

papal conclave A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the Apostolic succession, apostolic successor of Saint ...

following his elevation. He was touring the West Indies when Benedict XV died on January 22, 1922. After briefly returning to Philadelphia, he departed from New York with Cardinal

Louis-Nazaire Bégin Louis-Nazaire Bégin (January 10, 1840 – July 18, 1925) was a Canadian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Begin held a doctorate in Sacred Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome and was later appointed Archbishop of Quebec by ...

of Quebec on January 28 but noted that he did not expect to arrive in time for the conclave, which was scheduled to begin on February 2. Their ship was delayed by severe storms, and they received news of the election of

Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City fro ...

while at sea. Cardinal William Henry O'Connell of Boston also missed the conclave, leaving no American electors. After arriving in Rome on February 9, Dougherty had a private audience with the new pope, who had relatives living in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Dougherty was able to participate in the 1939 conclave that elected

Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII ( it, Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (; 2 March 18769 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958. Before his e ...

Catholic education

Dougherty, whose entire time as a priest was spent in teaching, was insistent on the establishment of a parochial school at every parish. He frequently threatened to suspend priests who were unwilling to follow this directive, believing, "A parochial school is a necessity, especially in this country where our children breathe in an atmosphere of hersey, unbelief, and sometimes irreligion...Priests and parents are bound to provide a religious education for children." In an address to the graduating class of Villanova University in June 1921, Dougherty denounced plans for a federal Department of Education, saying, "We give notice that we will never permit our Catholic schools to be controlled by a clique of politicians in Washington."

Ethnic groups

To offset the intensifying efforts of Protestant evangelization among Italian Philadelphians, Dougherty introduced Italian classes at St. Charles Borromeo Seminary and placed priests who had studied in Rome at Italian churches. However, he also discouraged Italian religious festivals like the Feast of San Gennaro, which were popular elsewhere in the country, to encourage assimilation. Tensions between Dougherty and the Italian Catholic community reached a high point in 1933, when the cardinal's plan to close the Italian-speaking parish of Our Lady of Good Counsel in South Philadelphia sparked a riot. On the eve of the parish's closure, thousands of parishioners occupied the church and even held a priest hostage for five months. The congregation took the case to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania but lost, and Dougherty finally closed the church in 1937. From 1921 until his death in 1951, Dougherty served as president of the

Commission for the Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians The Commission for the Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians is a U.S. Roman Catholic institution that administers a national annual appeal in support of Catholic mission work. History In 1884 at the Third Plenary Council of Ba ...

. He encouraged the work of Mother (now Saint) Katharine Drexel among Native Americans and African Americans, and once wrote, "Perhaps the greatest problem confronting the nation is that of the colored race, who were brought here as slaves and have been abandoned to their fate." In 1923, he declared that elementary school admissions would be based on parish residence, regardless of race, ending a policy of sending Black children to schools in predominantly Black parishes. The following year he established Holy Savior Church (now St. Ignatius) in West Philadelphia, where the

Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament The Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament (SBS) are a Catholic order of religious sisters in the United States. They were founded in 1891 by Katharine Drexel as the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People. During her life, Saint ...

also opened a convent in 1925. Holy Redeemer Church for Chinese Catholics was opened in 1941 and visited by Cardinal Thomas Tien Ken-sin in 1946.

Movie theater ban

In May 1934, Dougherty forbid Catholics in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia from entering movie theaters, declaring that the film industry's focus on "sex and crime" was a "vicious and insidious attack...on the very foundations of our Christian civilization." He added: "The only argument likely to be heard now is that which affects the box office." As a result, ticket sales soon plummeted by 20-40 percent. Due to the decrease in revenue, many studio executives and other public figures begged Dougherty to end the boycott, including Samuel Goldwyn and John B. Kelly Sr. He twice refused to arrange a meeting with Harry Warner. While Dougherty never revoked the ban, Catholics gradually returned to theaters. In June 1934, one Philadelphia Catholic, Joseph Breen, was appointed to head the newly created

Production Code Administration The Motion Picture Association (MPA) is an American trade association representing the Major film studios#Present, five major film studios of the United States, as well as the video streaming service Netflix. Founded in 1922 as the Motion Pic ...

and apply the Hays Code to film production.

Handling of sexual abuse cases

According to an official history of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Dougherty "reserved the appointment of pastors to himself." A 2005 grand jury report included at least two priests during Dougherty's tenure (1918-1951) who were accused of sexual abuse and transferred to other parishes: *Rev. Gerard W. Chambers was accused of molesting numerous altar boys during his 40 years as a priest in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, and was transferred to 11 different parishes under Dougherty's tenure between 1934 and 1949. *Rev. Joseph P. Gausch wrote letters to another priest detailing his abuse of young boys, which were brought to Dougherty's attention in 1948. After being sent to a hospital in Wisconsin to do "penance," Gausch was assigned to St. Anthony of Padua Parish in Easton in 1949.

Later life and death

During the

1948 presidential election The following elections occurred in the year 1948. Africa * 1948 Mauritian general election * 1948 South African general election * 1948 Southern Rhodesian general election Asia * 1948 North Korean parliamentary election * 1948 Republic of China ...

, Dougherty gave the invocation at the

Republican National Convention The Republican National Convention (RNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1856 by the United States Republican Party. They are administered by the Republican National Committee. The goal of the Repu ...

and later the

Democratic National Convention The Democratic National Convention (DNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the United States Democratic Party. They have been administered by the Democratic National Committee since the 1852 ...

, both of which were held in Philadelphia that year. In February 1949, he held his first press conference since becoming a cardinal in 1921 to denounce the treatment of Cardinal

József Mindszenty József Mindszenty (; 29 March 18926 May 1975) was a Hungarian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Esztergom and leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary from 1945 to 1973. According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', ...

, whose trial in Hungary he labeled a "mockery of justice." On the morning of May 31, 1951, shortly after celebrating a private Mass marking the 61st anniversary of his priestly ordination, Dougherty died from a stroke at his residence. His funeral Mass was celebrated by Bishop J. Carroll McCormick, Dougherty's nephew and an auxiliary bishop of Philadelphia. He is buried in the crypt of the

Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul The Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, head church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia, is located at 18th Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, on the east side of Logan Square in Philadelphia. It was built between ...

. Cardinal Dougherty High School in Philadelphia is named in his honor.

References

Sources

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Dougherty, Dennis Joseph 1865 births 1951 deaths 20th-century American cardinals American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent Pontifical Urban University alumni Pontifical North American College alumni Roman Catholic archbishops of Philadelphia Burials at the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul (Philadelphia) People from Ashland, Pennsylvania Roman Catholic bishops of Buffalo Roman Catholic bishops of Nueva Segovia Roman Catholic bishops of Jaro