''Canarina canariensis'' is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

in the bellflower

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Campanulaceae, commonly known as the Canary Island bellflower, and known locally as bicácaro.

Description

It is a scrambling

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

with

glabrous Glabrousness (from the Latin ''glaber'' meaning "bald", "hairless", "shaved", "smooth") is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of ...

(smooth),

glaucous ''Glaucous'' (, ) is used to describe the pale grey or bluish-green appearance of the surfaces of some plants, as well as in the names of birds, such as the glaucous gull (''Larus hyperboreus''), glaucous-winged gull (''Larus glaucescens''), g ...

(grey-green) leaves, The leaves are opposite,

petiolate Petiole may refer to: *Petiole (botany), the stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade to the stem *Petiole (insect anatomy) In entomology, petiole is the technical term for the narrow waist of some hymenopteran insects, especially ants, bees, a ...

, triangular or hastate with dentate margins.

Latex Latex is an emulsion (stable dispersion) of polymer microparticles in water. Latexes are found in nature, but synthetic latexes are common as well. In nature, latex is found as a milky fluid found in 10% of all flowering plants (angiosperms ...

is present. There are no

stipule In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...

s. Flowers are axillary, solitary, bell-shaped, 3–6 cm long, orange (darkening when dried). It has a thick tuberous root, from which hollow, scrambling stems about 3 m are produced each year. The fruit is a large ovate, fleshy berry, orange when ripe, and edible. The species is bird pollinated by

passerine A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped'), which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines are distinguished from other orders of birds by t ...

species such as the chiffchaff.

Distribution

''Canarina canariensis'' is endemic to the

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...

. *

Tenerife Tenerife (; ; formerly spelled ''Teneriffe'') is the largest and most populous island of the Canary Islands. It is home to 43% of the total population of the archipelago. With a land area of and a population of 978,100 inhabitants as of Janu ...

: Frequent in laurel forests and forest margins,

Anaga Macizo de Anaga is a mountain range in the northeastern part of the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands. The highest point is 1,024 m (Cruz de Taborno). It stretches from the Punta de Anaga in the northeast to Cruz del Carmen in the sou ...

region, north coast from

Orotava Orotava is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. Species *''Orotava cribrata'' (Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot, Bigot, 1891) *''Orotava hamula'' (Johannes C. H. de Meijere, Meijere, 1914) References

Tephritinae ...

Los Silos Los Silos is a municipality and town in the northwestern part of the island Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. It is located on the north coast, 57 km West of the capital Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Its name first appears in 1509, when the agricul ...

300–1000 m, local in the south of the island. *

Gran Canaria Gran Canaria (, ; ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa which is part of Spain. the island had a population of that co ...

: Los Tiles de Moya, frequent in the laurel woods, very depleted in other localities near San Mateo, Santa Brigida, Pino Santo,

Teror Teror is a town and a municipality in the northern part of the island of Gran Canaria in the Province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands. Its population is 12,671 (2013),La Palma La Palma (, ), also known as ''La isla bonita'' () and officially San Miguel de La Palma, is the most north-westerly island of the Canary Islands, Spain. La Palma has an area of making it the fifth largest of the eight main Canary Islands. The ...

: Mazo, Los Tilos, Barranco Nogales etc., open areas in laurel forests or forest relicts. *

La Gomera La Gomera () is one of Spain's Canary Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. With an area of , it is the third smallest of the eight main islands of this archipelago. It belongs to the province of Santa Cruz de Tene ...

: Rare in the forest regions. *

El Hierro El Hierro, nicknamed ''Isla del Meridiano'' (the "Meridian Island"), is the second-smallest and farthest-south and -west of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a populatio ...

: Frontera, las Playas etc.

Cultivation

This species is valued in cultivation for its scrambling habit and attractive deep orange bell flowers. As it does not tolerate temperatures below , in temperate regions it must be grown under glass. It can be expected to reach in height. In cultivation in the UK it has gained the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nort ...

’s

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

Gallery

Canarina canariensis BotGardBln1105c.jpg Canarina canariensis BotGardBln1105a.jpg Canarina canariensis 02 ts.jpg Canarina canariensis - Berlin.jpg Canarina canariensis Tenerife (02).jpg Canarina canariensis .jpg Canarina canariensis JBCVC.JPG IMG 4218-Canarina canariensis.jpg 05-132 Glockenblumen.jpg Canarina canariensis RBGK.JPG Canarina canariensis (Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo).jpg Canarina canariensis aragorn05.JPG Canarina canariensis dbapa24.jpg Canarina canariensis seeds, by Omar Hoftun.jpg, Seeds Canarina canariensis 01 ies.jpg, Tuberous root Canarina canariensis 02 ies.jpg, Tuberous root

References

External links

* http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Canarina * https://web.archive.org/web/20120518002731/http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Canarina-canariensis.htm * http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2291 {{Taxonbar, from=Q261340 Campanuloideae Flora of the Canary Islands Endemic flora of the Canary Islands Endemic flora of Macaronesia Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus