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Caesalpinioideae is a
botanical name A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the ''Interna ...
at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or
Leguminosae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...
. Its name is formed from the generic name ''
Caesalpinia ''Caesalpinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. Historically, membership within the genus has been highly variable, with different publications including anywhere from 70 to 165 species, depending largely on the inclusion o ...
''. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae are mainly trees distributed in the moist tropics, but include such temperate species as the honeylocust (''
Gleditsia triacanthos The honey locust (''Gleditsia triacanthos''), also known as the thorny locust or thorny honeylocust, is a deciduous tree in the family Fabaceae, native to central North America where it is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys. Honey ...
'') and Kentucky coffeetree (''
Gymnocladus dioicus The Kentucky coffeetree (''Gymnocladus dioicus''), also known as American coffee berry, Kentucky mahogany, nicker tree, and stump tree, is a tree in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the legume family Fabaceae, native to the Midwest, Upper South, ...
''). It has the following clade-based definition:
The most inclusive
crown clade In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. ...
containing ''
Arcoa gonavensis ''Arcoa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Arcoa is monotypic, with the single species ''Arcoa gonavensis''. It is endemic to Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Españ ...
'' Urb. and ''
Mimosa pudica ''Mimosa pudica'' (from la, pudica "shy, bashful or shrinking"; also called sensitive plant, sleepy plant, action plant, touch-me-not, shameplant) is a creeping annual or perennial flowering plant of the pea/legume family Fabaceae. It is often ...
'' L., but not '' Bobgunnia fistuloides'' (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema, ''
Duparquetia orchidacea ''Duparquetia orchidacea'' is a liana which is native to tropical west Africa. It is the only species in the subfamily Duparquetioideae. It is found in humid tropical forests in West and Central Africa. It is a basal member of the Fabaceae ...
'' Baill., or '' Poeppigia procera'' C.Presl
In some classifications, for example the
Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) ...
, the group is recognized at the rank of family, Caesalpiniaceae.


Characteristics

* Specialised
extrafloral nectaries Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualis ...
often present on the petiole and / or on the primary and secondary rachises, usually between pinnae or leaflet pairs *
Leaves A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, ste ...
commonly bipinnate * Inflorescences globose, spicate *
Aestivation Aestivation ( la, aestas (summer); also spelled estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a ...
valvate *
Anther The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...
s often with a stipitate or sessile apical gland * Pollen commonly in tetrads, bitetrads or polyads * Seeds usually with an open or closed pleurogram on both faces *
Root nodule Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known a ...
s variably present and indeterminate


Taxonomy

* Caesalpinieae Clade * Cassieae Clade ** ''
Batesia ''Batesia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its na ...
'' Spruce ** '' Cassia'' L. ** ''
Chamaecrista ''Chamaecrista'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Members of the genus are commonly known as sensitive pea. Several species are capable of rapid plant movement. Unlike the related genera '' ...
'' Moench ** ''
Melanoxylum ''Melanoxylum'' is the genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species a ...
'' Schott ** ''
Recordoxylon ''Recordoxylon'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Currently, there is no commercial usage for it, not as decoration nor for its nutritive properties. The genus name of ' ...
'' Ducke ** '' Senna'' Mill. ** '' Vouacapoua'' Aubl. * ''Dimorphandra'' Group A ** '' Burkea'' Benth. ** '' Campsiandra'' Benth. ** '' Dimorphandra'' Schott ''
pro parte The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...
'' ** '' Dinizia'' Ducke ** '' Mora'' Benth. ** '' Stachyothyrsus'' Harms * ''Dimorphandra'' Group B ** '' Dimorphandra'' Schott ''pro parte'' ** '' Diptychandra'' Tul. ** ''
Erythrophleum ''Erythrophleum'' is a genus of legume in the family Fabaceae. A partial list of species includes: * '' Erythrophleum africanum'' * '' Erythrophleum chlorostachys'' * '' Erythrophleum couminga'' Baill.Moldenhawera ''Moldenhawera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its ...
'' Schrad. ** '' Pachyelasma'' Harms ** '' Sympetalandra'' Stapf ** Mimosoid clade (~40 genera) * ''Peltophorum'' Clade ** ''
Bussea ''Bussea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. Species include:''Bussea''.
T ...
'' Harms ** '' Colvillea'' Bojer ex Hook. ** '' Conzattia'' Rose ** ''
Delonix ''Delonix'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It contains trees that are native to Madagascar and East Africa. By far the best known species is the Royal Poinciana ('' D. regia''). The name of th ...
'' Raf. ** '' Heteroflorum'' M. Sousa ** '' Lemuropisum'' H.Perrier ** ''
Parkinsonia ''Parkinsonia'' , also ''Cercidium'' , is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains about 12 species that are native to semi-desert regions of Africa and the Americas. The name of the genus honors English apothecary ...
'' L. ** ''
Peltophorum ''Peltophorum'' is a genus of 5–15 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The genus is native to certain tropical regions across the world. The species are medium-sized to large trees growing up to 15– ...
'' (Vogel) Benth. ** '' Schizolobium'' Vogel * ''Tachigali'' Clade ** '' Arapatiella'' Rizzini & A.Mattos ** '' Jacqueshuberia'' Ducke ** '' Sclerolobium'' Vogel ** ''
Tachigali ''Tachigali'' is a flowering plant genus in the legume family (biology), family (Fabaceae) that contains 54 species. Species include: * ''Tachigali multijuga'' Benth. (= ''T. paratyensis'' (Vell.) H.C. Lima) * ''Tachigali myrmecophila'' * ''Tach ...
'' Aubl. * ''Umtiza'' Clade ** '' Acrocarpus'' Wight & Arn. ** '' Arcoa'' Urb. ** ''
Ceratonia ''Ceratonia'' is small genus of flowering trees in the pea family, Fabaceae, endemic to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Its best known member, the carob tree, is cultivated for its pods and has been widely introduced to regions ...
'' L. ** ''
Gleditsia ''Gleditsia'' (honey locust) is a genus of trees in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, native to North America and Asia. The Latin name commemorates Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, director of the Berlin Botanical Garden, who died in ...
'' L. ** '' Gymnocladus'' Lam. ** '' Tetrapterocarpon'' Humbert ** '' Umtiza'' Sim * Unassigned ** '' Pterogyne'' Tul.


Phylogenetics

Caesalpinioideae, as it was traditionally circumscribed, was paraphyletic. Several
molecular phylogenies Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
in the early 2000s showed that the other two subfamilies of Fabaceae ( Faboideae and Mimosoideae) were both nested within Caesalpinioideae. Consequently, the subfamilies of Fabaceae were reorganized to make them monophyletic. Caesalpinioideae, as currently defined, contains the following subclades:


References

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q157156 Rosid subfamilies