CPC Politburo Standing Committee
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The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Historically it has been composed of five to eleven members, and currently has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the
Politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contraction ...
, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to the party's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. According to the party's Constitution, the party's
Central Committee Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of Communist party, communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party org ...
elects the Politburo Standing Committee. In practice, however, this is only a formality. The method by which membership is determined has evolved over time. During the Mao Zedong era, Mao himself selected and expelled members, while during the Deng Xiaoping era consultations among party elders on the Central Advisory Commission determined membership. Since the 1990s, Politburo membership has been determined through deliberations and straw polls by incumbent and retired members of both the Politburo and the Standing Committee. The PSC is theoretically responsible to the Politburo, which is in turn responsible to the larger Central Committee. In practice, the Standing Committee is supreme over its parent bodies. Additionally, because China is a one-party state, Standing Committee decisions ''de facto'' have the force of law. Its membership is closely watched by both the national media as well as political watchers abroad. Historically, the role of the PSC has varied and evolved. During the Cultural Revolution, for example, the PSC had little power. The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in protocol sequence. Historically, the General Secretary (or Party Chairman) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the General Secretary, President, Premier, first-ranked Vice Premier, Chairman of the National People's Congress, the Chairman of the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, zh, 中国人民政治协商会议), also known as the People's PCC (, ) or simply the PCC (), is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of ...
, the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee. The portfolios of additional members varied.


Terminology

The Politburo Standing Committee is technically responsible to the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party. In Chinese political usage, a "Standing Committee" (常务委员会, ''Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì'') simply refers to a body that carries out the day-to-day affairs of its parent organ, in this case, the Politburo. The Politburo, in turn, is a policy making body that is formally responsible to the larger Central Committee, which meets at plenary sessions usually once every year. "Politburo Standing Committee" is the most commonly used name to refer to the body in English-language media. It is sometimes abbreviated PSC or PBSC (if "Politburo" is written as "Political Bureau"). It can also be referred to informally as simply the "Standing Committee". In its official English-language press releases, Chinese state media refers to the body by its lengthier, formal name, "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee". In turn, its members are officially referred to as "Members of Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee". These official forms are rarely used by English-language newspapers outside of mainland China. In official Chinese-language announcements, the most commonly used name for members of the body is ''Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěi'' (中共中央政治局常委); this is an abbreviation of the much lengthier official title of ''Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì Wěiyuán'' (中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会委员). As even the officially abbreviated terminology may still be too lengthy and unwieldy, some media outlets refer to PSC members as ''Zhèngzhìjú Chángwěi'' (政治局常委) or simply ''Chángwěi'' (常委). Do note that without any context, ''Changwei'' may still be an ambiguous term, as provincial and local party committees all have a Standing Committee, the members of this committee can also be known as ''Changwei''.


History


Early history

The first Standing Committee was formed in July 1928, at a meeting of the
6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party 6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number. In mathematics Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second small ...
. Between January 1934 and the 1st plenary session of the
8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party The 8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in two sessions, the first 15–27 September 1956 and the second 5–23 May 1958 in Beijing. It was the first Congress of the Chinese Communist Party since the start of it taking ...
in 1956, the Standing Committee was replaced by the Central Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party. During the early history of the Communist Party it was seen as the highest central body that was intended to carry out day-to-day work of the Party's Central Committee. It was composed of the top leadership figures of the larger Political Bureau (i.e., the "
Politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contraction ...
"). Unlike most other Communist parties in the world modeled after the party of Lenin, the CCP formed a Standing Committee because the Politburo (normally the highest organ in a Communist Party) was considered too large and unwieldy to make decisions effectively.


Cultural Revolution

In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, the Politburo Standing Committee ceased normal operations, as many of its key members, such as Chinese President
Liu Shaoqi Liu Shaoqi ( ; 24 November 189812 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, and theorist. He was Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee from 1954 to 1959, First Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from 1956 to 1966 and C ...
and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping, fell out of favour with Chairman Mao. Real power was concentrated in the Cultural Revolution Group, which was nominally reporting to the Politburo Standing Committee but in fact was a separate "centre of authority" that acted mostly on its own accord. At the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, radical supporters of Mao, Chen Boda, and Kang Sheng, gained seats on the Politburo Standing Committee, and it resumed a somewhat normal functioning. The last years of the Cultural Revolution were dominated by internal chaos. Between 1975 and 1976, PSC members Kang Sheng, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and Mao all died. Deng Xiaoping was purged. During this time the body lost any semblance of a functioning policy-making or executive organ, and it met only on an ad hoc basis. By Mao's death in September 1976, the only members who still attended meetings were Hua Guofeng, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, and Ye Jianying, with Zhang and Wang being members of the
Gang of Four The Gang of Four () was a Maoist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) and were later charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The gang ...
. On 6 October, Hua Guofeng called a PSC meeting ostensibly to discuss Mao's legacy and memorial arrangements, inviting the active PSC members to attend. Wang and Zhang were both arrested at the meeting and accused of "counter-revolutionary crimes". Thereafter, only Ye and Hua continued their official duties. A functioning PSC was not restored until 1977.


After economic reforms

After taking power in 1978, one of the goals of Deng Xiaoping was to strengthen the power of the party and institutionalize bodies such as the Politburo and its Standing Committee. For much of the 1980s, the PSC was restored as the party's supreme decision making body. The Committee was again organized on the basis of
democratic centralism Democratic centralism is a practice in which political decisions reached by voting processes are binding upon all members of the political party. It is mainly associated with Leninism, wherein the party's political vanguard of professional revo ...
, that is, decisions were to be made based on consensus, and, failing that, decisions are taken by majority vote; once a decision is taken the entire body speaks with one voice. However, the PSC competed with retired party elders (organized as the Central Advisory Commission, though they made most of their decisions informally) for influence. Deng Xiaoping himself bridged the two bodies, and his informal clout translated to great political power personally. In 1987, Deng and other party elders ousted then General Secretary Hu Yaobang from the PSC, replacing him with Zhao Ziyang. In 1989, Deng and various party elders ordered the military to intervene in the
1989 Tiananmen Square protests The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth ...
without gaining the consensus of the PSC. Zhao was opposed to declaring martial law and broke with other members of the PSC, notably Premier Li Peng. In the aftermath, Zhao and
Hu Qili Hu Qili (; born 6 October 1929) is a former high-ranking politician of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee and a member of its Secretariat between 1987 and 1989. In 1989, he was purged becaus ...
were removed from the PSC at the Fourth Plenum in 1989, largely by fiat of Deng and the elders rather than institutional procedure, to be replaced by Jiang Zemin and Li Ruihuan. The operation of the Standing Committee has remained largely stable since Tiananmen in 1989. The 1989 Plenum was the last occasion where a major reshuffle of the PSC occurred. At the 14th Party Congress in 1992, seven people – Jiang, Li Peng,
Qiao Shi Qiao Shi (24 December 1924 – 14 June 2015) was a Chinese politician and one of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was a member of the party's top decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee, from 1987 to 1997. ...
, Li Ruihuan, Zhu Rongji,
Liu Huaqing Liu Huaqing (; 1 October 1916 – 14 January 2011) was Chinese revolutionary and an admiral of the People's Liberation Army Navy, who served as the third Commander-in-Chief of the Navy from 1982 through 1988. He is considered to have greatly co ...
, and
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, an ...
– were named to the Standing Committee, this arrangement remained unchanged until the regularly scheduled 15th Party Congress in 1997, where Qiao Shi and Liu Huaqing retired and were replaced by Wei Jianxing and
Li Lanqing Li Lanqing (; born 22 May 1932) is a retired Chinese politician who served as first-ranked Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China between 1998 and 2003. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ...
, showing the first signs that the PSC would become a term-based body operating on a fixed schedule. Liu Huaqing was also the last PSC member with a military background. In 1999, Vice President Hu Jintao also became
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission The vice chairman of the Central Military Commission serves as the deputy to the CMC Chairman. Currently, two generals of the People's Liberation Army are serving as vice chairmen and they are He Weidong and Zhang Youxia. Party commissions CC ...
, as he was being groomed to succeed Jiang. This was the first time Vice President had occupied the post of Vice Chairman of the CMC. At the
16th Party Congress The 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between November 8 and 14, 2002. It was preceded by the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,114 delegates and 40 specially invited delegates ...
held in 2002, the Standing Committee was expanded from seven to nine members. Some political observers speculated that the expansion was done in order to stack the new Standing Committee with loyalists of Jiang Zemin, though this characterization has been disputed. During Hu Jintao's term as General Secretary (2002–2012), the PSC could be understood as a "leadership collective" or a "joint presidency"; that is, essentially a body operating on consensus that executes powers normally granted to a single officeholder. The 16th Party Congress also saw Li Changchun gain a seat on the PSC without a formally defined portfolio, though he was widely considered to be the "propaganda chief". Huang Ju died in June 2007, becoming the first sitting PSC member to die in office since 1976. His vacancy was not filled ostensibly because it was only a few months preceding a Party Congress, making the body operate temporarily with an eight-member structure. The 17th Party Congress maintained roughly the same structure as the 16th. At the
18th Party Congress The 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held November 8-15, 2012 at the Great Hall of the People. It was preceded by the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Due to term and age limits restrictions, seven o ...
held in 2012, membership of the PSC was yet again reduced to seven members. The head of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission did not feature in the new Standing Committee, neither did the Vice-President. The positions of executive secretary of the Secretariat and that of "propaganda chief" were consolidated into one person, Liu Yunshan.


Contemporary selection method and considerations

Selection of members is believed to be largely the result of high-level deliberations among incumbent members of the party's Politburo and PSC as well as retired PSC members. Prospective candidates for membership in the PSC typically rely on individual members of this high level group to act as their patrons. The current and former Politburo members conduct several rounds of deliberations interspersed with a series of straw polls to determine their support for the candidacy of new Politburo and PSC members. These straw polls are not binding and instead reflect the evolving consensus of the group on a new member's candidacy. The Politburo may also conduct a straw poll of all incumbent Central Committee members on the candidacy of new Politburo and PSC members, but this poll is only consultative. The process of selecting the new Politburo and PSC begins with a closed door session of the incumbent PSC at Beidaihe in the last summer before the Party Congress convenes in the fall. The list of Politburo and PSC candidates for the Central Committee to formally confirm is usually complete several weeks before the Party Congress. According to informed academic observers such as Cheng Li, a scholar at Brookings Institution, and
Susan Shirk Susan L. Shirk (born 1945) is a professor at the School of Global Policy and Strategy at the University of California, San Diego. Her research field is Chinese politics. Shirk served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the Bureau of East ...
of the
Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies The School of Global Policy and Strategy (GPS) at the University of California San Diego, formerly the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies (IR/PS), is devoted to the study of international affairs, economics, and policy ...
, rise in the Chinese political system and selection to the Standing Committee depends more on loyalty to powerful patrons than on ability. It was widely believed, for example, that the Standing Committee line-up of the 16th Party Congress included several members who were elevated based on their relationship with outgoing General Secretary Jiang Zemin, including, most notably, Zeng Qinghong, Huang Ju, and Jia Qinglin. Much has been written on the divide between
Princelings The Princelings (), also translated as the Party's Crown Princes, are the descendants of prominent and influential senior communist officials in the People's Republic of China. It is an informal, and often derogatory, categorization to signify tho ...
and the '' Tuanpai'' ( Youth League faction) between the 16th and 18th Congresses, though it is not precisely known to what extent factional identity played in the selection of PSC members. Seniority also played an important role. It was established convention that a member of the PSC must have served for at least one term on the Politburo prior to entry to the PSC. However, this "rule" had been broken several times by those destined for party leader or the premiership, most notably with Zhu Rongji and
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, an ...
in 1992, and Li Keqiang and Xi Jinping in 2007. Jiang Zemin was also in the middle of serving out his first term on the Politburo before he was suddenly made General Secretary and thus a member of the PSC in 1989. Since the late 1990s, nearly all PSC members have experience as a party chief of a province or a direct-controlled municipality. Of the 29 Standing Committee members inaugurated to the body since 1997, only six individuals have not held regional party chief positions: Li Peng, Wen Jiabao, Li Lanqing, Luo Gan, Liu Yunshan, Wang Huning, and Ding Xuexiang; of these, only three – Li Peng, Wen Jiabao, and Wang Huning have never served in a regional leadership role. Age is also key. For instance, since 1989, all Standing Committee members have been at least 50 years old at the time of their appointment. Hu Jintao was 50 upon his appointment to the PSC at the 14th Party Congress in 1992. Xi Jinping was 54 and Li Keqiang was 52 at their appointment to the PSC at the 17th Party Congress in 2007. At the same time, since the 16th Party Congress in 2002, PSC members who were 68 or older at the time of a Party Congress have retired without exception. This has been known as the rule of ''qi-shang, ba-xia'' (七上八下; lit. "seven up, eight down"), referring to the fact that if a PSC member is 68 or older at the time of a party congress, he must retire, but if he is 67 or younger, he may still enter the committee. Recently, however, doubt has been cast over this "rule". A senior party cadre named Deng Maosheng, in a statement to state-run news agency Xinhua in October 2016, stated that "The strict boundaries of 'seven up, eight down' don’t exist. This is something from folklore, and cannot be trusted." In 2002, apart from Hu Jintao, the entire PSC retired and was replaced. Strict age-based retirement instituted in the CCP meant ''de facto'' term limits and relatively high turnover, with the vast majority of members serving for one or two terms. Since 1989, the only PSC member to have served more than three terms on the body was Hu Jintao, who served for four terms between 1992 and 2012. Policy views of ambitious aspirants are routinely concealed in order to gain the broadest level of consensus, with Hu Jintao being a prime example. Various theories have been proposed, mostly by academic outside of mainland China, to discern the 'factions' within a Standing Committee (often between "conservatives" and "reformers"), though in practice due to its opaque operations, faction membership has never been a hard-and-fast rule. Overly showy or high-profile 'campaigning' for the PSC, such as the actions of former Chongqing party secretary Bo Xilai, were considered detrimental to PSC selection.


Current members (in order)

On 23 October 2022, the 20th PSC was elected. Four of the previous PSC members retired. Xi Jinping, Zhao Leji, and Wang Huning retained their seats.


Historical membership and rankings

The following is a list of the historical composition of the Standing Committee since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, listed by official ranking protocol. Those ranked first have held the title of Chairman or General Secretary of the Communist Party. The remaining ranks vary. * 8th PSC (elected September 1956): Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Lin Biao (X), Deng Xiaoping * 8th PSC (Cultural Revolution re-shuffle, elected August 1966): Mao, Lin Biao (X), Zhou Enlai,
Tao Zhu Tao Zhu (; 16 January 1908 – 30 November 1969) was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party . Biography Born in Qiyang, Hunan, Tao Zhu was Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee and Commander of the ...
, Chen Boda (X), Deng Xiaoping, Kang Sheng (X), Liu Shaoqi (R), Zhu De, Li Fuchun, Chen Yun * 9th PSC (elected April 1969): Mao, Lin Biao (D, X), Zhou Enlai, Chen Boda (X), Kang Sheng (X) * 10th PSC (elected August 1973): Mao (D), Hua Guofeng (elevated April 1976), Zhou Enlai (D), Wang Hongwen (X), Kang Sheng (D, X), Ye Jianying,
Li Desheng Li Desheng (; 4 May 1916 – 8 May 2011) was a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He was born in Xin County, Henan, China, an area now known as the "Cradle of Generals" for the large number of senior military officers born in the r ...
, Zhu De (D), Zhang Chunqiao (X), Dong Biwu (D), Deng Xiaoping (elected January 1975) * 11th PSC (elected August 1977): Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing (resigned February 1980), Chen Yun, Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang (elected February 1980) * 12th PSC (elected September 1982): Hu Yaobang (removed January 1987), Ye Jianying (resigned September 1985), Deng Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang, Li Xiannian, Chen Yun * 13th PSC (elected November 1987): Zhao Ziyang, Li Peng,
Qiao Shi Qiao Shi (24 December 1924 – 14 June 2015) was a Chinese politician and one of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was a member of the party's top decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee, from 1987 to 1997. ...
,
Hu Qili Hu Qili (; born 6 October 1929) is a former high-ranking politician of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee and a member of its Secretariat between 1987 and 1989. In 1989, he was purged becaus ...
,
Yao Yilin Yao Yilin (; September 6, 1917 – December 11, 1994) was a Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1979 to 1988, and the country's First Vice Premier from 1988 to 1993. Early life and career He was born in Hong Kong in 1917, and sp ...
* 13th PSC (Post-Tiananmen re-shuffle, elected June 1989): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Yao Yilin, Song Ping, Li Ruihuan *14th PSC (elected October 1992): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Qiao Shi, Li Ruihuan, Zhu Rongji,
Liu Huaqing Liu Huaqing (; 1 October 1916 – 14 January 2011) was Chinese revolutionary and an admiral of the People's Liberation Army Navy, who served as the third Commander-in-Chief of the Navy from 1982 through 1988. He is considered to have greatly co ...
,
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, an ...
* 15th PSC (elected September 1997): Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, Li Ruihuan, Hu Jintao, Wei Jianxing,
Li Lanqing Li Lanqing (; born 22 May 1932) is a retired Chinese politician who served as first-ranked Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China between 1998 and 2003. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ...
* 16th PSC (elected November 2002): Hu Jintao,
Wu Bangguo Wu Bangguo (born 12 July 1941) is a retired high-ranking politician in the People's Republic of China. He was the Chairman and Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 2003 to ...
,
Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the Premier of the State Council from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy ...
, Jia Qinglin, Zeng Qinghong, Huang Ju (D),
Wu Guanzheng Wu Guanzheng (born August 11, 1938), also spelled as Wu Kuan-cheng is a former Chinese politician and one of the major leaders of the Chinese Communist Party during the administration of Hu Jintao. He served on the Politburo Standing Committee ...
, Li Changchun, Luo Gan * 17th PSC (elected October 2007): Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping,
Li Keqiang Li Keqiang (born 1 July 1955) is a Chinese politician who is the outgoing premier of China. An economist by profession, Li is head of China's executive branch as well as one of the leading figures behind China's Financial and Economic Affai ...
,
He Guoqiang He Guoqiang (; born October 1. 1943) is a retired senior leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Between 2007 and 2012, He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), China's highest ruling council, and the Secretary of the Cent ...
, Zhou Yongkang (X) * 18th PSC (elected November 2012): Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang,
Zhang Dejiang Zhang Dejiang (; born 4 November 1946) is a Chinese retired politician. He served as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress, roughly the equivalent of a speaker of parliament in other countries between ...
, Yu Zhengsheng, Liu Yunshan,
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese politician, and the current Vice President of the People's Republic of China. Wang is one of the leading figures behind China's foreign affairs, along with President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Ke ...
, Zhang Gaoli * 19th PSC (elected October 2017): Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu,
Wang Yang Wang Yang may refer to: People *Wang Yang (politician) (born 1955), Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference *Wang Yang (Liaoning politician) (born 1957), former provincial official from Liaoni ...
, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng * 20th PSC (elected October 2022): Xi Jinping,
Li Qiang Li Qiang (; born 23 July 1959) is a Chinese politician and a senior leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), serving as the second-ranking member of the 20th CCP Politburo Standing Committee, behind CCP general secretary Xi Jinping. From 2 ...
, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning,
Cai Qi Cai Qi (; born December 5, 1955) is a Chinese politician, the current First Secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party and the fifth-ranking member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. Cai began his career in Fujian province ...
, Ding Xuexiang, Li Xi Notes: * (D): Died in office. * (X): Expelled from party (including posthumously) * (R): Expelled from the party, then rehabilitated ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:11 PlotArea = top:30 bottom:50 right:140 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/10/1949 till:01/01/2030 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Colors = Id:pl value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: Paramount_leader Id:premier value:rgb(0,1,0) legend: Premier Id:full value:rgb(0,0,1) legend: Standing_Committee Id:time value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) Legend = orientation:vertical position:right Define $prc = 01/10/1949 Define $nc08 = 27/09/1956 Define $nc08a = 12/08/1966 Define $nc09 = 24/04/1969 Define $nc10 = 28/08/1973 Define $nc11 = 18/08/1977 Define $nc12 = 11/09/1982 Define $nc13 = 01/11/1987 Define $nc13a = 24/06/1989 Define $nc14 = 18/10/1992 Define $nc15 = 18/09/1997 Define $nc16 = 14/11/2002 Define $nc17 = 21/10/2007 Define $nc18 = 14/11/2012 Define $nc19 = 24/10/2017 Define $nc20 = 22/10/2022 Define $now = 01/01/2023 LineData = layer:back width:0.1 color:time at:$nc08 at:$nc09 at:$nc10 at:$nc11 at:$nc12 at:$nc13 at:$nc14 at:$nc15 at:$nc16 at:$nc17 at:$nc18 at:$nc19 at:$nc20 TextData = fontsize:8 tabs:(0-right) BarData = barset:PM bar:psc0 bar:psc1 bar:spacer00 bar:maozedong bar:liushaoqi bar:zhouenlai bar:zhude bar:renbishi bar:chenyun bar:dengxiaoping bar:linbiao bar:taozhu bar:chenboda bar:kangsheng bar:lifuchun bar:wanghongwen bar:yejianying bar:lidesheng bar:dongbiwu bar:zhangchunqiao bar:huaguofeng bar:lixiannian bar:wangdongxing bar:huyaobang bar:zhaoziyang bar:lipeng bar:qiaoshi bar:huqili bar:yaoyilin bar:jiangzemin bar:songping bar:liruihuan bar:zhurongji bar:liuhuaqing bar:hujintao bar:weijianxing bar:lilanqing bar:wubangguo bar:wenjiabao bar:jiaqinglin bar:zengqinghong bar:huangju bar:wuguanzheng bar:lichangchun bar:luogan bar:xijinping bar:likeqiang bar:heguoqiang bar:zhouyongkang bar:zhangdejiang bar:yuzhengsheng bar:liuyunshan bar:wangqishan bar:zhanggaoli bar:lizhanshu bar:wangyang bar:wanghuning bar:zhaoleji bar:hanzheng bar:liqiang bar:caiqi bar:dingxuexiang bar:lixi PlotData= width:6 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM bar:psc0 from: $nc08 till: $nc08 color:time text:"
8th 8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. In mathematics 8 is: * a composite number, its proper divisors being , , and . It is twice 4 or four times 2. * a power of two, being 2 (two cubed), and is the first number of t ...
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9th 9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and ...
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10th 10 (ten) is the even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, by far the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language. It is the first double-digit number. The rea ...
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11th 11 (eleven) is the natural number following 10 and preceding 12. It is the first repdigit. In English, it is the smallest positive integer whose name has three syllables. Name "Eleven" derives from the Old English ', which is first attested i ...
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12th 12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13. Twelve is a superior highly composite number, divisible by 2, 3, 4, and 6. It is the number of years required for an orbital period of Jupiter. It is central to many systems ...
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13th In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the note thirteen scale degrees from the root of a chord and also the interval between the root and the thirteenth. The interval can be also described as a compound sixth, spanning an octave pl ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc13 till: $nc13 color:time text:"PSC" bar:psc0 from: $nc14 till: $nc14 color:time text:"
14th 14 (fourteen) is a natural number following 13 (number), 13 and preceding 15 (number), 15. In relation to the word "four" (4), 14 is spelled "fourteen". In mathematics * 14 is a composite number. * 14 is a square pyramidal number. * 14 is a s ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc14 till: $nc14 color:time text:"PSC" bar:psc0 from: $nc15 till: $nc15 color:time text:"
15th 15 (fifteen) is the natural number following 14 (number), 14 and preceding 16 (number), 16. Mathematics 15 is: * A composite number, and the sixth semiprime; its proper divisors being , and . * A deficient number, a smooth number, a lucky ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc15 till: $nc15 color:time text:"PSC" bar:psc0 from: $nc16 till: $nc16 color:time text:"
16th 16 (sixteen) is the natural number following 15 and preceding 17. 16 is a composite number, and a square number, being 42 = 4 × 4. It is the smallest number with exactly five divisors, its proper divisors being , , and . In English speech, ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc16 till: $nc16 color:time text:"PSC" bar:psc0 from: $nc17 till: $nc17 color:time text:"
17th 17 (seventeen) is the natural number following 16 and preceding 18. It is a prime number. Seventeen is the sum of the first four prime numbers. In mathematics 17 is the seventh prime number, which makes seventeen the fourth super-prime, as s ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc17 till: $nc17 color:time text:"PSC" bar:psc0 from: $nc18 till: $nc18 color:time text:"
18th 18 (eighteen) is the natural number following 17 and preceding 19. In mathematics * Eighteen is a composite number, its divisors being 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. Three of these divisors (3, 6 and 9) add up to 18, hence 18 is a semiperfect number. ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc18 till: $nc18 color:time text:"PSC" bar:psc0 from: $nc19 till: $nc19 color:time text:"
19th 19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. It is a prime number. Mathematics 19 is the eighth prime number, and forms a sexy prime with 13, a twin prime with 17, and a cousin prime with 23. It is the third full re ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc19 till: $nc19 color:time text:"PSC" bar:psc0 from: $nc20 till: $nc20 color:time text:"
20th 20 (twenty; Roman numeral XX) is the natural number following 19 and preceding 21. A group of twenty units may also be referred to as a score. In mathematics *20 is a pronic number. *20 is a tetrahedral number as 1, 4, 10, 20. *20 is the ba ...
" bar:psc1 from: $nc20 till: $nc20 color:time text:"PSC" bar:maozedong from: $prc till: 09/09/1976 color:full bar:maozedong from: 01/10/1949 till: 09/09/1976 color:pl text:" Mao Zedong" bar:liushaoqi from: $prc till: 31/10/1968 color:full text:"
Liu Shaoqi Liu Shaoqi ( ; 24 November 189812 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, and theorist. He was Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee from 1954 to 1959, First Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from 1956 to 1966 and C ...
" bar:zhouenlai from: $prc till: 08/01/1976 color:full bar:zhouenlai from: 01/10/1949 till: 08/01/1976 color:premier text:" Zhou Enlai" bar:zhude from: $prc till: $nc09 color:full bar:zhude from: $nc10 till: 06/07/1976 color:full text:" Zhu De" bar:renbishi from: $prc till: 27/10/1950 color:full text:" Ren Bishi" bar:chenyun from: 27/10/1950 till: $nc09 color:full bar:chenyun from: $nc11 till: $nc13 color:full text:" Chen Yun" bar:dengxiaoping from: $nc08 till: 31/08/1968 color:full bar:dengxiaoping from: 01/01/1975 till: 01/04/1976 color:full bar:dengxiaoping from: 01/07/1977 till: $nc13 color:full bar:dengxiaoping from: 22/12/1978 till: 09/11/1989 color:pl text:" Deng Xiaoping" bar:linbiao from: 25/05/1958 till: 13/09/1971 color:full text:" Lin Biao" bar:taozhu from: $nc08a till: 04/01/1967 color:full text:"
Tao Zhu Tao Zhu (; 16 January 1908 – 30 November 1969) was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party . Biography Born in Qiyang, Hunan, Tao Zhu was Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee and Commander of the ...
" bar:chenboda from: $nc08a till: 31/08/1970 color:full text:" Chen Boda" bar:kangsheng from: $nc08a till: 16/12/1975 color:full text:" Kang Sheng" bar:lifuchun from: $nc08a till: 31/08/1968 color:full text:" Li Fuchun" bar:wanghongwen from: $nc10 till: 06/10/1976 color:full text:" Wang Hongwen" bar:yejianying from: $nc10 till: 01/09/1985 color:full text:" Ye Jianying" bar:lidesheng from: $nc10 till: 01/01/1975 color:full text:"
Li Desheng Li Desheng (; 4 May 1916 – 8 May 2011) was a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He was born in Xin County, Henan, China, an area now known as the "Cradle of Generals" for the large number of senior military officers born in the r ...
" bar:dongbiwu from: $nc10 till: 02/04/1975 color:full text:" Dong Biwu" bar:zhangchunqiao from: $nc10 till: 06/10/1976 color:full text:" Zhang Chunqiao" bar:huaguofeng from: 07/04/1976 till: $nc12 color:full text:" Hua Guofeng" bar:huaguofeng from: 07/04/1976 till: 10/09/1980 color:premier bar:huaguofeng from: 09/09/1976 till: 22/12/1978 color:pl bar:lixiannian from: $nc11 till: $nc13 color:full text:" Li Xiannian" bar:wangdongxing from: $nc11 till: 01/01/1980 color:full text:" Wang Dongxing" bar:huyaobang from: 29/02/1980 till: $nc13 color:full text:" Hu Yaobang" bar:zhaoziyang from: 10/09/1980 till: $nc13a color:full text:" Zhao Ziyang" bar:zhaoziyang from: 10/09/1980 till: 24/11/1987 color:premier bar:lipeng from: $nc13 till: $nc16 color:full text:" Li Peng" bar:lipeng from: 24/11/1987 till: 17/03/1998 color:premier bar:qiaoshi from: $nc13 till: $nc16 color:full text:"
Qiao Shi Qiao Shi (24 December 1924 – 14 June 2015) was a Chinese politician and one of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was a member of the party's top decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee, from 1987 to 1997. ...
" bar:huqili from: $nc13 till: $nc13a color:full text:"
Hu Qili Hu Qili (; born 6 October 1929) is a former high-ranking politician of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee and a member of its Secretariat between 1987 and 1989. In 1989, he was purged becaus ...
" bar:yaoyilin from: $nc13 till: $nc14 color:full text:"
Yao Yilin Yao Yilin (; September 6, 1917 – December 11, 1994) was a Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1979 to 1988, and the country's First Vice Premier from 1988 to 1993. Early life and career He was born in Hong Kong in 1917, and sp ...
" bar:jiangzemin from: $nc13a till: $nc16 color:full bar:jiangzemin from: 09/11/1989 till: 19/09/2004 color:pl text:" Jiang Zemin" bar:songping from: $nc13a till: $nc14 color:full text:" Song Ping" bar:liruihuan from: $nc13a till: $nc16 color:full text:" Li Ruihuan" bar:zhurongji from: $nc14 till: $nc16 color:full bar:zhurongji from: 17/03/1998 till: 19/09/2004 color:premier text:" Zhu Rongji" bar:liuhuaqing from: $nc14 till: $nc15 color:full text:"
Liu Huaqing Liu Huaqing (; 1 October 1916 – 14 January 2011) was Chinese revolutionary and an admiral of the People's Liberation Army Navy, who served as the third Commander-in-Chief of the Navy from 1982 through 1988. He is considered to have greatly co ...
" bar:hujintao from: $nc14 till: $nc18 color:full bar:hujintao from: 19/09/2004 till: 15/11/2012 color:pl text:"
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, an ...
" bar:weijianxing from: $nc15 till: $nc16 color:full text:" Wei Jianxing" bar:lilanqing from: $nc15 till: $nc16 color:full text:"
Li Lanqing Li Lanqing (; born 22 May 1932) is a retired Chinese politician who served as first-ranked Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China between 1998 and 2003. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ...
" bar:wubangguo from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full text:"
Wu Bangguo Wu Bangguo (born 12 July 1941) is a retired high-ranking politician in the People's Republic of China. He was the Chairman and Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 2003 to ...
" bar:wenjiabao from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full bar:wenjiabao from: 19/09/2004 till: 15/03/2013 color:premier text:"
Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the Premier of the State Council from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy ...
" bar:jiaqinglin from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full text:" Jia Qinglin" bar:zengqinghong from: $nc16 till: $nc17 color:full text:" Zeng Qinghong" bar:huangju from: $nc16 till: 02/06/2007 color:full text:" Huang Ju" bar:wuguanzheng from: $nc16 till: $nc17 color:full text:"
Wu Guanzheng Wu Guanzheng (born August 11, 1938), also spelled as Wu Kuan-cheng is a former Chinese politician and one of the major leaders of the Chinese Communist Party during the administration of Hu Jintao. He served on the Politburo Standing Committee ...
" bar:lichangchun from: $nc16 till: $nc18 color:full text:" Li Changchun" bar:luogan from: $nc16 till: $nc17 color:full text:" Luo Gan" bar:xijinping from: $nc17 till: $now color:full bar:xijinping from: 15/11/2012 till: $now color:pl text:" Xi Jinping" bar:likeqiang from: $nc17 till: $nc20 color:full bar:likeqiang from: 15/03/2013 till: $nc20 color:premier text:"
Li Keqiang Li Keqiang (born 1 July 1955) is a Chinese politician who is the outgoing premier of China. An economist by profession, Li is head of China's executive branch as well as one of the leading figures behind China's Financial and Economic Affai ...
" bar:heguoqiang from: $nc17 till: $nc18 color:full text:"
He Guoqiang He Guoqiang (; born October 1. 1943) is a retired senior leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Between 2007 and 2012, He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), China's highest ruling council, and the Secretary of the Cent ...
" bar:zhouyongkang from: $nc17 till: $nc18 color:full text:" Zhou Yongkang" bar:zhangdejiang from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:"
Zhang Dejiang Zhang Dejiang (; born 4 November 1946) is a Chinese retired politician. He served as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress, roughly the equivalent of a speaker of parliament in other countries between ...
" bar:yuzhengsheng from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:" Yu Zhengsheng" bar:liuyunshan from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:" Liu Yunshan" bar:wangqishan from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:"
Wang Qishan Wang Qishan (; ; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese politician, and the current Vice President of the People's Republic of China. Wang is one of the leading figures behind China's foreign affairs, along with President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Ke ...
" bar:zhanggaoli from: $nc18 till: $nc19 color:full text:" Zhang Gaoli" bar:lizhanshu from: $nc19 till: $nc20 color:full text:" Li Zhanshu" bar:wangyang from: $nc19 till: $nc20 color:full text:"
Wang Yang Wang Yang may refer to: People *Wang Yang (politician) (born 1955), Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference *Wang Yang (Liaoning politician) (born 1957), former provincial official from Liaoni ...
" bar:wanghuning from: $nc19 till: $now color:full text:" Wang Huning" bar:zhaoleji from: $nc19 till: $now color:full text:" Zhao Leji" bar:hanzheng from: $nc19 till: $nc20 color:full text:" Han Zheng" bar:liqiang from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:"
Li Qiang Li Qiang (; born 23 July 1959) is a Chinese politician and a senior leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), serving as the second-ranking member of the 20th CCP Politburo Standing Committee, behind CCP general secretary Xi Jinping. From 2 ...
" bar:caiqi from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:"
Cai Qi Cai Qi (; born December 5, 1955) is a Chinese politician, the current First Secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party and the fifth-ranking member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. Cai began his career in Fujian province ...
" bar:dingxuexiang from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:" Ding Xuexiang" bar:lixi from: $nc20 till: $now color:full text:" Li Xi"


Notes


References


See also

*
Historical membership of the Politburo Standing Committee A List of Historical makeup of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since 1927–present. 5th PSC (1927–1927) * Zhang Guotao * Li Weihan * Zhou Enlai * Li Lisan * Zhang Tailei 6th PSC (1928–1945) 6th PSC ...
(includes list of all Standing Committee members throughout history) * Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party * Political position ranking of the People's Republic of China *
Politics of the People's Republic of China The People's Republic of China is One-party state, run by a single party, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP General Secretary who tends to be the paramount leader of China. Ch ...
{{CPC Party Organs Standing Committee China, Politburo of the Communist Party
Politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contraction ...
1928 establishments in China